Facile wet chemical synthesis and characterization of zinc doped gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for enhanced photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye under illumination of UV light
                                                    
                                    
                                    Subject Areas : 
Iranian Journal of Catalysis
                                    
                                                    
                                                        Leena Vinolia Thaninki
                                                        
                                                            1
                                                        
                                                    
    ,                                                    
                                                             Arputharaj Samson Nesaraj
                                                        
                                                            2
                                                            
                                                        
                                                    
                                                    ,
                                                    
                                                        Manasai Arunkumar
                                                        
                                                            3
                                                        
                                                    
                                    
                                       
                                               1 -     a)	Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore - 641114, Tamil Nadu, India|Department of Chemistry, CMR Technical Campus, Kandlakoya, Hyderabad – 501 401, Telengana, India.
                                               
                                               2 -     a)	Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore - 641114, Tamil Nadu, India|Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Krishnankoil – 626126, Tamil Nadu, India.
                                               
                                               3 -     a)	Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore - 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
                                               
                                       
                                    
                                                    
                                                        Received: 2021-12-31
                                                    
                                                    
                                                        Accepted : 2022-07-11
                                                    
                                                    
                                                        Published : 2022-09-01
                                                    
                                    
                                    
                                        Keywords:
                                                    
                                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                        References:
                                        
                                                    
                                                    
L. Perez, G.M. Escandar, Sustain. Chem. and Pharm. 4 (2016) 1-12.
                                                    
                                                    Rahsepar, M. Pakshir, Y. Piao, H. Kim, Electrochim. Acta 71 (2012) 246–251.
                                                    
                                                    Li, Z. Lou, G. Shen, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7 (2015) 23507– 23514.
                                                    
                                                    K.M. Lane, J.B. Zimmerman, Green Chem. 21 (2019) 3769-3781.
                                                    
                                                    Senobari, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Spectrochim.Acta A Mol.Biomol. 196 (2018) 334 – 343.
                                                    
                                                    Mittal, M. Sharma, O.P.Pandey, Sol. Energy 110 (2014) 386-397.
                                                    
                                                    Wang, C. Shao, Y. Liu, X. Li, Inorg. Chem. 48 (2009) 1105-1113.
                                                    
                                                    A. Khodja, T. Sehili, J.F. Pilichowski, P. Boule, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 141 (2001) 231-239.
                                                    
                                                    Cao, W. Cai, J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (2008) 680-685.
                                                    
                                                    Atrak, A. Ramazani, S.T. Fardood, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater Electron.29 (2018) 8347-8353.
                                                    
                                                    Zhang, M. Wille, R. Rder, S. Heedt,  L. Huang,  Z. Zhu, S. Geburt, D. Grtzmacher,  T. Schpers,  C. Ronning,  J.G. Lu, Nano Lett. 14 (2014) 518–523.
                                                    
                                                    T. Fardood, R. Forootan, F. Moradnia, Z. Afshari, A. Ramazani, Mater. Res. Express 7 (2020) 015086.
                                                    
                                                    Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, E. Shahriari, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 (2014) 2719-2726.
                                                    
                                                    L. Seneviratne, I. Munaweera, S. E. Peiris, C. N. Peiris, N. Kottegoda, Iran.J.Catal. 11 (2021) 217 – 245.
                                                    
                                                    Wang, J. Li, Y. Wang, L. Zhao, J. Hazard. Mater. 196 (2011) 342–349.
                                                    
                                                    W. Xu, Y. Gao, H.Q. Liu. J. Catal. 207 (2002) 151-157.
                                                    
                                                    H. Zhang, H.L. Xu, Y.X. Xu, H.X. Zhang,  Y.G. Wang,   J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 170 (2005) 279–285.
                                                    
                                                    Derikvandi, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 348 (2017) 68– 78.
                                                    
                                                    Yousefi, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Iran. J. Catal. 11 (2021) 247 – 259.
                                                    
                                                    Jeon, J.-W. Ko, W-.B. Ko, Catalysts 11 (2021) 742.
                                                    
                                                    Dhanalakshmi, P. Senthil Kumar, S. Karuthapandian, V. Muthuraj, N. Prithivikumaran, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30 (2019) 3744 – 3752.
                                                    
                                                    Wu, C. Li, D. Zhang,  L. Wang,  X. Zhang,  Z. Shi,  Q. Lin,  J. Rare Earths 37 (2019) 845-852.
                                                    
                                                    I. Ghouri, E. Ahmed, N.R. Khalid,  M. Ahmad,  M. Ramzan,  A. Shakoor,  N.A. Niaz, J. Ovonic Res. 10 (2014)  89-100.
                                                    
                                                    B. Losovyj, D. Wooten, J.C. Santana, J.M. An, K.D. Belashchenko,  N. Lozova,  J. Petrosky,  A. Sokolov,  J. Tang,  W. Wang,  N. Arulsamy,  P.A. Dowben,   J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 (2009) 045602.
                                                    
