بررسی مشکلات زیست محیطی عدم رعایت حریم رودخانهها و راهکارهای کاهش آن
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستهانیه هاشم وند 1 , مریم ایلانلو 2 , علی اصغر قاسمی فیروز آبادی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد، گروه حقوق محیط زیست، واحد الکترونیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه جغرافیا، واحد ماهشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماهشهر، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - گروه محیط زیست، واحد میبد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میبد، ایران.
کلید واژه: سیل, حریم, رودخانه, قوانین و مقرارت.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: افزایش تجاوز به بستر و حریم رودخانهها به یک فرابحران تبدیل شده است. این تجاوز به شیوههای گوناگونی مانند ایجاد و احداث اعیانی‌های غیرمجاز، برداشت غیرقانونی و بیرویه شن و ماسه، تخریب رودخانه، تخلیه نخاله و زباله، حفر چاه و غیره صورت می‌پذیرد. عوامل متعددی اعم از وضع قوانین نامناسب، ضعف نظام اجرایی و مشکلات سیستم قضایی در بروز معضلات مزبور نقش اساسی داشته است. هدف پژوهش، بررسی مشکلات زیست محیطی عدم رعایت حریم رودخانهها و راهکارهای کاهش آن می‌باشد. روش بررسی: این پژوهش از نوع پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی و تحقیقی محسوب می‌شود چون به یافته‌های جدید دست می‌یابیم.از آنجا که به تعیین و شناسایی مشکلات زیست‌محیطی عدم رعایت حریم رودخانهها می‌پردازد، از نوع کاربردی به شمار می‌رود. روش گردآوری داده‌ها، کتابخانه‌ای است. برای گردآوری اطلاعات با مراجعه به سازمان‌های مربوطه از جمله وزارت نیرو، منابع آب و خاک اطلاعات مورد نیاز مربوط به حریم رودخانهها در سال‌های ۱۳۸۰ تا ۱۴۰۰ گردآوری گردید. بخشی از اطلاعات تصاویر ماهواره‌ای و هوایی به دست آمده است. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان می‌دهد اجرای ناقص قانون توزیع عادلانه آب و آییننامههای مربوطه، چندگانگی مدیریت بر بستر و حریم رودخانهها، وجود خلاءهای قانونی، فقدان سند مالکیت برای بستر رودخانهها و دادرسی ناکارآمد آب در قبال متجاوزین سبب شده تا این ثروت عمومی جولانگاه تجاوز و تصرف قرار گیرد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: مهمترین نتیجه حاصل از این پژوهش عبارت است این که، یکی از مهمترین دلایل وقوع سیل و آبگرفتگی عدم رعایت حریم رودخانه در مناطق مختلف سطح کشور می‌باشد.
Background and Objective: The increase in encroachment on the bed and privacy of rivers has become a meta-crisis. This encroachment takes place in various ways, such as the creation and construction of unauthorized mansions, illegal and indiscriminate sand harvesting, river destruction, draining sewage and garbage, digging wells, etc. Several factors, including inappropriate laws, the weakness of the executive system, and the problems of the judicial system, have played a major role in the occurrence of these problems. The purpose of the research is to investigate the environmental problems of not respecting the privacy of rivers and the solutions to reduce it. Material and Methodology: This research is considered as descriptive-analytical research because we get new findings. Since it deals with determining and identifying the environmental problems of not respecting the boundaries of rivers, it is considered to be of an applied type. The data collection method is a library. In order to collect information, by referring to the relevant organizations, including the Ministry of Energy, Water and Soil Resources, the necessary information related to the boundaries of rivers was collected in the years 1380 to 1400. Part of the information of satellite and aerial images has been obtained. Findings: The results of the research show that the incomplete implementation of the law on fair distribution of water and the relevant regulations, the multiple management of the river bed and the boundaries, the existence of legal loopholes, the lack of ownership documents for the river bed, and ineffective water proceedings against the trespassers have caused this public wealth of Jolangah. be invaded and occupied. Discussion and Conclusion: The most important result of this research is that one of the most important reasons for the occurrence of floods and inundation is the non-observance of river boundaries in different regions of the country.
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