Effects of Feeding Buckets Number Per Pen on Performance and Behaviour Indicators of Lambs
Subject Areas : Camel
M.A. Norouzian
1
(
Department of Animal Science, Abourihan Pardis, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
)
M. Vatandoost
2
(
Faculty of Agriculture, Payam Noor University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
)
Keywords:
Abstract :
Corkum M.J., Bate L.A., Tennessen T. and Lirette A. (1994). Consequences of reduction of number of individual feeders on feeding behavior and stress level of feedlot steers. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 41, 27-35.
Dhabhar F.S. and McEwen B.S. (1997). Acute stress enhances while chronic stress suppresses cell-mediated immunity in vivo: A potential role for leukocyte trafficking. Brain Behav. Immunol. 11, 286-306.
Frank B. and Magnusson M. (1994). Feeding strategies with total mixed ration for loose-housed dairy cows with different feeding space. Rep. 91, Dep. Agric. Biosys. Technol., Lund, Sweden.
Galyean M.L., Perino L.J. and Duff G.C. (1999). Interaction of cattle health/immunity and nutrition. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 1120-1134.
Gonyou H.W. (1986). Assessment of comfort and well-being in farm animals. J. Anim. Sci. 62, 1769-1775.
Gonyou H.W. and Stricklin W.R. (1981). Eating behavior of beef cattle groups fed from a single stall or trough. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 7, 123-133.
Gonzalez L.A., Ferret A., Manteca X., Ruiz-de-la-Torre J.L., Calsamiglia S., Devant M. and Bach A. (2008). Effect of the number of concentrate feeding places per pen on performance, behavior, and welfare indicators of Friesian calves during the first month after arrival at the feedlot. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 419-431.
Grandin T. (1997). Assessment of stress during handling and transport. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 249-257.
Hickey M.C., Drennan M. and Earley B. (2003). The effect of abrupt weaning of suckler calves on the plasma concentrations of cortisol, catecholamines, leukocytes, acute-phase proteins and in vitro interferon-gamma production. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 2847-2855.
Huzzey J.M., DeVries T.J., Valois P. and Voneyserlingk M.A.G. (2006). Stocking density and feed barrier design affect the feeding and social behavior of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 126-133.
Keys J.E., Pearson R.E. and Thompson P.D. (1978). Effect of feed bunk stocking density on weight gains and feeding behavior of yearling Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 61, 448-454.
Kondo S., Kawakami N., Kohama H. and Nishino S. (1984). Changes in activity, spatial pattern and social behavior in calves after grouping. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 11, 217-228.
Leaver J.D. and Yarrow N.H. (1977). The intake of maize silage by self-fed heifers allowed restricted access. Grass Forage Sci.32, 165-169.
Longenbach J.I., Heinrichs A.J. and Graves R.E. (1999). Feed bunk length requirements for Holstein dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 99-109.
Metz J.H.M., Mekking P., Blokhuis H.J. and Branje H.E.B. (1979). Sociale effecten vande vermindering van het aantal eetplaatsen in een ligboxenstal. Bedrijfsont wikkeling. 10, 61-65.
Napolitano F., DeRosa G., Grasso F., Pacelli C. and Bordi A. (2004). Influence of space allowance on the welfare of weaned buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Livest. Prod. Sci.86, 117-124.
Nielsen B.L. (1999). On the interpretation of feeding behavior measures and the use of feeding rate as anindicator of social constraint. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 63, 79-91.
NRC. (1985). Nutrient Requirements of Sheep, 6th Ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.
Olofsson J. (1999). Competition for total mixed diets fed for ad-libitum intake using one or four cows per feeding station. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 69-79.
Reynolds V.S. and Campling R.C. (1981). Competition for feed between dairy cows. Anim. Prod. 32, 366.
SAS Institute. (2002). User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9.1 Ed. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
Steel R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. (1980). Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrical approach, 2nd Ed. Mc Graw Hill, New York, NY, USA.
Syme G.J. (1974). Competitive orders as measures of social dominance. Anim. Behav. 22, 931-940.
