Effect of Varying Levels of Zizyphus (Zizyphus mauritiana) Leaf Meal Inclusion in Concentrate Diet on Performance of Growing Yankasa Ram Lambs Fed Maize Stover Basal Diet
Subject Areas : CamelS.B. Abdu 1 , O.W. Ehoche 2 , A.M. Adamu 3 , G.S. Bawa 4 , M.R. Hassan 5 , S.M. Yashim 6 , H.Y. Adamu 7
1 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
2 - National Animal Production Research Institute Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
3 - National Animal Production Research Institute Shika, Zaria, Nigeria
4 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
5 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
6 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
7 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Keywords:
Abstract :
AbduS.B., Ehoche O.W., Adamu A.M., Yashim S.M.and Jokthan G.E. (2007). Evaluation of processing methods on biochemical composition of Ziziphus (Ziziphus mauritiana) leaf meal. Trop. J. Anim. Sci. 10(1-2), 441-443.
Anbarasu C., Duttam N., Sharma K. and Rawat M. (2004).Response of goats to partial replacement of dietary protein by a leaf meal mixture containing Leucaena leucocephala, Morus alba and Tectona grandis. Small Rumin. Res. 51, 47-56.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Washington, DC.
Ben Salem H.S., Abidi S., Makkar H.P.S. and Nefzaoui A. (2005). Wood ash treatment, a cost-effective way to deactivate tannins in Acacia cyanophylla I Lindl. foliage and to improve digestion by Barbarine sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 123, 93-108.
Butter N.L., Dawson J.M. and Buttery P.J. (1999). Effects of dietary tannins on ruminants. Pp. 51-70 inSecondary Plant Products: Antinutritional and beneficial actions in animal feeding. J.C. Caygill and I. Mueller-Harvey, Eds. Nottingham Univ. Press, United Kingdom.
CTA. (1986). Développement de l’élevage des petits ruminants en Afrique. Rapport de synthèse du séminaire de Montpellier (France) du 13 au 17 October.
DawsonJ.M., Buttery P.J., Jenkins D., Wood C.D. and Gill M. (1999). Effects of dietary quebracho tannin on nutrient utilisation and tissue metabolism in sheep and rats. J. Sci. Food Agric. 79, 1423-1430.
D'Mello J.P.F. (1992). Nutritional potentialities of fodder trees and shrubs as protein sources in Monogastric nutrition. Pp. 115-127 inLegumes Trees and Other Fodder. A. Speedy and P.L. Pugliese, Eds, Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy, Rome.
Jaitner J., Sowe J., Secka-Njie E. and Dempfle L. (2001). Ownership pattern and management practices of small ruminants in the Gambia. Implications for a breeding programme. Small Rumin. Res. 40(2), 101-108.
Komolong M.K., Barber D.G. and McNeill D.M. (2001). Post-ruminal protein supply and N retention of weaner sheep fed on a basal diet of Lucernehay (Medicago sativa) with increasing levels of quebracho tannins. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 92, 59-72.
Larbi A., Jabbar M.A., Orok N.B., Idiong B. and Cobbina J. (1993). Alchornea, a promising indigenous browse species adapted to acid soils in southeastern Nigeriafor Intergrated crop-livestock agro forestry production system. Agroforest. Syst. 22, 33-41.
Le Houérou H.N. (1980). Browse in northern Africa. Pp. 55-82 in Browse in Africa: The current state of knowledge. H.N. Le Houérou (Ed). International Symposium on Browse in Africa, Addis Ababa, 8-12 April 1980. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Leng R.A. and PrestonT.R. (1984).Nutritional strategies for the utilization of agro-industrial by-products by ruminants and extension of the principles and technologies to the small farmer in Asia. Pp. 310-31 in Proc. 5th World Conference on Animal Production. Japanese Society of Zootechnical Science: Tokyo
Makaranga M. (2002). The effect of feeding tannin ferrous rich browse diet to worm infected goats on crude protein digestibility and worm burden. A special project. Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania. Pp. 23.
Makkar H.P.S. and Becker K. (1998).Do tannins in leaves of trees and shrubs from African and Himalayan regions differ in level and activity? Agroforest. Syst. 40, 59-68.
Mangan J.L. (1988). Nutritional effect of tannins in animal feeds. Nutr. Res. Rev.1,209-231.
Mbatha K.R. (2001).The effects of tannin ingestion on the physiology of Boer goats. MSc thesis, University of Natal.
McBrayer A.C., Utley P.R., Lowrey R.S. and McCormick. (1983). Evaluation of peanut skins (Testa) as feed ingredient for growing- finishing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 56, 173-182.
McSweeney C.S., Palmer B., McNeill D.M. and Krause D.O. (2001). Microbial interactions with tannins: nutritional consequences for ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 91, 83-93.
MechaI.and Adegbola T.A. (1980). Chemical composition of some southern Nigeria forage eaten by goats. in: Browse in Africa: The current state of knowledge.H.N. Le Houérou (Ed), International Symposium on Browse in Africa, Addis Ababa, 8-12 April 1980. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mitjavila S., Lacombe C., Carreta G. and Derache R. (1977). Tannic acid and oxidized tannic acid on the functional state of rat intestinal epithelium. J. Nutr. 107, 2113-2120.