                                                    Guo, X. Yang, T. Xiao,  W. Zhang,  L. Lou,  J. Mugnier,  Appl. Surf. Sci. 230 (2004) 215-221.
                                                    
                                                    Barrera, F. Tzompantzi,  J.C. Molina,  J.E. Casillas,  R.P. Hernandez,  S.U.Godinez, C. Velasquez,   J.A. Alatorref,   RSC Adv. 8 (2018) 3108 – 3119.
                                                    
                                                    Saafie, M. F. R. Samsudin, S. Sufian, andR. M. Ramli, AIP. Conf. Proc. 2124 (2019) 020019-1–020019-10.
                                                    
                                                    Ali, H. Zafar, M. Zia, I. U. Haq, A. R. Phull, J. S. Ali, A. Hussain, Nanotechnol. Sci. Appl. 9 (2016) 49 – 67.
                                                    
                                                    Zhang, W. Wu,  S. Yan,  G. Chu,  S. Zhao,  X. Wang,  C. Li,Appl. Surf. Sci. 344 (2015) 249 – 256.
                                                    
                                                    M. Mohamed, I.A. Mkhalid, E.S. Baeissa, M.A. Al-Rayyani, J. Nanotechnol. (2012) 329082.
                                                    
                                                    Raiser, J.P. Deville, Spectrosc. RelatPhenom. 57 (1991) 91-97.
                                                    
                                                    O. Yathisha, Y.A. Nayaka, J. Matter Sci. 53 (2018) 678–691.
                                                    
                                                    Sujatha, T. Seethalakshmi, A.P. Sudha, O.L. Shanmugasundaram, Nano-Struct. Nano-Objects, 18 (2019) 100305.
                                                    
                                                    F. Shayesteh, A. A. Dizgah, Pramana – J. Phys. 81 (2013) 319-330.
                                                    
                                                    Pal, U. Pal, J.M.G.Y. Jiménez, F.P. Rodríguez, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7 (2012) 1.
                                                    
                                                    Rajashree, A.R. Balu, V.S. Nagarethinam, Surf Eng. 31 (2015) 316- 321.
                                                    
                                                    K. Das, B.C. Heng,  S. C. Ng,  T. White,   J.S.C. Loo,  L. D’Silva,   P. Padmanabhan,  K. K. Bhakoo,  S. Tamil Selvan,  T.T.Y. Tan,Langmuir 26 (2010)  8959 – 8695.
                                                    
                                                    Bedekar, D. P. Dutta,  M. Mohapatra,  S. V. Godbole,  R. Ghildiyal, A. K. Tyagi, Nanotech.  20 (2009) 125707.
                                                    
                                                    T. Fardood, F. Moradnia, S. Moradi, R. Forootan,    F. Y. Zare, M. Heidari,Nanochem. Res. 4 (2019)140-147.
                                                    
                                                    F. Saeid, R. Ali, J.S. Woo, J. Appl. Chem. Res. 12 (2018) 8-15.
                                                    
                                                    I. Y. Tok, F. Y. C. Boey, Z. Dong, X.L. Sun, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 190 (2007) 217-222.
                                                    
                                                    K. Tamrakar, D. P. Bisen,   K. Upadhyay,   Lumin. 30 (2015) 812-817.
                                                    
                                                    Mote, Y. Purushotham, B. Dole, J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 6 (6012) 6.
                                                    
                                                    Balakrishnan, R. John, Iran. J. Catal. 10 (2020) 1-16.
                                                    
                                                    Ghattavi, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Compos.B.Eng. 183 (2020) 107712.
                                                    
                                                    Seyedi-Chokanlou, S. Aghabeygi, N. Molahasani, F. Abrinaei, Iran.J.Catal. 11 (2021) 49-58.
                                                    
                                                    K. Tamrakar, D.P. Bisen,  K. Upadhyay, N. Bramhe, J. Lumin. Appl. 1 (2014) 23-29.
                                                    
                                                    K. Tamarakar, D.P. Bisen, C.S. Robinson, I.P. Sahu, N. Brahme, Ind. J. Mater. Sci. 396147 (2014) 1-7.
                                                    
                                                    Yousefi, M.T. Mostaedi, M. Ghasemi, A. Ghadirifar, Rare Metals 34 (2015) 540-545.
                                                    
                                                    Sangmanee, S. Maensiri, App. Phy. A 97 (2009) 167-177.
                                                    
