اثر مکمل غذایی پودر برگ پنی ورت هندی Centella asiatica بر عملکرد رشد Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822)

Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

سودشنا  سارکر ¹ (گروه بهداشت حیوانات آبزی، دانشکده علوم شیلات، دانشگاه علوم دامی و ماهیگیری بنگال غربی، کلکته، هند)
جاسمین  سینگا ² (گروه بهداشت حیوانات آبزی، دانشکده علوم شیلات، دانشگاه علوم دامی و ماهیگیری بنگال غربی، کلکته، هند)
تانگاپالم  آبراهام ³ (گروه بهداشت حیوانات آبزی، دانشکده علوم شیلات، دانشگاه علوم دامی و ماهیگیری بنگال غربی، کلکته، هند)

Received: 2021-03-22 Accepted : 2021-07-26 Published : 2021-09-23

Keywords: Medicinal plant, Fish growth, Serum biomarkers, Carp aquaculture, Herbal fish feed,

Abstract :

Background & Aim: Centella asiatica is considered a nutraceutical and its leaves are rich in carotenoids, vitamins B and C, amino acids, carbohydrates, phenols and terpenoids. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of C. asiatica leaf powder (CP) on the growth performance of Labeo rohita.Experimental: Centella asiatica leaf powder supplemented feeds in 2 doses (1 g and 5 g) were prepared by mixing the CP in 5 mL vegetable oil, and then admixed with 1 kg each of basal pellet feed and fed to fish for 30 days at 3% body weight twice daily. The parameters like specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), serum glucose and creatinine, and the respiratory oxidative burst (ROB) activity were tested.Results: The results of the growth indices, serum biomarkers and ROB activities indicated that the CP supplementation at 1 g/kg feed was reasonably the best as it gave the higher SGR, PER and ROB activity and lower FCR. The fish fed 5 g CP/kg feed negatively affected the growth in days 30 of feeding.Recommended applications/industries: Dietary supplementation of CP at 1g/kg feed provided a positive effect on the growth of L. rohita. No significant negative effects on the serum biomarkers of stress and kidney function were noted when fed at this level. Further studies are warranted to establish adequate doses of active novel molecules for dietary supplementation rather than using the dried powder.

References:

Abraham, T.J., Sil, S.K. and Nagesh, T.S. 2020. Association of risk factors and management issues on the occurrence of diseases in carp aquaculture in West Bengal, India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society,73: 243-250.

Agme-Ghodke, V., Agme, R.N. and Sagar, A.D. 2016. Analysis of bioactive compounds in leaves extract of Centella asiatica by using HRLC-MS & IR techniques. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 8: 122-125.

Al Mamun, A. and Mahmud, A.I. 2014. Study on the growth performance and production of juvenile Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and their hybrids. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 9(3): 92-108.

Austin, B. and Austin, D.A. 2016. Bacterial fish pathogens: disease of farmed and wild fish. Heidelberg, Springer.

Bilen, S., Kenanoglu, O.N., Terzi, E., Ozdemir, R.C. and Sonmez, A.Y. 2019. Effects of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) and common mallow (Malva sylvestris) plant extracts on growth performance and immune response in Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 512: 734251.

Bulfon, C., Galeotti, M., and Volpatti, D. 2018. Medicinal plant extracts modulate respiratory burst and proliferation activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 44(1): 109-117.

Citarasu, T. 2010. Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquaculture International, 18(3): 403-414.

Department of Fisheries. 2020. Handbook on Fisheries Statistics 2020. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Govt. of India. Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi. pp176.

FAO, 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en

Gandotra, R., Kumari, R., Sharma, M. and Singh, D. 2017. Growth response of juveniles of rohu, Labeo Rohita to different levels of lipid in the diet. Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries, 8(210): 2-5.

Harikrishnan, R., Balasundaram, C. and Heo, M.S. 2011. Impact of plant products on innate and adaptive immune system of cultured finfish and shellfish. Aquaculture, 317(1-4): 1-15.

Hosen, M.H.A., Sarker, K., Chhanda, M.S. and Gupta, N. 2019. Effects of water depth on growth performance of Indian major carps at a polyculture system in Bangladesh. International Journal of Aquaculture and Fishery Sciences, 5(3): 014-021.

Idris, F.N. and Mohd Nadzir, M. 2021. Comparative studies on different extraction methods of Centella asiatica and extracts bioactive compounds effects on antimicrobial activities. Antibiotics, 10(4): 457-461.

Inamdar, P.K., Yeole, R.D., Srivastava, M.M. and De Souza, N.J. 1996. Stability study of the active constituents in the Centella asiatica extract formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 22(3): 211-216.

Jaganath, I.B. and Teik, N.L. 2000. Herbs: The Green Pharmacy of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Vinpress Sdn Bhd and Malaysia Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur.

