Rethinking the concept of " the right to the city" and its relationship with justice-oriented urban planning Case Study: A Comparative Analysis of the Haftasiyab and Shishegarkhaneh Neighborhoods of Urmia city

Subject Areas : Architecture and urbanization

Ali Samadi ¹ , ghader ahmadi ² , Meysam Saket Hasanlouei ³

1 - Ph.D Condidate in Urban Planning, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 - Graduate Master of Urban Planning, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Received: 2021-05-24 Accepted : 2022-01-10 Published : 2023-08-23

Keywords: Urmia, The right to the city, justice-oriented, Shishegarkhaneh, Haftasiyab,

Abstract :

IntroductionToday, "the right to the city" approach is a new concept in response to the unbalanced urban development process, which ultimately leads to a city with justice, cohesion and social cohesion, healthy, livable, sustainable and citizen-oriented. This approach is considered as an effective solution in saving and reviving civil rights and by emphasizing the factor of the right to urban life, provides the grounds for the realization and achievement of justice-oriented urban planning and democratic enjoyment of the city. Meanwhile, justice-oriented urban planning has entered the field of urban development as an important knowledge and leading approach in urban planning in order to respond to the social-spatial inequalities produced by capitalism.Research AimThe present research with an applied goal and descriptive-analytical method, tries to make a comparative assessment of the status of right to the city indicators in urban settlements by adopting a humane background. Research MethodologyThe tools used in collecting and analyzing information are using document selection and library methods and using the questionnaire tools and Swara and Mabac techniques. The statistical population and sample size of the research includes the total population of the historical context of Urmia, which has been calculated through the Cochran method, the number of samples.Geographical Area of ResearchThe neighborhoods of Hafasiyab and Shishegarkhaneh in Urmia city have been the cases of the present research. Finding and DiscussionThe results of the analysis indicate that the sub-indicators of access to public services and democracy have the highest and lowest levels of importance, respectively. ConclusionShishegharkhaneh neighborhood of Urmia city in terms of urban governance, social inclusion, diversity and vitality and spatial access to a more favorable situation than the feasibility of the sub-indicators of the right to the city and achieving justice-oriented urban planning Dedicated to himself.

References:

بمانیان، محمدرضا؛ تقوایی، علی­­اکبر و بهرام­پور، مهدی. (1393). تبیین رویکرد نظریه شهر عدالت­محور در نظام مدیریت شهری با تاکید بر طرح­های توسعه شهری. فصلنامه مدیریت شهری، شماره 27، 256-231.

پوراحمد، احمد؛ حاتمی­نژاد، حسین؛ زیاری، کرامت­اله؛ فرجی سبکبار، حسنعلی و وفایی، ابوذر. (۱۳۹۳). بررسی و ارزیابی کاربری اراضی شهر از منظر عدالت اجتماعی (مورد مطالعه: کاشان). فصلنامه آمایش سرزمین، 6(2)، 208-179.

تیبالدز، فرانسیس. (1383). شهرسازی شهروندگرا. ترجمه محمد احمدی­نژاد، تهران: انتشارات نشر خاک.

حبیبی، سید­محسن و امیری، مریم. (1394). حق به شهر؛ شهر موجود و شهر مطلوب (آنچه هست و آنچه باید باشد). فصلنامه پژوهش­های انسان­شناسی ایران، 5(2)، 30-9.

حیدری، فردین و زارعی، مجید. (1398). مفهوم حق به شهر و ارتباط آن با طراحی شهری شهروند مدار (تطبیق هنجارهای جامعِ بیان­گر شهروندمداری، با شاخص­های کیفی طراحی شهری). مجله منظر، 11(46)، 23-14.

رفیعیان، مجتبی و الوندی­پور، نینا. (۱۳۹۵). مفهوم­پردازی اندیشه حق به شهر؛ در جستجوی مدلی مفهومی. مجله جامعه­شناسی ایران، 16(2)، 47-25.

