The Relationship between Spirituality and Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Subject Areas : Clinical psychology

Bahram Jowkar ¹ , Fateme Kamali ²

1 - دانشیار دانشگاه شیراز
2 - کارشناس ارشد روان شناسی تربیتی دانشگاه شیراز

Received: 2016-09-11 Accepted : 2016-09-11 Published : 2016-06-21

Keywords: cognitive emotion regulation, Spirituality, adaptive strategies, maladaptive strategies,

Abstract :

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between spirituality and cognitive emotion regulation dimensions. Three hundred and eighty seven undergraduate students (228 females, 160 males) were selected from Shiraz University using multistage sampling method. The participants completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2001) and the Inclusive Spirituality Index (Muse-Burke, 2004).The results of  simultaneous multiple regression indicated that transcendence and purpose and meaning in life had positive and significant effects on adaptive strategies. Transcendence had positive and significant effects on maladaptive strategies, and inner peace had negative and significant effect on maladaptive strategies. The findings suggest that spirituality predicted adaptive strategies positively and maladaptive strategies negatively.

References:

ریو، ج. م. ‌(1390). انگیزش و هیجان. ترجمه ی. سیدمحمدی. تهران: ویرایش (سال انتشار اثر اصلی، 2011).

مامانی، س. و صادقی، ل. (1389). کفایت شاخص­های روان­سنجی پرسشنامه تنظیم شناختی هیجان. روش­ها و مدل­های روان‎شناختی، (1)، 62-51.

Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion regulation strategies and psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psy-chology Review, 30, 217-237.

Carl, J. R., Soskin, D. P., Kerns, C., & Barlow, D. H. (2013). Positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders: A theoretical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33 (3), 343-360.

Cook, C., Powell, A., & Sims, A. C. (2009). Spirituality and psychiatry. London: RCPsych.

Dowling, E. M., & Scarlett, W. G. (2006). Encyclopedia of Religious and Spiritual Development. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications in company.

Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2009). Cognitive coping and psychological adjustment in different types of stressful life events. Individual Differences Research, 7, 168-181.

Garnefski, N., Koopman, H., Kraaij, V., & Ten Cate, R. (2009). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological adjustment in adolescents with a chronic disease. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 449-454. 

Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, Ph. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regu-lation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311-1327.

Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., Schroevers, M. J., Aarnink, J., Van der Heijden, D. J., Van Es, S. M., Van Herpen, M., & Somsen, G. A. (2009). Cognitive coping and goal adjustment after first-time myo-cardial infarction: Relationships with symptoms of depression. Behavioral Medicine, 35, 79-86.

Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299.

Gross, J. J., & Munoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psycho-logy: Science and Practice, 2, 151-164.

Kraaij, V., Garnefski, N., Schroevers, M. J., Van der Veek, S. M., Witlox, R., & Maes, S. (2008). Cognitive coping, goal self-efficacy and personal growth in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Patient Education and Counseling, 72, 301-304.

Meraviglia, M. G. (1999). Critical analysis of spirituality and its empirical indicators: Prayer and meaning in life. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 17, 18-33.

Muse-Burke, J. L. (2004). The initial development and validation of the Inclusive Spirituality Index. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 242-249.

Otto, R., & Harvey, J. W. (1958). The idea of the holy: An inquiry into the non-rational factor in the idea of the divine and its relation to the rational. New York: Oxford University Press.

Paloutzian, R. F., & Park, C. L. (2005). Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality. New York: Guilford Press.

Pargament, K. I. (1997). Psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: Guilford Press.

Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the Five-Factor Model. Journal of Personality, 67, 985-1013.

Silberman, I. (2003). Religion as a meaning-system: Implications for individual and societal well-being. PsycEXTRA Dataset. doi:10.1037/ e568 392011-002.

Van der Veek, S. M. C., Kraaij, V., Van Koppen, W., Garnefski, N., & Joekes, K. (2007). Goal disturbance, cognitive coping and psychological distress in HIV-infected persons. Journal of Health Psychology, 12 (2), 225-230.

Van der Veek, S. M. C., Kraaij, V., & Garnefski, N. (2009). Down or up? Explaining positive and negative emotions in parents of children with Down’s syndrome: Goals, cognitive coping and resources. Journal of Intellectual & Deve-lopmental Disability, 34(3), 216-229.

Watts, F. (2006). Emotional Regulation and Religion. In J. Gross (Ed.). Handbook of Emotion Regulation. New York: Guilford Press.

Watts, F. N., Nye, R., & Savage, S. B. (2002). Psychology for christian ministry. London: Routledge.