.

Subject Areas : Large Animal Diseases

nasim  rahimifar ¹ (khuzestan)
khalil  mirzadeh ² (khuzestan)

Received: 2017-10-26 Accepted : 2017-12-12 Published : 2017-12-22

Keywords:

References:

 

1. خالداری، مجید. 1387. اصول پرورش گوسفند و بز. چاپ سوم، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی تهران.


2. ضمیری، م. ج. 1388. فیزیولوژی تولیدمثل. انتشارات حق‌شناس. 103ص.


3. گایتون، آ. و ج. ا، هال. 2006. فیزیولوژی پزشکی. مترجمان: علی حوری سپهری و کامران قاسمی. انتشارات اندیشه رفیع. 946 ص.


4. گودمن، اچ. ام. 1377. مبانی هورمون‌شناسی پزشکی. ترجمه دکتر محمدجواد ضمیری. انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز. 59-92ص.


5. میرزاده، خ. 1384. بررسی تغییرات هورمون‌های تیروئیدی با تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیک بافت تیروئید در گوسفندان ارجاع شده به کشتار‌گاه اهواز در فصول تابستان و زمستان. پایان‌نامه دکترای تخصصی دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز. 73ص.


6. نیک‌روش، م. و م، جلالی. 1384. برسی اثر هیپوتیروئیدی بر اسپرماتوژنز رت نژاد ویستار. گروه آناتومی دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد. 25-16ص.

 

1. Abdallah, M., Abdelatif, H. S. and Instar, H. S. 2009. Thermoregulation, Heart Rate and Body Weigh as Influencedby Thyroid Status and Season in the Domestic Rabbi(Lepus cuniculus). Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 4(4):310-319.


2. Anderson, G. M., Hardy, S. L., Valent, M., Billings, H. J., Connors, J. M. and Goodman, R. L. 2003. Evidence that thyroid hormones act in the ventromedial preoptic area and the premammillary region of the brain to allow the termination of the breeding season in the ewe. Endocrinology 144, 2892–2901.


3. Bernal, J. 2002. Action of thyroid hormone in brain. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 25, 268–288.


4. Beyzai, A. R. and Adibmoradi, M. 2010. Histological and histometrical changes of ostrich thyroid gland during summer and winter seasons in Tehran, Iran. African J. Biotech., 10: 1496-1501.


5. Billings, H. J., Viguie, C., Karsch, F. J., Goodman, R. L., Connors, J. M. and Anderson, G. M. 2002. Temporal requirement of thyroid hormones for seasonal changes in LH secretion. Endocrinology 143, 2618–2625.


6. Böttner, M., Christoffel, J., Rimoldi, G. and Wuttke, W. 2006. Effects of longterm treatment with resveratrol and subcutaneous and oral estradiol administration on the pituitary-thyroid-axis. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 114 (2), 82–90.


7. Bourget, C., Femion, C., Hastigs, S. and Longcope, C. 1987. The effects of thyroxin and dexamethasone on sterohd dynamics in male cynologous monkeys. JSteroid biochem, 28: 575-9.


8. Buys, N., Peeters, R., De Clerck, B., Van Isterdael, J., Kühn, E. R. and Decuypere, E. 1990. Seasonal variations in prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid hormones and the prolactin surge at ovulation do not affect litter size of ewes during pregnancy in the oestrous or the anoestrous season. J. Reprod. Fertil. 90, 47–53.


9. Castro, A., Bartos, D., Bartos, F., Metcalfe J., and Hoversland, A. 1975. Normal functions of the thyroid glands of the Pygmy goat. Lab. Anim. Sci., 25(3):327-330.


10. Cecconi, S., Rucci, N., Scaldaferri, M. L., Masciulli, M. P., Rossi, G., Moretti, C., D’Armiento, M., Ulisse, S. 1990. Thyroid hormone effects on mouse oocyte maturation and granulosa cell aromatase activity. Endocrinology 140, 1783–1788.


