روش حفاظت هماهنگ بر مبنای کنترل امپدانس مجازی برای ریزشبکه‌های حلقوی
الموضوعات :
حامد کریمی
1
,
بهادر فانی
2
,
غضنفر شاهقلیان
3
1 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
2 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
3 - مرکز تحقیقات ریز شبکه های هوشمند- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: منابع تولید پراکنده, ریزشبکه حلقوی, هماهنگی حفاظتی, رله اضافه جریان,
ملخص المقالة :
حضور منابع تولید پراکنده اینورتری در سیستم‌های قدرت در مقابل مزایای متعدد آن، می‌تواند باعث ایجاد عدم هماهنگی در عملکرد سیستم حفاظتی گردد. در این مقاله یک راه کار مناسب، مستقل از تنظیمات رله‌ها، به منظور حل مشکلات حفاظتی ریزشبکه‌های جزیره‌ای اینورتری با آرایش حلقوی ارائه گردیده است. حضور منابع تولید پراکنده اینورتری، تغییر جهت و دامنه‌ی جریان خطا در سطح ریزشبکه را موجب می‌شود. این مساله در ریزشبکه‌ها با آرایش حلقوی بیشتر به چشم می‌خورد. بنابراین طرح‌های حفاظتی متداول که یک مسیر واحد و یک سطح جریان خطای بالا را در مقایسه با جریان بار در نظر می‌گیرند، ممکن است دچار مشکل شوند. یک عامل مهم برای طراحی مناسب یک سیستم حفاظتی برای ریزشبکه‌ها، سهم جریان خطای تزریقی منابع اینورتری است. در این مقاله استراتژی حفاظت بر مبنای کنترل اینورتر منابع ارائه می‌گردد و از رله‌های اضافه جریان معمولی با منحنی مشخصه‌ی یکسان استفاده شده است. هنگامی که یک خطای اتصال کوتاه در ریزشبکه رخ دهد، یک استراتژی محدود کننده جریان وفقی با استفاده از حلقه امپدانس مجازی اعمال می-گردد. در این حالت سهم جریان خطای هر منبع با توجه به موقعیت خطا کنترل می‌شود و منابع نزدیکتر به خطا جریان خطای بزرگتری تولید می‌کنند. بنابراین جریان عبوری از تجهیزات حفاظتی نزدیکتر به خطا بیشتر از سایر تجهیزات موجود در ریزشبکه می‌شود و بدون نیاز به برقراری ارتباط بین تجهیزات حفاظتی هماهنگی حفاظتی تضمین می‌شود.
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_||_[1] M. Salari, F. Haghighatdar-Fesharaki, “Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generations and capacitors for reliability improvement and power loss minimization in distribution networks”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 11, no. 43, pp. 83-94, Autumn 2020..
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[3] W. Huang, N. Zhang, J. Yang, Y. Wang, C. Kang, "Optimal configuration planning of multi-energy systems considering distributed renewable energy", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1452-1464, March 2019 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2767860).
[4] G. Shahgholian, "Analysis and simulation of dynamic performance for DFIG-based wind farm connected to a distrubition system", Energy Equipment and Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 117-130, June 2018 (doi: 10.22059/EES.2018. 315 31).
[5] S. Yang, P. Wang, Y. Tang, L. Zhang, "Explicit phase lead filter design in repetitive control for voltage harmonic mitigation of VSI-based islanded microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 817-826, Jan. 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2570199).
[6] J. Faiz, G. Shahgholian, M. Ehsan, “Stability analysis and simulation of a single‐phase voltage source UPS inverter with two‐stage cascade output filter”, European Transactions on Electrical Power, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 29-49, Jan. 2008 (doi: 10.1002/etep.160).
[7] R. Kolluri, I. Mareels, T. Alpcan, M. Brazil, J. Hoog, D. Thomas, “Power sharing in angle droop controlled microgrids”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4743-4751, Nov. 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2672569).
[8] B. Keyvani-Boroujeni, G. Shahgholian, B. Fani, "A distributed secondary control approach for inverter-dominated microgrids with application to avoiding bifurcation-triggered instabilities", IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3361-3371, Dec. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2020.2974756).
