CAD Model and Finite Element Analysis of a Knee Brace for General Applications
الموضوعات :
Shayan Babaeifard
1
(Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran)
Mohammad Saadat
2
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch. Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran)
Amirhossein Badami
3
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch. Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Simulation, Finite Element, CAD Model, Knee Brace,
ملخص المقالة :
One of the main problems in sports medicine in today’s world is knee injuries. Champions of various sports fields often suffer from common knee injuries, such as injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, middle cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament of the knee, or meniscus. In this paper, a knee brace for general applications is modeled and its stress and strain analysis is calculated with the help of software. First, the displacement of the knee brace with ABAQUS software is investigated. By moving toward the top of the knee brace, the amount of displacement decreases. So that at least the amount of displacement is in the upper part of the knee brace. In the next part, the amount of strain and strain for this knee brace is investigated. The amount of stress in the upper part of the knee brace is higher than in other places. Additionally, the amount of strain for this knee brace is determined, the knee brace in the upper part, on the inner side of the knee brace, bears more strain. The results show that this knee brace can be easily produced and considered for different applications.
[1] Abulhasan, J.F. and Grey, M.J. 2017. Anatomy and physiology of knee stability. Journal of Functional Morphology and kinesiology. 2(4): 34.
[2] Wu, Z., Yang, M., Xia, Y. and Wang, L. 2023. Mechanical Structural Design and Actuation Technologies of Powered Knee Exoskeletons: A Review. Applied Sciences. 13(2):1064.
[3] Logerstedt, D.S., Ebert, J.R., MacLeod, T.D., Heiderscheit, B.C., Gabbett, T.J. and Eckenrode, B.J. 2022. Effects of and Response to Mechanical Loading on the Knee. Sports Medicine. 52: 201–235.
[4] Brockmeyer, M., Orth, P., Höfer, D., Seil, R., Paulsen, F., Menger, M.D., Kohn, D. and Tschernig, T. 2019. The anatomy of the anterolateral structures of the knee—A histologic and macroscopic approach. The Knee. 26(3): 636-646.
[5] Liechti, D.J., Dean, R.S. and Larson, C.M. 2022. Clinical and Radiographic Workup of Medial and Lateral Knee Ligament Injuries. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine. 30(2):150909.
[6] Hill, J.R., Apostolakos, J.M., Dy, C.J. and McCarthy, M.M. 2022. Nerve injury after knee arthroscopy, acl reconstruction, multiligament knee, and open knee surgery. Peripheral Nerve Issues after Orthopedic Surgery: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention, Evaluation and Treatment (Available online). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84428-8_15
[7] Sodhi, N., Jacofsky, D.J., Chee, A. and Mont, M.A. 2021. Benefits of CT scanning for the management of knee arthritis and arthroplasty. The Journal of Knee Surgery. 34(12):1296-1303.
[8] Richardson, K.L., Teague, C.N., Mabrouk, S., Nevius, B.N., Ozmen, G.C., Graham, R.S., Zachs, D.P., Tuma, A., Peterson, E.J., Lim, H.H. and Inan, O.T. 2022. Quantifying Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity using a Multimodal Sensing Knee Brace. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 69(12): 3772-3783.
[9] Palmas, G., Bachynskyi, M., Oulasvirta, A., Seidel, H.P. and Weinkauf, T. 2014. MovExp: A versatile visualization tool for human-computer interaction studies with 3D performance and biomechanical data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. 20(12):2359-2368.
[10] Kisner, C., Colby, L.A. and Borstad, J. 2017. Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. F.A. Davis.
[11] Nagai, K., Nakanishi, Y., Kamada, K., Hoshino, Y. and Kuroda, R. 2021. Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Collateral Ligaments of the Knee. Orthopaedic Biomechanics in Sports Medicine (Available online). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81549-3_24.
[12] Vaswani, A. and Shrivastava, S. 2019. CAD modeling and finite elemental design of indigenous knee brace. Sādhanā. 44: Article number: 14.
[13] Zhang, L., Liu, G., Han, B., Wang, Z., Li, H. and Jiao, Y. 2020. Assistive devices of human knee joint: A review. Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 125:103394.
[14] Kakileti, B., Bhanudas, A. and Reddy, D.A. 2023. Role of MRI in the evaluation of ligamentous injuries in traumatic knee joint. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine. 9(1), 51–56
[15] Larsen, E., Jensen, P.K. and Jensen, P.R., 1999. Long‐term outcome of knee and ankle injuries in elite football. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 9(5): 285-289.