11. Celi, P., Seren, E., Celi, R. Parmeggiani, A. and Di Trana, A.  2003. Relationships betwee blood hormonal concentrations and secondary fibre shedding in young cashmere-bearing goats at their first moult. Animal Science, 77: 371-381.


12. Choksi, N.Y., Jahnke, G. D., Hilaire, C. and Shelby, M. 2003. Role of thyroid hormones in human and laboratory animal reproductive health, birth defects. Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 68, 479–491.


13. Chopra I. J, Sack, J., Fisher D. A. 1975. 3,3=,5= triiodothyronine (reverse T3) and 3,3=,5 triiodothyronine (T3) in fetal and adult sheep: studies on metabolic clearance rates, production rates, serum binding, and thyroidal content relative thyroxine. Endocrinol;97:1080–8.


14. Colavita, G. P. and Malfatti, A. 1989. Hematic concentration of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 in goats at the beginning of the seasonal sexual activity. Atti della Societa` Italiana delle Scienze Veterinarie 43: 467-471.


15. Cooke, P. S. 1996. Thyroid hormone and the regulation of testicular development. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 42, 333–341.


16. Dikson, W. M. 1993. Endocrine gl,s. In :Swenson, M. G. , Reece, W. O.(Eds). Duke’s Physiology of domestic animals.11th ed. Comstock publishers Association, Ithaca and London. pp: 629-664.


17. Dixit, N. K, Agarwal, S. P, Agarwal, V. K, Dwaraknath, P. K. 1984. "Seasonal variation in serum levels of thyroid hormones and their relation with seminal quality and libido in buffalobulls." Theriogenology 24 (3): 293-303.


18. Ekpe, E. D. and Christopherson, R. J. 2000. Metabolic and endocrine responses to cold and feed. gonadotropinreleasing hormone secretion in sheep. Endocrinology 129, 1635–1643.


19. Ferguson, D. C. and hoenig, M. 2003. Endocrine system. In: latimer, K.W. and Mahaffey, E. A. (Eds). Duncan and Prasses Veterinary laboratory Medicin clinical Patology. A Blak well publishing Company, United states American, pp:280-291.


20. Freeman, D. A., Teubner, B. J., Smith, C. D., Prendergast, B. J. 2007. Exogenous T3 mimics long day lengths in Siberian hamsters. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 292, R2368 R2372.


21. Gambert, S. R. 1991. Environmental effects and physiologic variables. In: Braverman, L. E., Utiger, R. D. (Eds.), Werner and Ingbar’s The Thyroid, sixth ed. J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp. 347–357.


22. Gregoraszczuk, E. L. 2000. Is thyroid hormone a modulator of estrogen receptor in porcine follicular cells? Endocr. Regul. 34 (3), 151–155.


23. Gregoraszczuk, E. L., Galas, J. 1998. In vitro effect of triiodothyronine on the cyclic AMP, progesterone and testosterone level in porcine theca, granulose and luteal cells. Endocr. Regul. 32 (2), 93–98.


24. Guerrini, V. H., Bertchinger, H. 1983. Effect of exposure to a hot-humid and a hot-dry environment on thyroid hormone values in sheep. British Veterinary Journal, 139, 119-128.


25. Gundogan, M. 2007. Seasonal variation in serum testosterone, t3 and andrological parameters of two Turkish sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research 67:312-316.


26. Hafez, E. S. E., Hafez, B. 2000. Reproductive cycles. In: Hafez, E.S.E., Hafez, B. (Eds.), Reproduction in Farm Animals, seventh ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 55–67.


27. Hanon, E. A., Lincoln, G. A., Fustin, J. M., Dardente, H., Masson-Pévet, M., Morgan, P. J., Hazlerigg, D. G. 2008. Ancestral TSH mechanism signals summer in a photoperiodic mammal. Curr. Biol. 18, 1147–1152.


28. Hernandez, J. A., Hallford, D. M. and Wells, N. H. 2003. Ovarian cyclicity in thyroidsuppressed ewes treated with  propylthiouracil immediately before onset of seasonal anestrus. J. Anim. Sci. 81:29-34.


