رشته‌های هموزایگوت روشی برای شناسایی همخونی در حیوانات مزرعه‌ای
Subject Areas : Camel
1 - Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: همخونی, حیوانات مزرعه‌ای, اتوزایگوسیتی, رشته‌های هموزیگوت,
Abstract :
افت ناشی از همخونی، پدیده‌ای مضر در حیوانات اهلی است که ناشی از پرورش خویشاوندی است. پرورش خویشاوندی تلاقی‌های متوالی بین دو فرد است که رابطه خویشی آنها بیش از میانگین جامعه است و منجر به کاهش شایستگی فرزندان و تنوع ژنتیکی در جامعه می‌شود. گسترش آرایه‌های جهش تک نوکلئوتیدی متراکم اندازه‌گیری همخونی را با داده‌های مولکولی از طریق محاسبه اتوزایگوسیتی در ژنوم افراد آسان ساخته است. اتوزایگوسیتی به قطعه کروموزمی اتلاق می‌شود که یکسان اجدادی باشد و می‌تواند از طریق رشته‌های هموزیگوت اندازه‌گیری شود. بنابراین ROH مناطق هموزایگوت بهم پیوسته‌ای است که دو هاپلوتیپ به ارث رسیده از والدین در آن محل یکسان اجدادی‌اند. طول و فراوانی ROH می‌تواند تاریخچه، گلوگاه ژنتیکی و نشانه‌های انتخاب را در جامعه تعیین کند. ضریب خویشاوندی نیز می‌تواند از طریق ROH تعیین شود (FROH)، که در قالب کل طول ROH به طول ژنوم تعریف می‌شود. مطالعات زیادی سطح همخونی را از طریق FROH در گاو، خوک، گوسفند، مرغ و سایر حیوانات مزرعه‌ای از طرق آرایه‌های جهش تک نوکلئوتیدی بدست آورده‌اند. در بیشتر این مطالعات صحت و دقت FROH در مقایسه با FPED تأیید شده است. برخی افت ناشی از همخونی را با FROH برآورد کرده‌اند و برخی ارتباط بین محل ROH را با موقعیت QTLها و ژنها ارزیابی کرده‌اند. این مطالعات نشان دادند که سطح همخونی در جمعیت‌های خوکی و گاوی بسیار بیشتر از انسان است. اگر‌چه بیشتر تحقیقات نتیجه گرفتند که FROH می‌تواند همخونی را به دقت اندازه‌گیری کند و در هنگام عدم دسترسی به شجره مفید باشد. اما نگرانی‌های در رابطه با تراکم پانل‌ها، خطای تعیین ژنوتیپ و عدم شناسایی هتروزیگوسیتی در درون ROH بهم پیوسته که تعیین و تشخیص ROH را دشوار می‌کند وجود دارد. این مقاله به تعریف ROH و بحث در مورد جزئیات آن در انسان و حیوانات اهلی می‌پردازد.
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