Exogenous Polysaccharidases for Young Ruminants: A Review Interfacing Nutrition, Economics, and Health

Subject Areas : Camel

A. Nikkhah ¹

1 - Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

Received: 2010-10-01 Accepted : 2010-11-05 Published : 2011-09-01

Keywords:

References:

AndersonK.L., Nagaraja T.G. and Morrill J.L. (1987). Ruminal metabolic development in calves weaned conventionally or early. J. Dairy Sci. 70, 1000-1005.
BaldwinR.L., McLeod K.R., Klotz J.L. and Heitmann R.N. (2004). Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and postweaning ruminant. J. Dairy Sci. 87, E55-E65.
Beauchemin K.A., Rode L.M. and Sewalt V.J.H. (1995). Fibrolytic enzymes increase fiber digestibility and growth rate of steers fed dry forages. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 641-644.
BeaucheminK.A., Rode L.M., Yang Z. and McAllister T.A. (1998). Use of feed enzymes in ruminant nutrition. Proceeding of the 33^rd Pacific NorthwestNutrition Conference. Vancouver, BC. Pp. 121-135.
Beauchemin K.A., Rode L.M. and Karren D. (1999). Use of feed enzymes in feedlot finishing diets. Can.J. Anim. Sci.79, 243-246.
Beauchemin K.A., Colombatto D., Morgavi D.P. and Yang W.Z. (2003). Use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to improve feed utilization by ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 81, E37-E47.
Beauchemin K.A., Colombatto D., Morgavi D.P., Yang W.Z. and Rode L.M. (2004). Mode of action of exogenous cell wall degrading enzymes for ruminants. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 13-22.
Colombatto D., Mould F.L., Bhat M.K., Morgavi D.P., Beauchemin K.P. and Owen W. (2003a). Influence of fibrolytic enzymes on the hydrolysis and fermentation of pure cellulose and xylan by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 1040-1050.
Colombatto D., Morgavi D.P., Furtado A.F. and Beauchemin K.A. (2003b). Screening of exogenous enzymes for ruminant diets: Relationship between biochemical characteristics and in vitro ruminal degradation. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 2628-2638.
Cross M.L. and Gill H.S. (2000). Immunomodulatory properties of milk. Br. J. Nutr. 84, S81-S89.
DavisC.L. and Drackley J.K. (1998). The Development, Nutrition, and Management of the Young Calf. IowaStateUniversityPress, Ames, Iowa.
ElwoodP.C., Pickering J.E., Hughes J., Fehily A.M. and NessA.R. (2004). Milk drinking, ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke II. Evidence from cohort studies. Europ. J. Clin. Nutr. 58, 718-724.
European Union. (2003). Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the council of 22 September 2003on additives for use in animal nutrition. Off. J. Eur. Union 10/18/2003:L268/29-L268/43.
Ghorbani G.R., Jafari A. and Nikkhah A. (2005). Fibrolytic enzymes in dairy calf starter. Proceedings of the 56^th annual EAAP’s meeting, Uppsala, Sweden.
Ghorbani G.R., Jafari A., Samie A.H. and Nikkhah A. (2007a). Effect of applying exogenous, non-starch polysaccharidases to pre-weaning starter diet on performance of Holsteincalves. Int. J. Dairy Sci. 2, 79-84.
Ghorbani G.R., Kowsar R., Alikhani M. and Nikkhah A. (2007b). Soymilk as a novel milk replacer to stimulate early calf starter intake and reduce weaning age and cost. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 5692-5697.
Heinrichs A.J. and Lesmeister K.E. (2005). Rumen development in the dairy calf. Pp. 53-66. In: Calf and Heifer Rearing. Ed. P. C. Garnworthy. NottinghamUniv.Press, UK.
Hristov A.N., McAllister T.A. and Cheng K.J. (1998). Stability of exogenous polysaccharide-degrading enzyme in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 76, 161-168.
HristovA.N., McAllister T.A. and Cheng K.J. (2000). Intraruminal supplementation with increasing levels of exogenous polysaccharide-degrading enzymes: effects on nutrient digestion in cattle fed a barley grain diet.J. Anim. Sci. 78, 477-487.