29. Jung, H. J., Hahm, J. R., Jung, T. S., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. S., Kim, S., Kim, S. K., Lee, S. M., Kim, D. R., Choi, W. J., Seo, Y. M. and Chung, S. I. 2011. A 27-yearold woman diagnosed as polycystic ovary syndrome associated with Graves’ disease. Int. Med. 50.5475.


30. junini, E. A., Ulisse, s., Armiento, M. 1995. Thyroid hormone and mail gonadal function. EndocrREV, 16:443-59.


31. Karsch, F. J., Dahl, G. E. Hachigian, T. M.  and Thrun, L. A.  1995. Involvement of thyroid hormones in seasonal reproduction. J. Rep. Fertility Supplement, 49, 409-422.


32. Kausar, R. and Shahid, R. U. 2006. Gross and microscopic anatomy of thyroid gland of onehumped camel(camelus dromedaries). Pakistan Vet. J. 26(2):88-90.


33. Koser Elicin, M. 2008. White goats exchange of thyroid hormones. A. Univ. Agriculture Faculty, Institute of Science, Doctoral Thesis (unpublished). Ankara.


34. krassas, G. E. and pontikides, N. 2004. Mail reproductive function in relation with thyroid alteration. Best pract Res Clin endocrinol metab. 18(2):183-95.


35. Léan, A. D., Ferland, L., Drouin, J., Kelly, P. A. and Labrie, F. 1977. Modulation of pituitary thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor levels by estrogens and thyroid hormones.Endocrinology 100 (6), 1496–1504.


36. Maurenbrecher, S. and Barrel, G. K. 2003. Suppression of thyroid gland function and its effects on the breeding season of Coopworth ewes. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 46:1-7.


37. McDonald, B. J., Stocks, D.C. Connell, J. A. and Hoey W. A. 1988. Thyroxine concentration in maternal and foetal plasma during pregnancy in Australian feral goats. J. Agri. Sci., 110, 25-30.


38. Mutinati, M., Desantis, S., Rizzo, A., Ventriglia, G., Pantaleo, M. and Sciorsci, R. L. 2010. Localization of thyrotropin receptor and thyroglobulin in the bovine corpus luteum. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 118, 1–6.


39. Nouri, M., Mirzadeh, K. H. and Mohamadian, B. 2006. The effect of ambient temperature on thyroid hormones concentration and histopathological changes of thyroid gland, in sheep. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 9(12), 2308-2312.


40. Okab, A. B., Elebanna, I. M., Mekkawy, M. Y., Hassan, G. A., Elnouty, F. D. and  Salem, M. H. 1993. Seasonal-changes in plasma thyroid-hormones, total lipids, cholesterol and serum transaminases during pregnancy and at parturition in Barki and Rahmani ewes. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 63, 946–951.


41. Panciera, D. L., Purswell, B. J. and Kolster, K. A. 2007. Effect of short-term hypothyroidism on reproduction in the bitch. Theriogenology 68, 316–321.


42. Parkinson, T. J. and Follett, B. K. 1994. Effect of thyroidectomy upon seasonality in rams. J. Reprod. Fert. 101, 51–58.


43. Pearce, E. N. 2012. Thyroid hormone and obesity. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 19, 408–413.


44. Peeters, R., Pauwels, N. T. Kuhn, E., Decuypere, R. E., Siau, O. and Van Isterdael, J. 1989. Relationship between the thyroidal and gonadal axes during the estrus cycle of ewes of different breeds and ages. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 29, 237-245.


45. Perez Clariget, R., Forsberg, M. and Rodriguez-Martinez, H. 1998. Seasonal variation in live weight, testes size, testosterone, LH secretion melatonin and thyroxin in Merino and Corriedale rams in a subtropical climate. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavia, 39, 35-47.


46. Refsal, K. R., Nachreiner, R. F. and Anderson, C. R. 1984. Relationship of season, heard, lactation, age, and pregnancy with serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine in Holstein cows. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 1, 225–234.