[16] Rand, J.A., 1985. Arthroscopic management of degenerative meniscus tears in patients with degenerative arthritis. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 1(4): 253-258.
[17] Becker, R., Kopf, S. and Karlsson, J. 2013. Loading conditions of the knee: what does it mean? Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 21: 2659-2660.
[18] Abbasi‐Kesbi, R., Fathi, M., Najafi, M. and Nikfarjam, A. 2023. Assessment of human gait after total knee arthroplasty by dynamic time warping algorithm. Healthcare Technology Letters. 10(4): 73-79.
[19] Akhavanhezaveh, A. and Abbasi‐Kesbi, R. 2021. Diagnosing gait disorders based on angular variations of knee and ankle joints utilizing a developed wearable motion sensor. Healthcare Technology Letters. 8(5): 118-127.
[20] Zare, E., Mohammadi, S.M. and Abbasi Kesbi, R. 2020. A portable motion sensor to measure the movements of runners for biomechanics analysis. Journal of Bioengineering Research. 2(4):12-22.
[21] Abbasi-Kesbi, R., Asadi, Z. and Nikfarjam, A. 2020. Developing a wireless sensor network based on a proposed algorithm for healthcare purposes. Biomedical engineering letters. 10(1): 163-170.
[22] Abbasi‐Kesbi, R., Memarzadeh‐Tehran, H. and Deen, M.J. 2017. Technique to estimate human reaction time based on visual perception. Healthcare technology letters. 4(2):73-77.
[23] Valipour, A. and Abbasi-Kesbi, R. 2017. A heartbeat and respiration rate sensor based on phonocardiogram for healthcare applications. Proceedings of Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE.
[24] Abbasi‐Kesbi, R., Valipour, A. and Imani, K. 2018. Cardiorespiratory system monitoring using a developed acoustic sensor. Healthcare technology letters. 5(1): 7-12.
[25] Abbasi‐Kesbi, R. and Nikfarjam, A. 2017. Denoising MEMS accelerometer sensors based on L2‐norm total variation algorithm. Electronics Letters. 53(5): 322-324.
[26] Abbasi‐Kesbi, R., Nikfarjam, A. and Akhavan Hezaveh, A. 2018. Developed wearable miniature sensor to diagnose initial perturbations of cardiorespiratory system. Healthcare technology letters. 5(6): 231-235.
[27] Di Miceli, R., Marambio, C.B., Zati, A., Monesi, R. and Benedetti, M.G. 2017. Do knee bracing and delayed weight bearing affect mid-term functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? Joints. 5(04): 202-206.
[28] Möller, E., Forssblad, M., Hansson, L., Wange, P. and Weidenhielm, L. 2001. Bracing versus nonbracing in rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized prospective study with 2-year follow-up. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 9: 102-108.
[29] Styf, J.R., Lundin, O. and Gershuni, D.H. 1994. Effects of a functional knee brace on leg muscle function. The American journal of sports medicine. 22(6): 830-834.
[30] Pietrosimone, B.G., Grindstaff, T.L., Linens, S.W., Uczekaj, E. and Hertel, J. 2008. A systematic review of prophylactic braces in the prevention of knee ligament injuries in collegiate football players. Journal of Athletic Training. 43(4): 409-415.
[31] Abbasi-Kesbi, R. and Nikfarjam, A. 2018. A miniature sensor system for precise hand position monitoring. IEEE Sensors Journal. 18(6): 2577-2584.
[32] Abbasi-Kesbi, R., Nikfarjam, A. and Memarzadeh-Tehran, H. 2016. A patient-centric sensory system for in-home rehabilitation. IEEE Sensors Journal. 17(2): 524-533.
[33] Nokhodchi, N., Sadeghi, H. and Ebrahimi Takamjani, I. 2019. Effect of Soft Neoprene Knee Sleeve on Effective Kinematic Variables on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Risk Factors in Male Wrestlers After Reconstructive Surgery with Hamstring Tendon Autograft. Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation. 8(2): 37-46.
[34] Nokhodchi, N., Farjad Pezeshk, S.A. and Khoshbaten, M. 2020. Comparative Effects of Patellar Taping and Patella Stabilizer Neoprene Knee Sleeve on Knee Joint Position Sense in Active Men with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 9(4): 114-123.
[35] Nejati, V. 2008. Effect of Soft Knee Support on Dynamic and Static Balance in the Male Elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 3(2): 581-588.