                                                    Dhananjaya, H. Nagabhushana,  B.M. Nagabhushana, B. Rudraswamy,  S. C. Sharma,  D. V. Sunitha,  C. Shivakumara, R.P.S. Chakradhar,  Spectrochim.  Acta A Mol. Biomol. 96 (2012) 532-540.
                                                    
                                                    A.M. Brabers,Phys.Status Solidi. 33 (1969) 563-572.
                                                    
                                                    Moncada, R. Quijada, J. Retuert,Nanotech. 18 (2007) 335606.
                                                    
                                                    E. Rassy, A.C. Pierre, J. Non-Cryst. Sol. 351 (2005) 1603-1610.
                                                    
                                                    Esposito, M. Turco,  G. Ramis,  G. Bagnasco,  P. Pernice,  C. Pagliuca, M. Bevilacqua,  A. Aronne. J. Solid State Chem. 180 (2007) 3341-3350.
                                                    
                                                    S. Dubey, Y.B.R.D. Rajesh, M.A. More, Mater. Today: Proc. 2 (2015) 3575–3579.
                                                    
                                                    Sharma, S.C. Brown,  G. Walter,  S. Santra,  B. Moudgil,  Adv. Colloid Interface 123–126 (2006) 471-485.
                                                    
                                                    Parthasarathi, G. Thilagavathi, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 3 (2011) 392-398.
                                                    
                                                    Srivastava, D. Gusain, Y.C. Sharma, Ceram. Int. 39 (2013) 9803-9808.
                                                    
                                                    Xiong, U. Pal, J.G. Serrano,  K.B. Ucer,   R.T. Williams,  Phys. Stat. Sol. (C) 3 (2006) 3577 - 3581.
                                                    
                                                    Azam, F. Ahmed, N. Arshi, M. Chaman, A.H. Naqvi, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1 (2009) 12-14.
                                                    
                                                    Wahab, Y.S. Kim, H.S. Shin, Mater. Trans. 50 (2009) 2092-2097.
                                                    
                                                    M. Alwan, Q.A. Kadhim,  K.M. Sahan, R.A. Ali,  R. J. Mahdi,  N.A. Kassim, A. N. Jassim,  Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5 (2015) 1-6.
                                                    
                                                    D. Liyanage, S.D. Perera,  K. Tan, Y. Chabal,   K.J. Balkus Jr.,  ACS Catal. 4 (2014) 577 – 584.
                                                    
                                                    Zhang, X. Shen,   Q. Zhang ,  J.P.Y. Maa,  G. Qiao, Cont. Shelf Res. 174 (2019) 85-94.
                                                    
                                                    Rudraswamy, N. Dhananjaya, IOP Conf. Ser: Mater. Sci. Eng. 40 (2012) 012034.
                                                    
                                                    Moradnia, S. T.Fardood, A.Ramazani, V. K. Gupta, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 392 (2020) 112433.
                                                    
                                                    T.Fardood, F.Moradnia, A. H.Ghalaichi, S.Daneshpajooh, M.Heidari, Nanochem. Res. 5 (2020) 69-76.
                                                    
                                                    Nouri, T. Khoshravesh, S. Khanahmadzadeh, A. Salehabadi, M. Enhessari, Int. J. Nano Dimens. 7 (2016) 15-24.
                                                    
                                                    Makuła, M. Pacia, W. Macyk, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 (2018) 6814–6817.
                                                    
                                                    Y. Adachi, N. Imanaka, Chem. Rev. 98 (1998)1479 – 1514.
                                                    
                                                    -H. Lin, C.-H. Weng, J.-H. Tzeng, Y.-T. Lin, Int.J.Photoenergy (2016) 3058429.
                                                    
                                                    Neena, K.K. Kondamareddy,  H. Bin,  D. Lu, P. Kumar,  R.K. Dwivedi,  V.O. Pelenovich,   X.Z. Zhao, W. Gao,  D. Fu,  Sci. Rep. 8 (2018)10691.
                                                    
                                                    Paul, P. Chetri, B. Choudhury, G. A. Ahmed,    A. Choudhury.  J. Colloid Interface Sci. 439 (2015) 54-61.
                                                    
                                                    Jeon, J.W. Ko, W.B. Ko, Catalysts 11 (2021) 742.
                                                    
                                                    Dong, K. Xu, J. Liu, H. Cui, Physica B 406 (2011) 3609 – 3612.
                                                    
                                                    Yousef, N.A.M. Barakat, T. Amna,  A.R. Unnithan,  S.S.A. Deyab,   H.Y. Kim, J. Lumin. 132 (2012) 1668 -1677.
                                                    
                                                    H. Le, A.T. Bui, T.K. Le, Powder Technol. 268 (2014) 173-176.
                                                    
                                                    M. Reza, A.S.W. Kurny, F. Gulshan, Appl. Water Sci. 7 (2017) 1569-1578.
                                                    
                                                    Saquib, M. Muneer, Dyes Pigm. 56 (2003) 37-49.
                                                    