47. Sanchez, O., Evans, J. W. 1972. Isotope studies on the physiology of domestic animals. Vienna, Proceedings of the International Atomic energy Agency, Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 473-474.


48. Silanikove, N. 2000. Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants. Livestock Production Science, 67, 1–18.


49. Slebodzinski, A. B. 2005. Ovarian iodide uptake and triiodothyronine generation in follicular fluid. The enigma of thyroid ovary interaction. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 29, 97–103.


50. Souza, M. I. L., Bicudo, S. D., Uribe-Velasquez, L. F., and Ramos, A. A. 2002. Circadian and circannual rhythms of T3 and T4 secretion in polwarth–Ideal rams. Small Ruminant Research. 46: 1-5.


51. Spicer, L. J., Alonso, J. and Chamberlain, C. S. 2001. Effects of thyroid hormones on bovine granulose and thecal cell function in vitro: dependence on insulin and gonadotropins. J. Dairy Sci. 84, 1069–1076.


52. Spratt, D. I., Bigos, S. T., and Beitins, I. 1992. Both hyper and hypo-Gonadotropic hypogonadism occur transiently in acute illness: bio and immuno active gonadotropins. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 7: 1562–1570.


53. Thrun, L. A., Dahl, G. E., Evans, N. P. and Karsch, F. J. 1996. Timecourse of thyroid hormone involvement in the development of anestrus in the ewe. Biol. Reprod. 55, 833–837.


54. Todini, L. 2007. Thyroid hormones in small ruminants: Effect endogenous, environmental and nutritional factors. Animal, 1(7), 997-1008.


55. Todini, L., A. Lucaroni, A. Malfatti, A. Debenedetti and S. Costarelli. 1992. Male-female differences in the annual profiles of the thyroid hormones blood level by the goat. Atti della Societa Italiana della Scienze Veterinarie, 46: 169-173.


56. Valtorta, S., Hahn, L. and Johnson, H. D. 1982. Effect of high ambient temperature (35 degrees), and feed intake on plasma T4 levels in sheep. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 169: 260-265.


57. Vasudevan, N., Ogawa, S. and Pfaff, D. 2002. Estrogen and thyroid hormone receptor

      interactions: physiological flexibility by molecular specificity. Physiol. Rev. 82,

923–933.

1. Wagner, M. S., Wajner, S. M. and Maia, A. L. 2008. The role of thyroid hormone in testicular development and function. J. Endocrinol. 199, 351–365.


2. Watson, T. E. 2003. Metabolic and endocrine problems of the horse. Saunders Company, Great British, pp:47-54.


3. Waung, J. A., Bassett, J. H. and Williams, G. R. 2012. Thyroid hormone metabolism in skeletal development and adult bone maintenance. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 23, 155–162.


4. Wentzel, D., Viljoen, K. S. and Botha, L. J. J. 1979. Seasonal variation in adrenal and thyroid function of Angora goats. Agroanimalia 11: 1-3.


5. Yasuo, S., Nakao, N., Ohkura, S., Iigo, M., Hagiwara, S., Goto, A., Ando, H., Yamamura, T., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, T., Oda, S., Maeda, K., Lincoln, G.A., Okamura, H., Ebihara, S. and Yoshimura, T. 2006. Long-day suppressed expression of type 2 deiodinase gene in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the Saanen goat, a shortday breeder: implication for seasonal window of thyroid hormone action on reproductive neuroendocrine axis. Endocrinology 147, 432–440.


6. Yousef, M. K. and Johnson, H. D. 1966. Blood thyroxin degradation rate of cattle as influenced by temperature and feed intake. Life Science, 5, 1349-1363.


7. Zamiri, M. J. 1998. Basic Medical Endocrinology. Shiraz University Press. Shiraz 470 Pages. (In Persian).


8. Zhang, S. S., Carrillo, A. J. and Darling, D. S. 1997. Expression of multiple thyroid hormone receptor mRNAs in human oocytes, cumulus cells, and granulosa cells. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 3, 555–562.