Morton J.F. (1987). Indian jujube. Pp. 272-275 inFruits of Warm Climates, Morton J.F. (Ed). Miami, Florida.
Narayan D. and Sharma K. (2004). Replacement of wheat bran by rice polishings as an economic supplement to wheat straw diet for lactating buffaloes in northern plains of India. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol. 4, 113-120.
Ndluvo L.R. (2000). Tannins in animal agriculture: friend or foe. Pp. 51-52 inProc. South African Society of Animal Science Congress, 25-27 July. South Africa.
Njoya A., Awa D.N. and Chupamom J. (2005). The effects of a strategic supplementation and prophilaxis on the reproductive performance of primiparous Fulbe ewes in the semi-arid zone of Cameroon. Small Rumin. Res. 56(1-3), 21-29.
Okuda T., Yoshida T. and Hatano T. (1993). Classification of oligomeric hydrolysable tannins and specificity of their occurrence in plants. Phytochemistry. 32, 507-521.
Olsson A. and Wellin-Berger S. (1989). The potential of local shrubs as feed for livestock and the mineral content of some soils and some soil-links in central Tanzania. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Developing centres, Uppsala. 125,6-20.
Onwuka C.F.I. (1992). Tannin and saponin contents of some tropical browse species fed to goats. Trop. Agric. 69, 176-180.
Osakwe I.I., Steingass H. and Drochner W. (2004).Effect of dried Elaeis guineense supplementation on nitrogen and energy partitioning of WAD sheep fed a basal hay diet. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 117,75-83.
Osinowo O.A., Abubakar B.Y., Adewuyi A.A., Onifade O.S. and Dennar P.O. (1991). Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters of birth weight, weaning weight and pre-weaning gain in Yankasa sheep. Pp. 205-215 in Proc. 16ih Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production,Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Osuji P.O., Nsahlai I.V. and Khalili H. (1993). Feed Evaluation. ILCA manual 5. ILCA (InternationalLivestock Centerfor Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Pp. 40.
Owen F.N. and Zinn R. (1988). Protein metabolism in ruminant animals. Pp. 227-249 in The Ruminant Animal Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. Church, D.C. Ed. Waveland Press Inc., Prospects Hights, IL, USA.
Raghavan G.V.(1990). Availability and use of Shrubs tree fodder in India. Pp. 196-210 in. Shrubs and Tree Fodder for Farm Animal Spp.C. Devendra Ed. FOA Publication, Rome, Italy.
Reed J.D. (1986). Relationships among soluble phenolics, insoluble proanthocyanidins and fibre in East African browse species. J. Range Management. 39, 5-7.
Reed J.D., Soller H. and Woodward A. (1990). Fodder tree and straw diets for sheep: intake, growth, digestibility and the effect of phenolics on nitrogen utilization. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 30, 39-47.
Rubanza C.D.K., Shem M.N., Otsyina R., Ichinohe T. and Fujihara T. (2003). Nutritive evaluation of some browse tree legume foliages native to semi-arid areas in western Tanzania. Asian Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 10, 1429-1437.
Rumirez-Orduna R., Ramirez R.G., Gonzalez-Rodriguez H. and Haenlein G.F.W. (2005). Mineral content of browse species from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Small Rumin. Res. 57(1), 1-10.
SAS. (2001). Procedures Guide: version 9.1. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Cary, NC.
Silanikove N., Perevolotsky A. and Provenza F.D. (2001).Use of tannin binding chemicals to assay for tannin and their negative post-ingestive effects in ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 91,69-81.
Silanikove N., Gilboa N. and Nitsan Z. (1997). Interactions among tannins, supplementation and polyethylene glycol in goats given oak leaves: effects on digestion and food intake. Anim. Sci. 64, 479-483.
Silanikove N., Nitsan Z. and Perevolotsky A. (1994). Effect of a daily supplementation of polyethylene glycol on intake and digestion of tannin- containing leaves (Ceratonia siliqua) by sheep. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42, 2844-2847.
Tanner J.C. (1988). Acacia fruit supplementation of maize stover diets fed to sheep. MSc Thesis, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74 (10), 3583-3597. (Accessed January, 2011). http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/74/10/3583.pdfWaghorn T.N. and SheltonI.D. (1995). Effect of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus on nutritive value of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) fed to sheep. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 12, 291-297.
Waghorn G.C., SheltonI.D., McNabb W.C. and McCutcheon S.N. (1994). Effects of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus on its nutritive value for sheep. 2. Nitrogenous aspects. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 123,109-119.
Wheeler R.A., Chaney W.R., ButlerL.G. and Brewbaker J.L. (1994). Condensed tannins in Leucaena and their relation to psyllid resistance. Agroforest. Syst. 26,139-146.
Zhu J., Filippich L.J. and Alsalami M.T. (1992). Tannic acid intoxication in sheep and mice. Res. Vet. Sci. 53, 280-292.