فهرس المقالات age groups

• حرية الوصول المقاله
  • صفحة الملخص
  • نص كامل
  
  1 - Mapping Leisure and Life through the Ages in Iran
  Gholamreza Ghaffary
  The leisure is a new phenomenon has emerged of the industrial revolution and socio-economic developments of the current world. How the people of a society spend their leisure times could in a large extent show the cultural characteristics and lifestyle of the community. أکثر

  The leisure is a new phenomenon has emerged of the industrial revolution and socio-economic developments of the current world. How the people of a society spend their leisure times could in a large extent show the cultural characteristics and lifestyle of the community. The most important aspects of the lifestyle which emerged of urban development and modernity, is the mode of spending the leisure time. The leisure time is the product of growing urbanization and mechanization. In ancient Iran the leisure time was only for the wealthy and elite class. But gradually, it was generalized to lower and middle classes. The leisure time especially in lower and middle classes of society was spent in the home and with family. It was largely informal and to be passed to companion and dialog with relatives, friends and neighbors. But gradually, as the official definition of working time, particularly for medium to high social classes who were employed in the administrative system, working time apart from leisure time. So the leisure time has been valued and even officially protected by law in the form of paid and official leave. Separation of work and leisure time, the increasing use of vehicles that have provided the possibility of population mobility and mass media like press, radio, cinema and television in particular have caused to more importance of the leisure time. The Iranian society in transition from agriculture to the modern era, gradually are familiar with the leisure phenomenon and its features. In this paper studied situation leisure time in Iran. Since the regular statistical survey has not been conducted about the issue in Iran, the longitudinal study and comprehensive plans of different ages even different age groups, is not possible. In this article tried to demonstrate how different age groups spend the leisure time in Iran, based on available statistical data which mostly limited to the specific surveys have been conducted on a national scale in the past two decades. The age has significant effect on the level of individual participation in the leisure activities, but this effect varies depending on the individual characteristics and the type of activity. The Survey of youth attitudes and values shows that there is a significant different between the average of leisure time during the week for different age groups of young people. The young people spend their leisure, can change over the time. Some studies have shown that young people spend less time with their family although this case for girls is different. However in this field there is the significant difference between different age groups. The results of survey of measuring Iranian values and attitudes (2003) shows that the main activities in the leisure time are respectively the study, the use of media (audio, video and electronics) and the rest. The survey data also show a significant difference between the activities in different age groups. So that in the age group of 15 to 29 years the use of the media has the highest portion and the religious Affairs has the lowest portion. While in the age group of 30 to 49 years the study has the highest portion and the exercise has the lowest portion and for the age group of 50 years and older, the portion increased from the exercise to the resting. Iranian society is a young society and the leisure time is one of the major facing problems in this society. The young people experience more travel in comparison with the other age groups. Moreover, the results of researches which conducted at provincial scale show the significant difference between the travel destinations of young people and the older demographic groups. It seems that the modes of spending the leisure time will change in different generations. The change in the styles of spending the leisure time hasn’t been happened only in Iran's urban population. But also this change is seen in the rural community which now covers 40 percent of the population. The survey done on the rural community shows that changing in the social and economic base of the respondents leads to changing in the favorite leisure activities. So by the promotion of this base, the tendency to pilgrimage and excursions trips will increase. However Iranian society is a young society and the leisure time is one of the major facing problems in this society. We need to production more data within longitudinal systematic surveys .That can help that researchers presented more accurate and comprehensive analysis of situation leisure time in Iran. تفاصيل المقالة
• حرية الوصول المقاله
  • صفحة الملخص
  • نص كامل
  
  2 - مشابهت‌ها و تفاوت‌های داستان‌های کودک و بزرگسال
  مریم خلیلی جهانتیغ صغری رحیمی
  اگرچه همة داستان ها با گسترش طرح و شاخ و برگ بخشیدن به آن خلق می‌شوند، لیکن نحوة به کارگیری پیرنگ آنها با توجه به گروه سنی خوانندگان آن متفاوت است. نویسنده ای که سر و کارش با کودکان می افتد، بالاجبار، برای ارتباط با مخاطبان خویش زبان کودکی می گشاید و آن که برای گروه های أکثر

  اگرچه همة داستان ها با گسترش طرح و شاخ و برگ بخشیدن به آن خلق می‌شوند، لیکن نحوة به کارگیری پیرنگ آنها با توجه به گروه سنی خوانندگان آن متفاوت است. نویسنده ای که سر و کارش با کودکان می افتد، بالاجبار، برای ارتباط با مخاطبان خویش زبان کودکی می گشاید و آن که برای گروه های سنی بزرگ تر می نویسد، پیرنگ داستان خویش را نیز بر اساس نیازهای سنی همان گروه به کار می گیرد. در این نوشتار سعی شده است نحوة استفاده از پیرنگ داستان هایی که برای کودکان آفریده می شود با نحوة به کارگیری داستان هایی که برای بزرگسالان پی افکنده می شوند مورد مقایسه قرار گیرد. تفاصيل المقالة
• حرية الوصول المقاله
  • صفحة الملخص
  • نص كامل
  
