ترویج رفتار کارآفرینانه در بین دانشجویان کشاورزی: رهیافت دو مرحله ای مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری

Subject Areas : Education and training

نعمت اله شیری ¹ , علی اصغر میرک زاده ² , کیومرث زرافشانی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

Received: 2016-04-07 Accepted : 2017-01-01 Published : 2017-06-01

Keywords: کارآفرینی, بیکاری, نیت کارآفرینانه, دانشجویان کشاورز,

Abstract :

افزایش نرخ بیکاری در میان دانش­آموختگان نظام آموزش عالی کشاورزی ایران به مهم­ترین مشکل اجتماعی- اقتصادی روز کشور تبدیل شده است. با توجه به این­که کارآفرینی عاملی مهم در جهت کمک به توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی است و هم­چنین یکی از عوامل پیش­برندۀ ایجاد اشتغال محسوب می­شود؛ بسیاری از سیاست­مدران و برنامه­ریزان در ایران تلاش نموده­اند که با برنامه­ها و طرح­های مختلف، دانشجویان کشاورزی را به سمت انتخاب حرفه­ای کارآفرینانه سوق دهند. در این راستا، با توجه به اهمیت کارآفرینی و با استفاده از تئوری رفتار برنامه­ریزی شده آجزن (1991)، مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رفتار کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان کشاورزی در دانشگاه رازی انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل تمام دانشجویان سال چهارم کارشناسی رشته­های کشاورزی در دانشگاه رازی بود (N=300)، که 169 نفر از آن­ها به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزارهای SPSSwin23 و AMOS23 در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج حاصل از مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که نگرش نسبت به کارآفرینی، کنترل رفتاری درک­شده و هنجارهای ذهنی پیش­بینی­کننده­های اصلی نیت و رفتار کارآفرینانه دانشجویان کشاورزی بودند. نتایج این مطالعه دستاوردهای کاربردی مناسبی برای  کمک به مدیران، برنامه­ریزان و آموزشگران نظام آموزش عالی کشاورزی کشور  در جهت ترویج نیت و رفتار کارآفرینانه در بین دانشجویان کشاورزی دارد. 

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