مروری بر تأثیر اعتیاد به مواد مخدر بر روی عملکرد و ساختار مغز بر مبنای تحلیل سیگنال‌های الکتروانسفالوگرام
الموضوعات :
عاطفه توبیها
1
,
ندا بهزادفر
2
,
محمد رضا یوسفی
3
,
همایون مهدوی نسب
4
1 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران
2 - مرکز تحقیقات پردازش دیجیتال و بینایی ماشین- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران
3 - مرکز تحقیقات ریزشبکه‌های هوشمند- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران
4 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: استخراج ویژگی, اعتیاد, سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام, طیف قدرت,
ملخص المقالة :
اعتیاد به مواد مخدر سبب ایجاد تغییرات ساختاری و عملکردی در مغز انسان می‌گردد و می‌توان آن را به عنوان یک بیماری مزمن در نظر گرفت. تاکنون مطالعات مختلفی جهت بررسی اعتیاد بر روی سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام (EEG) انجام شده که از نظر روش، شرایط تجربی، نمونه‌ها و نتایج متفاوت هستند. بررسی مطالعات قبلی و روش‌های تجربی جهت بررسی بهتر مسائل و چالش‌های موجود در طراحی مطالعات اعتیاد ضروری است. سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام، به عنوان یک ابزار غیرتهاجمی دارای توانایی بالقوه جهت بررسی فعالیت عملکردی و شناختی مغز است. از الکتروانسفالوگرام می‌توان جهت بررسی ارتباط تغییرات ایجاد شده در مغز در اثر مصرف مواد مخدر استفاده کرد. در این مقاله به بررسی تغییرات ایجاد شده در سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام در اثر مصرف مواد و همچنین پس از ترک مواد مخدر اشاره خواهد شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مصرف مواد مخدر سبب کاهش پردازش توجه و ایجاد اختلالات عملکردی و ناهنجاری‌های مغزی می‌گردد. در افراد معتاد افزایش فعالیت زیرباندهای بتا و دومین زیرباند آلفا، تأخیر در رخداد و کاهش دامنه P300 مشاهده شده است. همچنین نسبت توان زیرباند آلفا به تتا در T6 کاهش نشان داده و اختلاف معنا دار در زیرباند دلتا به زیرباند آلفا در نسبت توان مشاهده شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که ولع و سابقه مصرف مواد افراد بر توان سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام تأثیر می‌گذارد. فعالیت عصبی در زیرباند آلفای افرادی که اعتیاد را ترک کرده‌اند نیز به طور معنی داری در لوب پاریتال (BA3 و BA7)، لوب فرونتال (BA4 و BA6) و لوب لیمبیک (BA24) ضعیف‌تر است.
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