nutrient digestibility

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1 - Performance of Lactating Sahiwal Cows Fed Corn Stovers Ensiled with Molasses, Urea and Lime Solution
F. Ahmad N.A. Tauqir A. Faraz I. Asghar F. Wadood M.N. Tahir M.N. Mujahid

To explore the advantages of feeding corn stover silage treated with molasses, urea and lime solution in lactating Sahiwal cows on milk production 25 lactating cows were divided into 5 groups according to randomized complete block design to test the performance of 5 dif أکثر

To explore the advantages of feeding corn stover silage treated with molasses, urea and lime solution in lactating Sahiwal cows on milk production 25 lactating cows were divided into 5 groups according to randomized complete block design to test the performance of 5 different silages: 1) hybrid corn silage (HCS), 2) corn stover silage (CSS), 3) corn stover ensiled with 6% molasses (CSMS), 4) corn stover ensiled with 6% molasses and 0.3% urea (CSMUS) and 5) corn stover ensiled with 4% lime solution (CSCaoS) for 15 days. Sahiwal cows were kept in separate sheds for individual feeding. Sahiwal cows fed hybrid corn silage were served as control. All the silages were offered at ad libitum intake. Dairy ration containing 17.5% crude protein and 74% total digestible nutrients was also offered at the rate of half of milk produced. Animals were weighed at beginning of experiment and fortnightly thereafter. A 5 days digestion experiment was performed through complete assortment of excreta (urine and feces) at last week of investigation. Blood was also collected for the analysis of blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose. Intake of dry matter (DM) was significantly better in Saiwal cows reared on hybrid corn silage (HCS; control) followed by those fed CSS, CSMS, CSMUS and significantly lower in those fed CSCaoS. Intake of DM was similar in cows reared on CSS, CSMS, CSMUS. Milk production of animals reared on HCS was apparently higher than those reared on other treatments. Cows reared on CSS had lower milk production while those reared on CSMUS produced higher milk fat as compared to other treatments. Although the effect was negligible but plasma glucose and urea were observed within the locus interval for all treatments. Cows reared on HCS had higher dry matter (DM) and crude fibre (CF) digestibilities while it was lower in those fed CSCaoS. Nutrient digestibility was similar in CSS, CSMS and CSMUS. It was concluded that corn stover silage with molasses or molasses plus urea can replace the corn silage successfully for sustainable performance of lactating Sahiewal cows. تفاصيل المقالة

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2 - Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Eggshell Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
S.E. Alu

One hundred and eighty 28-days-old Arbor Acres broiler birds were utilized in a 28 day experiment to investigate the effect of replacing bone ash with eggshell meal in the diet of broiler birds on their nutrient digestibility and blood parameters. Five experimental diet أکثر

One hundred and eighty 28-days-old Arbor Acres broiler birds were utilized in a 28 day experiment to investigate the effect of replacing bone ash with eggshell meal in the diet of broiler birds on their nutrient digestibility and blood parameters. Five experimental diets tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were formulated to be isocaloric (2865.53 kcal ME/kg) and isonitrogenous (20% crude protein) such that eggshell meal replaced bone ash at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The birds were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments and replicated twice giving a total of eighteen birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The study showed that the haematological parameters were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments except for Corpuscular Haemoglobin which were best (P<0.05) at T5 (47.95 pg) and T3 (45.60 pg) and followed by those fed T1 (42.85 pg), T2 (42.20 pg) and T4 (43.40 pg). Similarly, values obtained for Mean Corpuscular Volume were improved (P<0.05) in birds fed T5 (148.45 fl) followed by those fed T3 (142.95 fl) and T4 (140.45 fl). Serum urea, glucose, triglyceride and total protein were not (P>0.05) influenced by the treatments. Ten 28-days old birds with similar live body weight were paired and randomly assigned to five dietary treatments tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 which were compounded to contain the same composition as those used in the blood studies. The birds were housed in cages and fed such that each group passed through the five treatments by rotation in a Latin Square Design arrangement. Feed and faecal samples were taken for proximate analysis. The results of the proximate analysis of the oven-dried faeces were used to compute the coefficient of digestibility of the nutrients. The results obtained showed that digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and nitrogen-free extract were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. It is therefore, recommended that since there was no deleterious and adverse effect of including eggshell meal in the diets on the blood parameters and digestibility of the nutrients, farmers can use eggshell meal as a major source of dietary calcium in broiler’ diets. تفاصيل المقالة

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3 - The Effect of Trace Mineral Source on Nutrients Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters
A. Abdian Samarin M.A. Norouzian A. Afzalzadeh

This study was conducted to compare the effect of organic versus inorganic sources of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mn and Co) on nutrient digestibility in lambs and in vitro gas production parameters. In experiment 1, 18 Zandi male lambs (initial body weight (BW), 28.5&plusm أکثر

