مروری بر ژن های عمده مؤثر بر چند‌قلوزایی و مکانیسم های مرتبط در گوسفند

Subject Areas : Camel

ام.ام. مستهافا ¹ , اف.ام.ام.تی. ماریکار ²

1 - National Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193,China
2 - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Science, University of Rajarata, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

Received: 2013-06-25 Accepted : 2013-08-15 Published : 2014-03-01

Keywords: گوسفند‌های برولا مرینو, انتخاب فولیکولی, میزان تخمک گذاری, سودمندی,

Abstract :

هدف از این مطالعه مروری، بررسی پیشرفت­های کنونی در شناسایی ژن­های فعال در نژادهای گوسفند چند‌قلوزا و مکانیسم‌های مؤثر بر آن‌ها و بررسی فرصت­های مطالعاتی آینده در این زمینه است. هدف نهایی در پرورش حیوانات مزرعه‌ای، کسب کارآیی بوده و چندقلوزایی نیز یک ویژگی کلیدی در تعیین کارآیی حیوانات مزرعه­ای به­ شمار می­رود. نرخ تخمک­ گذاری در پستانداران یک فرآیند پیچیده بوده که تحت تأثیر ژنتیک و مسیرهای هورمونی درون­ریز است. از زمان کشف گوسفند برولا مرینو، بالا بودن توانایی­های تولیدمثلی در قالب نرخ تخمک­ گذاری بالا در اکثر نژادهای گوسفند در سرتاسر دنیا مطالعه شده است. جهش­هایی که به­صورت طبیعی رُخ داده و بر چندقلوزایی مؤثر هستند، در کروموزو­های 5، 6، 11 و X دیده می­شوند. ولی تصور می­شود که جهش­های بیشتری بر روی ژن­های مختلف در نژادهای گوسفند دارای قابلیت تخمک ­گذاری چندگانه تأثیر می­گذارند. مکانیسم­های کنترل کننده تخمک­گذاری چند گانه و چندقلوزایی در این نژادهای گوسفند هنوز به خوبی مطالعه و شناخته نشده­اند. در سال­های گذشته مکرراً نشان داده شده است که گُنادوتروپین­ها و عوامل درون تخمدانی نقش­های حیاتی و متفاوتی را در این فرآیند ایفا می­کنند. القای تنظیم هورمونی فولیکول­ها در طی فولیکول­زایی، می­تواند یکی از زمینه­های مطالعاتی در آینده باشد. در بین عوامل درون تخمدانی، سامانه پروتئین ریخت­زایی استخوان یکی از مؤلفه­های ضروری است که برای دست­ورزی فولیکول­زایی تخمدانی به ­طور وسیعی در مجامع علمی در حال مطالعه و بررسی است. علاوه بر این، وظایف بیولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی خانواده پروتئین ریخت­زایی استخوان کاملاً شناخته شده نبوده و یافته­های متناقض در بین پستانداران نیز قدری کار را پیچیده نموده و چالش­هایی را ایجاد کرده است که در آینده باید حل شوند. این مطالعه معتقد است که یک حلقه کنترل تنظیمی بین اووسیت، گرنولوزا و سلول­های تیکا از طریق خانواده TGFB وجود دارد.

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