رهبری، لادن و شارع­پور، محمود. (1393). جنسیت و حق به شهر: آزمون نظریه لوفور در تهران. مجله جامعه شناسی ایران، 15(1)، 141-116.

رهبری، لادن و شارع­پور، محمود. (۱۳۹۳). تفاوت­های جنسیتی در بهره­مندی از حق به شهر در تهران، تهران: انتشارات تیسا.

سعیدنیا، احمد. (1382). شهرسازی، کتاب سبز شهرداری­ها. جلد اول، تهران: انتشارات سازمان شهرداری­ها، وزارت کشور.

سعیدی­رضوانی، هادی. (1391). تبیین مفهوم و شاخص­سازی شهر عدالت­محور؛ نمونه ارزیابی شهر تهران. رساله مقطع دکتری، دانشکده هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران.

مرکز آمار ایران. (1395).  سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن ایران. خلاصه آمار جمعیتی ایران و استان آذربایجان غربی، تهران.

نقی­زاده، محمد. (1385). شهرسازی و معماری اسلامی. اصفهان: انتشارات راهیان.

هاروی، دیوید و مری­فیلد، اندی. (1392). حق به شهر: ریشه­های شهری بحران­های مالی. ترجمه خسرو کلانتری، تهران: انتشارات مهر ویستا.

Harvey, D., & Maryfield, A. (2014). Right to the City: The Urban Roots of the Financial Crisis. Translated by Kalantari Khosrow, Mehrvista Publications, Tehran, Iran.

Brain, D. (2006). Democracy and Urban Design: The Transect and Civic Renewal, Places Journal, 18(1), 17-23. 

Brenner, N., Marcuse, P., & Mayer, M. (2012). Cities for People not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory and the right to the city. London & New York: Taylor & Francis Group.

Campbell, H. (2006). Just Planning: The art of Situated Ethical Judgment. Journal of Planning Education and Research, No 26, 92-106.

Fainstein, S. (2009). Planning and the Just City. In P. Marcuse, J. Connolly, J. Novy, I. Olivo, C. Potter, & J. Steil (ed.), Searching for the Just City: Debate in Urban Theory and Practice. pp 19-39, Routledge, New York.

Fainstein, S. (2010). The Just City. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. 

Fainstein, S. (2003). New Directions in Planning Theory. In S, Fainstein and S. Campbell (ed.). Reading in Urban Theory, Blackwell, Malden and Oxford.

Harvey, D. (2008). Debates and Developments: the right to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional, 27(4), 939-941.

Harvey, D. (2002). Social Justice, Postmodernism and the City. In S, Fainstein and S. Campbell (ed.). Reading in Urban Theory, Blackwell, Malden and Oxford.

Iwamoto, W. (2008). Welcome Address. UNESCO 2008, pp. 12-18.

King, L, A. 2004. Democracy and City Life. Journal of Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 3(1), 97-124.

Kofman, E., & Lebas, E. (1996). Writings on Cities. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Lefebvre, H. (1996). The Urban Revolution. Translated by: R. Bononno, Trans, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Lefebvre, H. (2009). State, Space, World: Selected essays. Translated by: N. Brenner, S. Elden, Eds., G. Moore, N. Brenner, Trans Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Lefebvre, H. (1968). Le Droit ¢a la Ville (The Right to the City). Anthropos: Paris.

Mitchell, D. (2003). The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space. New York: The Guilford Press.

Purcell, M. (2013). Recapturing Democracy. New York: Routledge.

Purcell, M., Shannon K, T. (2015). Cultivating food as a Right to the City. Local Environment. International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 20(10), 1132-1142.

Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. (2001). Justice as Fairness; A Restatement. London: Harvard University Press.

Safier, M. (2006). Securing the Right to the City: The Case for Civic Cosmopolitanism. UNESCO UN-HABITAT ISS 2006: 30.

Savdercock, L. (2003). Cosmopolis II: Mongrel Cities in the 21^st century. Continuum, London.