فهرس المقالات Livestock production

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  1 - Extent of Rural Women’s Participation in Agricultural Activities
  Muhammad Luqman Ejaz Ashraf Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hussan Tahir Munir Butt Naveed Iftikhar
  Rural women in Pakistan, under a small holding system of farming, play a pivotal role in farming. They actively participate in a range of activities related to crop production and livestock management. Rural women remain busy from dawn to dusk in various agricultural ac أکثر

  Rural women in Pakistan, under a small holding system of farming, play a pivotal role in farming. They actively participate in a range of activities related to crop production and livestock management. Rural women remain busy from dawn to dusk in various agricultural activities, including pre-harvest, post-harvest and livestock management. Their participation is well dispersed but less perceived because of insufficient data to show their active involvement in various agricultural activities. Keeping these points in mind, this study was designed to explore the extent of women’s participation in various agricultural activities in district Bahawalpur (Southern Punjab, Pakistan). A total of 125 rural women were selected through multistage random sampling technique and interviewed with a well-designed, pre-tested interview schedule, and the data was analyzed using SPSS. The results of the data analysis revealed that rural women’s participation level was at the top (M=2.87 and SD=0.42) in picking of cotton while their participation level was found low (M=1.78 and SD=0.88) in broadcasting of seed/fertilizer among different crop production and management related activities. While on the other hand their extent of participation was found at the top (M=2.90 and SD=0.30) in cleaning of animal’s sheds and found low (M=2.02 and SD=0.83) in calf rearing among different livestock production and management which were being performed by rural women. Regarding daily time given by rural women to perform various crop production, livestock production and household activities majority of rural women they devote>than 8 hours in a day to perform these activities as reported by 27.2%, 32.8% and 76.8% of the respondents, respectively. It is recommended that national commission should be established to recognize and documented the participation of rural women at various national and international forums. It is also recommended that women training wing should be established at national level under the supervision of district administration to train rural women in different areas of crop and livestock production so that they can contribute in a better way in the national economy. تفاصيل المقالة
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  2 - Livestock Production at the Nexus of Resources Competition and Ethnoreligious Cynicism in Nigeria–Implicative Analysis on Food Security
  Akeem Sikiru
  Nigeria is one of the most malnourished and hunger ridden in the league of developing countries; according to reports of Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of United Nations estimated daily animal protein intake for developing countries averaged at 4.5 g/head/day أکثر

  Nigeria is one of the most malnourished and hunger ridden in the league of developing countries; according to reports of Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of United Nations estimated daily animal protein intake for developing countries averaged at 4.5 g/head/day at the beginning of this century which has hardly risen to 10 g/head/day into the second decade of the century in Nigeria. This calls for an increase in the supply of animal protein to address the poor intake, but Nigeria’s animal protein supply depends on pastoral livestock production on extensive natural grassland. This production system is under challenges of climate and poor production techniques; hence government effort towards improvement via the establishment of grazing reserves is a way out. Therefore, this paper discusses Nigerian livestock production, climate change effects on Nigeria livestock production and its social implications, including food insecurity. We also consider sources of ethnoreligious violence linked to livestock production in Nigeria, grazing reserve bills (proposed legislation) in Nigeria the proponents, the opponents and what are the pitfalls the rationale for modification and re-introduction of grazing reserves bill in Nigeria and the potential of some models such as the Taylor Grazing Reserve Act of the United States of America. تفاصيل المقالة
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  3 - Simulation Model for a Nomadic Animal Production System in Southern Iran
  Gh. R. Badjian Dahlan Ismail M. Sh. Othman A.A. Mehrabi
  The first motive for the determination and evaluation of an energy productionsystem is the need to change. Such system is dynamic in nature and is influenced bymany factors such as age and physiological status of individual sheep or goat, quantityand quality of availabl أکثر

  The first motive for the determination and evaluation of an energy productionsystem is the need to change. Such system is dynamic in nature and is influenced bymany factors such as age and physiological status of individual sheep or goat, quantityand quality of available feed and environment including the management systems.Traditional pastoral resource assessments do not always account for the complex,interrelated nature of land, forage and livestock. Modeling may overcome the limitationsof traditional methods by improving the understanding of complex pastoral systems, andmakes fast repetitive analyses, spanning time, incorporating variability and representingmore realistically complex interactions possible within the system. The estimated valuesof metabolisable energy for maintenance and production in this study are based on theresults of two feeding systems linked together by grazing the energy intake in theNomadic Production System (NPS) and the dynamic system modeling used to study theassessment of these complex systems. In this study, validation of model relied on theobservations of Torki Ghashghaii (TG) sheep (like those in Bakkan) under pen-fed andintegrated rangeland-cropland feeding systems, and was carried out mainly by studyingthe body weight gain of growing animals and also body weight changes of ewes due topregnancy and lactation. After validation, the study indicated that the mean value ofactual data of male and female lambs (weaners) and ewes were in close agreement withthe simulated data. These results validate the generalized structure of energy utilizationmodels of grazing sheep under production sub- systems of NPS. These results will enablethe prediction of carrying capacities in any given situation under conditions similar tothose in Bakkan. تفاصيل المقالة