This study was conducted to compare the effect of organic versus inorganic sources of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mn and Co) on nutrient digestibility in lambs and in vitro gas production parameters. In experiment 1, 18 Zandi male lambs (initial body weight (BW), 28.5±1.4 kg) were randomly assigned to either a basal diet with no trace mineral supplement (control diet), basal diet supplemented with trace minerals sulfates, basal diet supplemented with mineral-amino acid complex. In experiment 2, in vitro gas production was used to estimate in vitro fermentation parameters of the experimental treatments. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (CP) were not affected by treatments. However, supplementation with either mineral supplements decreased digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P<0.05). Organic mineral supplementation decreased rate of gas production (P<0.05), however asymptotic gas production (b) and effective digestibility were not different among the groups. Results of this study show that supplementation of trace elements does not affect the in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters and nutrients digestibility. تفاصيل المقالة

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4 - Effect of Ground or Whole Wheat and Triticale on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, Gastrointestinal Tract Traits and Nutrient Digestibility of Laying Japanese Quails
ن. بختیاری معز س. میرزایی گودرزی ع.ا. ساکی ا. احمدی

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ground or whole wheat and triticale on productive performance, egg quality, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and nutrient digestibility in laying Japanese quails. A total of 210 laying Japanese quails at 18 to 26 أکثر

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ground or whole wheat and triticale on productive performance, egg quality, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and nutrient digestibility in laying Japanese quails. A total of 210 laying Japanese quails at 18 to 26 weeks of age were used. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with five treatments: a control diet was based on corn and soybean meal, two grain sources (wheat and triticale) and two physical forms of grain (ground and whole). Each treatment was replicated 6 times and the experimental unit was a cage with 7 birds each. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by grain source, except for the average daily feed intake (ADFI), which was decreased by triticale but not wheat (P=0513). Average daily feed intake and egg production were higher in the group fed with whole grain versus the group fed with ground grain (p <0.05). Yolk color decreased by wheat or triticale compared with the control group (p <0.05). Relative weights of the liver, proventriculus, pancreas, gizzard and cecum were not affected by any of the treatments. The pH of the jejunum (P=0.0014), cecum (p <0.05), and intestinal viscosity increased (p <0.001) by feeding whole than ground grain. Dry matter digestibility (p <0.01), decreased by triticale but not wheat (p <0.05). In conclusion, ground triticale inclusion in the diet had a negative effect on ADFI, egg production and nutrient digestibility but feeding whole grain improved the productive performance and dry matter digestibility in laying quails. تفاصيل المقالة

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5 - Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Rosemary Leaf Meal on General Performance, Carcass Traits, Organ Sizes and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens
M.C. Ogwuegbu C.E. Oyeagu H.O. Edeh C.E. Dim A.O. Ani F.B. Lewu

The effect of sodium butyrate, rosemary meal and oxytetracycline supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, visceral organs sizes and nutrient digestibility of broilers was investigated. A total of 320 one-day-old male “Arbor acres strain&rdqu أکثر

The effect of sodium butyrate, rosemary meal and oxytetracycline supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, visceral organs sizes and nutrient digestibility of broilers was investigated. A total of 320 one-day-old male “Arbor acres strain” broiler chicks were allotted to 10 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 8 birds each. The treatments include: T1: basal diet (BD; negative control), T2: BD + 1 g/kg diet of oxytetracycline (positive control), T3: BD + 2 g sodium butyrate (SB)/kg diet, T4: BD + 4 g SB/kg diet, T5: BD + 2.5 g rosemary meal (RM)/kg diet, T6: BD + 5.0 g RM/kg diet, T7: BD + 2 g SB + 2.5 g RM/kg diet, T8: BD + 2 g SB + 5.0 g RM/kg diet, T9: BD + 4 g SB + 2.5 g RM/kg diet and T10: BD + 4 g SB + 5.0 g RM/kg diet. Birds fed T3, T4, and T5 had the highest (p <0.05) body weight with an improved feed conversion ratio. The dressed weight, breast weight and drumstick/thigh weight were better (p <0.05) for birds fed T3, T4 and T5. The weights of gizzard, liver and lungs were higher for birds fed T3, while, the length of small and large intestine were lower for birds fed T3, T4, and T5. The digestibility of the crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat and dry matter were higher (p <0.05) for birds fed T3, T4, and T5. It was concluded that, T3, T4, and T5 can be safely included for an improved performance; cut yields and nutrient digestibility. They also accelerated the development of health promoting (heart, kidney, and liver) and immune related (spleen) organs. تفاصيل المقالة

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6 - Effects of Sodium Bentonite on Blood Parameters, Feed Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Male Balouchi Sheep Fed Diet Contaminated by Diazinon, an Organophosphate Pesticide
م.ه. اعظمی ع.م. طهماسبی و. فروهر ع.ع. ناصریان

The remnants of pesticides in livestock feeds have been increased by excessive using of these pesticides so as to meet extreme demands for more feeds. Finding a new strategy for reducing pesticides negative effects is absolutely necessary. Therefore, evaluation of the e أکثر