                                                    Abdelkader, L.Nadjia, B. Ahmed,J. Chem. Eng. Process Technol. 2 (2011) 1000106 (1-9).
                                                    
                                                    Z. Bloh, Front Chem. 7 (2019) 128.
                                                    
                                                    F. Ollis, Front Chem. 6 (2018) 378.
                                                    
                                                    Casado, J. Marugán, R. Timmers, M. Muñoz, R. van Grieken, Chem. Eng J. 310 (2017) 368-380.  
                                                    
                                                    Tolosana-Moranchel, C. Pecharromán, M. Faraldos, A. Bahamonde, Chem. Eng. J. 403 (2021) 126186.
                                                    
                                                    Tolosana-Moranchel, J.A. Casas, J. Carbajo, M. Faraldos, A. Bahamonde, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 200 (2017) 164–173.
                                                    
                                                    Raeisi-Kheriabadi, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Int.J.Hydrog.Energy 45 (2020) 33381-33395.
                                                    
                                                    Sobhani-Nasab, M. Eghbali-Arani, Seyed M. Hosseinpour-Mashkani, F. Ahmadi, M. Rahimi-Nasrabadi, V.Ameri,Iran.J.Catal. 10 (2020) 91-99.
                                                    
                                                    Manikandan, K. R. Murali, R. John, Iran.J.Catal. 11 (2021) 1.
                                                    
                                                    Ghattavi, A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Int.J.Hydrog.Energy 45 (2020) 24636-24656.
                                                    
                                                    Omrani, A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Sep.Purif.Technol. 235 (2020) 116228.
                                                    
                                                    Ghattavi, A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Compos.B.Eng. 183 (2020) 107712.
                                                    
                                                    Mehrali-Afjani, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, H.Aghaei,Chem. Phys. Lett.759 (2020) 137873.
                                                    
                                                    Yousefi, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Iran.J.Catal. 11 (2021) 247 - 259.
                                                    
                                                    Salmanderis, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Desalin.Water Treat.197 (2020) 200–212.
                                                    
                                                    Jantawasu, T. Sreethawong, S. Chavadej, Chem. Eng J. 155 (2009) 223-233.
                                                    
                                                    G. Akpan, B.H. Hameed, J. Hazard. Mater. 170 (2009) 520-529.
                                                    
                                                    Saleh, N.F. Djaja,SuperlatticeMicrost. 74 (2014) 217-233.
                                                    
                                                    Pourtaheri, A.Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh,Spectrochim.Acta A Mol.Biomol. 137 (2015) 338–344.
                                                    
                                                    G. Antoniou, D.D. Dionysiou, Catal. Today 124 (2007) 215– 223.
                                                    
                                                    Rancaño, M. J. Rivero, M.Á. Mueses, I. Ortiz, Catalysts 11 (2021) 48.
                                                    
                                                    Byrappa, A.K. Subramani, S. Ananda,  K.M. Lokanatharai,  R. Dinesh, M. Yoshimura,  Bull. Mater.Sci. 29 (2006) 433-438.
                                                    
                                                    Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, M. Khorsandi, J. Hazard. Mater. 176 (2010) 629-637.
                                                    
                                                    Xu, Y. Ao, D. Fu, C. Yuan, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 334 (2009) 107-111.
                                                    
                                                    Rezaei, A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh,Int.J.Hydrog.Energy 45 (2020) 24749-24764.
                                                    
                                                    Liu, X.Z. Li, Y.J. Leng,  W.Z. Li,   J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 8988-8996.
                                                    
                                                    Li, R. Liang, A. Hu,  Z. Huang,   Y.N. Zhou,  RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 36959-36966.
                                                    
                                                    MadhukaraNaik, H.S. BhojyaNaik, G. Nagaraju, M. Vinuth, K. Vinu, R. Viswanath, Nano-Struct. Nano-Objects 19 (2019) 100322.
                                                    
                                                    Pan,   X. Liu, New J. Chem. 36 (2012) 1781-1787.
                                                    
                                                    Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, M. Karimi-Shamsabadi,Chem. Eng. Sci. 228 (2013) 631-641.
                                                    
                                                    Sharma, A. Kumar, R. K. Gautam, M.Belwal, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 18 (2018) 3532–3535.
                                                    
                                                    Liu, L. Wang, X. Lu, J. Fan, X. Cai, B. Gao, R. Miao, J. Wang, Y.Lv, RSC Adv. 7 (2017) 12292.
                                                    
                                                    S. Adly, Sh.M. El-Dafrawy, S.A. El-Hakam, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 8 (2019) 5610-5622.