Huber J.T., Silva A.G., CamposO.F. and Mathieu C.M. (1984). Influence of feeding different amounts of milk on performance, health, and absorption capability of baby calves.J. Dairy Sci.67, 2957-2963.
Ma J., Giovannucci E., Pollak M., Chan J.M., Gaziano J.M., Willett W. and Stampfer M.J. (2001). Milk intake, circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, and risk of colorectal cancer in men. J. Natl. Canc. Inst. 93, 1330-1336.
MarquardtR.R. and BedfordM.R. (2001). Future Horizons. Pp. 389-399. InEnzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition. Edited by M.R. Bedford and G.G. Parridge. CABI Publishing, CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
McAllister T.A., Oosting S.J., Popp J.D., Mir Z., Yanke L.J., Hristov A.N., Treacher R.J. and Cheng K.J. (1999). Effect of exogenous enzymes on digestibility of barley silage and growth performance of feedlot cattle. Can.J. Anim. Sci. 79, 353-360.
Morgavi D.P., Beauchemin K.A., Nsereko V.L., Rode L.M., Iwaasa A.D., Yang W.Z., McAllister T.A. and Wang Y. (2000). Synergy between ruminal fibrolytic enzymes and enzymes from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 1310-1321.
Morris T.R. (1999). Experimental Design and Analysis in Animal Sciences. Chapter 12, Repeated measures. Pp. 113-118. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
Naserian A., Saremi B. and Sari M. (2005). Using mixture enzyme as feed additive in growing diets of young Holsteincalves. J. Dairy Sci. 88,254.
NRC. (2001). National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Chapter 10: Nutrient requirements of young calf. Pp. 214-233. The 7^th rev. Ed. National Acad. Sci. Washington, DC.
Parodi P.W. (1997). The French paradox unmasked: the role of folate. Med. Hypoth. 49, 313-318.
Pfeuffer M. and Schrezenmeir J. (2000). Bioactive substances in milk with properties decreasing risk of cardiovascular diseases. Br. J. Nutr. 84, 155-159.
Rode L.M., Yang W.Z. and Beauchemin K.A. (1999). Fibrolytic enzyme supplements for dairy cows in early lactation.J. Dairy Sci. 82, 2121-2126.
Sander E.G., Warner R.G., HarrisonH.N. and Loosli J.K. (1959). The stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate and sodium propionate on the development of rumen mucosa in the young calf. J. Dairy Sci. 42, 1600-1605.
Schingoethe D.J., Stegeman G.A. and Treacher R.J. (1999). Response of lactating dairy cows to a cellulase and xylanase enzyme mixture applied to forages at the time of feeding.J. Dairy Sci. 82, 996-1003.
Sheppy C. (2001). The Current Feed Enzyme Market and Likely Trends. Pp. 1-10. InEnzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition. Edited by M.R. Bedford and G.G. Parridge. CABI Publishing, CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
Terosky T.L., Heinrichs A.J. and WilsonL.L. (1997). A comparison of milk protein sources in diets of calves up to eight weeks of age. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 2977-2983.
Toullec R. and Guilloteau P. (1989). Research into the digestive physiology of the milk-fed calf. P. 37-55. In: Nutrition and Digestive Physiology in Monogastric Farm Animals, edited by Van Weerdon E.J., Huisman J. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Tsuda H., Sekine K., Ushida Y., Kuhara T., Takasuka N., Iigo M., Han B.S. and Moore M.A. (2000). Milk and dairy products in cancer prevention: Focus on bovine lactoferrin. Mut. Res. 462, 227-233.
Van Keulen V. and Young B.H. (1977). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci. 26, 119-135.
Van Soest P. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminants. 2^nd Ed., Chapter 15: Function of ruminant forestomach. Pp. 230-252. CornellUniversityPress, Ithaca, NY.
Wallace R.J. and Hartnell G.F. (2001). Technical note: Methods for detecting liquid enzyme additives added to animal feeds.J. Anim Sci. 79, 2731-2735.
Williams P.E.V. and Frost A.J. (1992). Feeding the young ruminant. In Neonatal Survival and Growth, edited by M. Varley, P.E.V. Williams, and T.L.J. Lawrence, Occasional Publ. No. 15, 109-118. Edinburgh, UK. Br. Soc. Anim. Prod.