[9] B. Fani, M. Dadkhah, A. Karami, “Adaptive protection coordination scheme against the staircase fault current waveforms in PV-dominated distribution systems”, IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol.12, no. 9, May 2018 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0586).
[10] B. Khajeh-Shalaly, G. Shahgholian, “A multi-slope sliding-mode control approach for single-phase inverters under different loads”, Electronics, vol. 5, no. 4, Oct. 2016 (doi: 10.3390/electronics5040068).
[11] S. D. Kermany, M. Joorabian, S. Deilami, M. A. S. Masoum, "Hybrid islanding detection in microgrid with multiple connection points to smart grids using fuzzy-neural network", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 2640-2651, July 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2617344).
[12] H. Pan, Q. Teng, D. Wu, "MESO-based robustness voltage sliding mode control for AC islanded microgrid", Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 83-93, June 2020 (doi: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000013).
[13] D. E. Olivares, A. Mehrizi-Sani, A. H. Etemadi, C. A. Canizares, R. Iravani, M. Kazerani, A. H. Hajimiragha, O. Gomis-Bellmunt, M. Saeedifard, R. Palma-Behnke, G. A. Jiménez-Estévez, N. D. Hatziargyriou, “Trends in microgrid control”, IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1905-1919, July 2014 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2295514).
[14] S. Zamanian, S. Sadi, R. Ghaffarpour, A. Mahdavian, “Inverter-based microgrid dynamic stability analysis considering inventory of dynamic and static load models”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 11, no. 44, pp. 91-109, Winter 2021 (in Persian).
[15] Y. C. C. Wong, C. S. Lim, M. D. Rotaru, A. Cruden, X. Kong, "Consensus virtual output impedance control based on the novel droop equivalent impedance concept for a multi-bus radial microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 1078-1087, June 2020 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2020.2972002).
[16] L. Che, X. Zhang, M. Shahidehpour, A. Alabdulwahab, Y. Al-Turki, "Optimal planning of loop-based microgrid topology", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1771-1781, July 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2508058).
[17] L. Xindong, M. Shahidehpour, “Protection scheme for loop-based microgrid”, IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1340-1349, May 2017 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2626791).
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[19] F. Mumtaz, I. S. Bayram, “Planning, operation, and protection of microgrids: An overview”, Energy Procedia, vol. 107, pp. 94-100, Feb. 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.137).
[20] P. T. Manditereza, R. C. Bansal, “Protection of microgrids using voltage-based power differential and sensitivity analysis”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 118, Article Number: 105756, June 2020 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105756).
[21] M. A. Redfern, H. Al-Nasseri, “Protection of micro-grids dominated by distributed generation using solid state converters”, Proceeding of the IEEE/DPSP, pp. 670–674, Glasgow, UK, Mar. 2008 (doi: 10.1049/cp:20080119).
[22] N. Villamagna, P. A. Crossley, "A CT saturation detection algorithm using symmetrical components for current differential protection", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 38-45, Jan. 2006 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.848654).
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[24] H. Nikkhajoei, R. H. Lasseter, “Microgrid fault protection based on symmetrical and differential current components”, Public Interest Energy Research, California Energy Commission, Dec. 2006.
[25] S. Kar, S.R. Samantaray, “Time-frequency transform-based differential scheme for microgrid protection”, IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 310-320, Feb. 2014 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0180).
[26] S. R. Samantaray, G. Joos, I. Kamwa, “Differential energy based microgrid protection against fault conditions”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ ISGT, Washington, DC, USA, Jan. 2012 (doi: 10.1109/ISGT.2012.6175532).
[27] W. Huang, T. Nengling, X. Zheng, C. Fan, X. Yang, B. J. Kirby, "An impedance protection scheme for feeders of active distribution networks", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1591-1602, Aug. 2014 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2322866).
[28] E. Casagrande, W. L. Woon, H. H. Zeineldin, D. Svetinovic, “A differential sequence component protection scheme for microgrids with inverter-based distributed generators”, IEEE Trans. Smart grid, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 29-37, Jan. 2014 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2251017).
[29] N. Yadav, N. R. Tummuru, "A real-time resistance based fault detection technique for zonal type low-voltage dc microgrid applications", IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 6815-6824, Nov.-Dec. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/TIA.2020.3017564).
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