Jantwal, A., Durgapal, S., Upadhyay, J., Rana, M., Tariq, M., Dhariwal, A. and Joshi, T. 2021. Centella asiatica. In: Naturally occurring chemicals against Alzheimer's disease, Chapter 3.2.5. Belwal, T, Nabavi, S.M., Nabavi, S.F., Dehpour, A.R. and Shirooie, S. (Eds.), Academic Press, pp. 257-269.

Jayasankar, P. 2018. Present status of freshwater aquaculture in India-A review. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 65(4): 157-165.

Junge, W., Wilke, B., Halabi, A. and Klein, G. 2004. Determination of reference intervals for serum creatinine, creatinine excretion and creatinine clearance with an enzymatic and a modified Jaffe method. Clinica Chimica Acta, 344(1-2): 137-148.

Kaleeswaran, B., Ilavenil, S. and Ravikumar, S. 2012. Changes in biochemical, histological and specific immune parameters in Catla catla (Ham.) by Cynodon dactylon (L.). Journal of King Saud University-Science, 24(2): 139-152.

Kalita, D. and Saikia, J. 2012. Ethonomedicinal, antibacterial and antifungal potentiality of Centella asiatica, Nerium indicum and Cuscuta reflexa-widely used in Tiwa tribe of Morigaon district of Assam, India. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 4(3): 380-385.

Kandeepan, C. 2014. Heamatological and biochemical parameters on few fresh water south Indian teleosts. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(9): 1015-1022.

Karnatak, G., Das, B.K., Mishal, P., Tayung, T., Kumari, S., Sarkar, U.K., Das, A.K. and Ali Y. 2021. Impact of stocking density on growth, feed utilization and survival of cage reared minor carp, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) in Maithon reservoir, India. Aquaculture, 532: 736078.

Khan, M. A., Jafri, A. K., Chadha, N. K. and Usmani, N. 2003. Growth and body composition of rohu (Labeo rohita) fed diets containing oilseed meals: partial or total replacement of fish meal with soybean meal. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(6): 391-396.

Kulkarni, R. and Pruthviraj, C. B. 2016. Blood creatinine and some enzyme levels in four species of Indian carp fishes collected from a local aquatic body. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 60: 13-17.

Moyle, P.B. and Cech, J.J. 1996. An introduction to ichthyology. 3rd edition. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, USA.

NFDB, 2020. Annual report 2019-20. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India.

Punturee, K., Wild, C. P., Kasinrerk, W. and Vinitketkumnuen, U. 2005. Immunomodulatory activities of Centella asiatica and Rhinacanthus nasutus extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 6(3): 396-400.

Raissy, M., Ghafarifarsani, H., Hoseinifar, S.H., El-Haroun, E.R., Naserabad, S.S. and Doan, H.V. 2022. The effect of dietary combined herbs extracts (oak acorn, coriander, and common mallow) on growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidant and immune response, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture, 546(2022): 737287.

Rattanachaikunsopon, P. and Phumkhachorn, P. 2010. Use of Asiatic pennywort Centella asiatica aqueous extract as a bath treatment to control columnaris in Nile tilapia. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 22(1): 14-20.

Reverter, M., Bontemps, N., Lecchini, D., Banaigs, B. and Sasal, P. 2014. Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapy: current status and future perspectives. Aquaculture, 433: 50-61.

Roberts, R.J. 2012. Fish pathology. 4^th edition. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA.

Sahoo, P.K., Rauta, P.R., Mohanty, B.R., Mahapatra, K.D., Saha, J.N., Rye, M. and Eknath, A.E. 2011. Selection for improved resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Indian major carp Labeo rohita: Survival and innate immune responses in first generation of resistant and susceptible lines. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 31(3): 432-438.

Sen, S.S., Giri, S.S. and Sukumaran, V. 2014. Immune responses and protection in rohu vaccinated against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture International, 22(5): 1637-1648.

Shalini, S., Ishwar, S. and Vimala, Y. 2013. In vivo and in vitro enhancement of asiaticoside in Centella asiatica (L.) urban. International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 3(4): 178-181.

Sharma, A., Deo, A.D., Riteshkumar, S.T., Chanu, T.I. and Das, A. 2010. Effect of Withania somnifera (L. Dunal) root as a feed additive on immunological parameters and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 29(3): 508-512.

Srichaiyo, N., Tongsiri, S., Hoseinifar, S.H., Dawood, M.A., Jaturasitha, S., Esteban, M.Á., Ringø, E. and Van Doan, H. 2020. The effects gotu kola (Centella asiatica) powder on growth performance, skin mucus, and serum immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Aquaculture Reports, 16: 100239.

Tiwari, C.B. and Pandey, V.S. 2014. Studies of hematology and histology in Labeo rohita infected with cutaneous columnaris disease. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 114(1): 151-157.

Trinder, P. 1969. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 6(1): 24-27.

Van Doan, H., Hoseinifar, S.H., Sringarm, K., Jaturasitha, S., Khamlor, T., Dawood, M.A., Esteban, M.Á., Soltani, M. and Musthafa, M.S. 2019. Effects of elephant's foot (Elephantopus scaber) extract on growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 93: 328-335.