The remnants of pesticides in livestock feeds have been increased by excessive using of these pesticides so as to meet extreme demands for more feeds. Finding a new strategy for reducing pesticides negative effects is absolutely necessary. Therefore, evaluation of the effects of sodium bentonite on blood parameters, feed digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters in sheep fed diets contaminated by diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, was the aim of this study. Eight canulated male Balouchi sheep (40±2 kg) assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in four 21-day-period. Treatments were: 1) control group, 2) control + 4% sodium bentonite, 3) control + 21 ppm diazinon and 4) control + 4% sodium bentonite + 21 ppm diazinon. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were not affected by treatments. Sodium bentonite decreased pH variation after feeding. Ammonia nitrogen of rumen liquor was the same among treatments before feeding however 3 and 6 hours after feeding, amount of ammonia nitrogen was significantly higher in groups fed pesticide contaminated diets (P<0.05). Hemoglobin, white blood cells and hematocrit were not affected by treatments but red blood cells and acetylcholinesterase activity were significantly reduced in groups fed pesticide contaminated diets (P<0.05). Results of present study showed that using sodium bentonite as a binder was effective to reduce negative effects of diazinon on pH variation and acetylcholinesterase activity and it has no effect on hemoglobin, white blood cells, hematocrit and nutrient digestibility. Therefore, sodium bentonite can be used as an effective diazinon binder in sheep diet. تفاصيل المقالة

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7 - Effect of Water Deprivation and Drinking Saline Water on Performance, Blood Metabolites, Nutrient Digestibility, and Rumen Parameters in Baluchi Lambs
و. وثوقی-پوستین دوز ع. طهماسبی ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولی زاده ه. ابراهیمی

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of water deprivation and drinking saline water on the performance, blood metabolites, and nutrient digestibility of Baluchi lambs. To this aim, 20 lambs, 170 ± 5 days of age, and with 31 ± 2.8 kg bodyweight, أکثر

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of water deprivation and drinking saline water on the performance, blood metabolites, and nutrient digestibility of Baluchi lambs. To this aim, 20 lambs, 170 ± 5 days of age, and with 31 ± 2.8 kg bodyweight, were assigned to four groups according to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) free access to water during the day with a low total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, 2) access to half their pervious ad libitum water intake with a low TDS concentration, 3) free access to water during the day with a high TDS concentration and 4) access to half their pervious ad libitum water intake with high TDS concentration and the experiment lasted 42 days. Results showed that the restricted access to water led to significant effect on dry-matter intake, average daily gain, water consumption and ratio of water consumption to feed intake, aldosterone hormone, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol, triglyceride, packed cell volume (PCV) concentration, serum chloride, potassium and sodium, rumen pH, digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP) and organic matter, fecal output and urine exertion (P<0.05). Also drinking saline water had significant effects on dry-matter intake, average daily gain, water consumption and ratio of water consumption to feed intake, serum sodium and urine exertion (P<0.05), while either water restriction nor saline water had any significant effect on other measured parameters of experimental-group lambs (P>0.05). The results indicated that lambs can subsist under water deprivation and drinking saline water for at least 28 days without harmful effects. تفاصيل المقالة

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8 - Effect of Amylolytic and Cellulolytic Enzymes on Whole Plant Corn Silage: Characteristics of Silage and Animal Digestion
J.R. Gandra A.T. Nunes E.R. Oliveira M.S.J. Silva C.A. Pedrini F.S. Machado E.R.S. Gandra P.V.C. Mendes A.G.S. Pause

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of adding exogenous enzymes to silage on fermentative losses and profile, aerobic stability, chemical composition, in vitro degradation, microbial quality, and nutrients intake and digestibility. Treatments were control (CON أکثر

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of adding exogenous enzymes to silage on fermentative losses and profile, aerobic stability, chemical composition, in vitro degradation, microbial quality, and nutrients intake and digestibility. Treatments were control (CON); addition of exo-1,4-α-glycosidase glucoamylase (GLU); addition of β-glucan 4-glucanhydrolase (CEL); and GLU + CEL. CEL increased (P≤0.038) gas losses and effluents production, CEL and GLU decreased (P=0.039) DM recovery compared to control but not differ from GLU + CEL. CEL silage had higher (P≤0.021) starch and crude protein and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P≤0.032), while GLU had higher (P=0.001) acid detergent fiber (ADF). CEL showed lower (P=0.012) ethanol content and higher (P=0.02) anaerobic bacteria counts, while GLU showed higher (P=0.012) lactate concentration and lower (P≤0.002) counts of bacteria and fungi. Lambs fed with CEL presented higher (P≤0.012) digestibility coefficients for DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and NDF. Decrease on DM recovery indicates no improvements on the nutritive value of silage. On the other hand, cellulolytic enzyme positively affected animal digestion. تفاصيل المقالة

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