  3 - بررسی گروه‌های مختلف سنی ماندگار در روستاهای در معرض ماسه (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان هیرمند، استان سیستان و بلوچستان)
  میثم بندانی محمودرضا میرلطفی سیدامیرمحمد علوی زاده معصومه کمان باز مسلم معین‌زاده
  مهاجرت و جابجایی مکانی انسان ها، یکی از پدیده های مهم جمعیتی است که همواره مورد توجه اندیشمندان علوم مختلف بوده است. ماندگاری روستاییان در روستاها و ساختار سنی جمعیت نیز تابعی از عوامل مختلف از جمله؛ عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و به خصوص طبیعی بوده که خود عامل مهم تأ أکثر

  مهاجرت و جابجایی مکانی انسان ها، یکی از پدیده های مهم جمعیتی است که همواره مورد توجه اندیشمندان علوم مختلف بوده است. ماندگاری روستاییان در روستاها و ساختار سنی جمعیت نیز تابعی از عوامل مختلف از جمله؛ عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و به خصوص طبیعی بوده که خود عامل مهم تأثیرگذار بر مهاجرت های روستا- شهری می باشد. ناحیه سیستان نیز با توجه به موقعیت خاص طبیعی و سیاسی، همواره به عنوان مکان دافعه جمعیت، شاهد مهاجرت روستاییان به شهرها و دیگر نقاط کشور بوده است. با وجود شرایط سخت طبیعی برخی از گروه های سنی حاضر به ترک زادگاه و محل سکونت خود نیستند و نسبت به آن احساس تعلق دارند. با این دیدگاه هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی گروه های سنی ماندگار در نواحی روستایی در معرض ماسه شهرستان هیرمند می‌باشد. روش تحقیق مبتنی بر بررسی منابع اسنادی، بررسی‌های میدانی و تکمیل پرسش نامه بوده است. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS تحلیل شده اند. یافته ها نشان می‌دهد بالاترین میانگین ماندگاری مربوط به گروه سنی 41 تا 50 سال و پس از آن 31 تا 40 سال می باشد. و کمترین میانگین ماندگاری را گروه سنی زیر 20 سال و 21 تا 30 سال دارند. می توان چنین بیان نمود که افراد 30 تا 50 سال که در میانه زندگی هستند، ماندگاری بیشتری نسبت به گروه سنی جوانان دارند. همچنین از بین عوامل مؤثر بر ماندگاری روستاییان، عوامل اقتصادی از جمله؛ داشتن زمین کشاورزی بیشترین میزان را به خود اختصاص داده است. از این رو پیشنهاد می شود از طریق ارائه تسهیلات و وام های کم بهره توسط دولت به کشاورزان، ایجاد فرصت های شغلی، ارائه تسهیلات مالی جهت بهسازی و ساخت مسکن امن و مناسب، تسهیلات رفاهی، آموزشی و بهداشتی، موجبات ماندگاری روستاییان در گروه های سنی مختلف در این ناحیه فراهم گردد. تفاصيل المقالة
• حرية الوصول المقاله
  • صفحة الملخص
  • نص كامل
  
  4 - An Inquiry into Intersemiotic Translation of Children's Books: A Case Study of Illustration and Rendition
  Nastaran Habibian Alireza Ameri
  The present study was an attempt to find out whether there were any exclusive strategies regarding illustration in the rendition of children‟s illustrated books. Further, it investigated whether the existing intersemiotic models were sufficiently responsive to the deman أکثر

  The present study was an attempt to find out whether there were any exclusive strategies regarding illustration in the rendition of children‟s illustrated books. Further, it investigated whether the existing intersemiotic models were sufficiently responsive to the demands of Iranian translators and children. Cases of the study included three children‟s illustrated story books for age groups B and C (Group B-children in the first grades of primary school/ Group C- children in the last grades of primary school) in two formats (the first one the original book, the second one the translated book). The utilized method for conducting this qualitative research was Grounded Theory. The research instruments were semi-structured interview and content analysis. The intersemiotic model of translation propounded by Aguiar and Quieroz and the hermeneutic approach of Steiner were chosen as the study framework. The interviewees were among stakeholders of children‟s literature; illustrators, translators and publishers. The findings revealed that there are no exclusive strategies as regards illustration. In addition, although the existing intersemiotic models are acceptable as foundational models, these models do not provide sufficient utility to decode every interfering factor in translation of children‟s illustrated books. Ultimately, the research resulted in a novel model for rendition of the children‟s illustrated books. تفاصيل المقالة