بررسی اتنوفارماکولوژی و تنوع در اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی برخی از گونه‌های جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) در رویشگاه‌های شمال ایران

الموضوعات :

مینا دردی ¹ , سارا خراسانی نژاد ² , خلیل قربانی ³ , محسن فرهادپور ⁴

1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان
2 - استادیار و عضوهیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3 - دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
4 - پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه داروئی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

تاريخ الإرسال : 07 الإثنين , ربيع الأول, 1444 تاريخ التأكيد : 29 الأربعاء , ربيع الثاني, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 08 السبت , ربيع الأول, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: آنتی‌اکسیدان, بنفشه, اتنوفارماکولوژی, فنل‌کل, فلاونوئیدکل, توده رویشگاه,

ملخص المقالة :

در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تنوع اتنوفارماکولوژیکی، اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی 16 توده از جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) از 16 رویشگاه در شمال و شمال‌غرب ایران (استان‌های گلستان، مازندران، اردبیل، آذربایجان‌شرقی و کرمانشاه)، تحقیقی بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار صورت پذیرفت. اطلاعات اتنوفارماکولوژی از مردم محلی به‌دست آمد و نمونه‌های گیاهی در بهار 1398 در زمان گلدهی، از رویشگاه‌های مذکور جمع‌آوری شدند. بررسی اجزای عملکرد ، ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی نمونه ها به روشهای اسپکتوفوتومتری، ABTS و DPPH موردسنجش قرار گرفتند. نتایج اتنوفارماکولوژیکی نشان داد در بیشتر مناطق از فراورده‌های بنفشه به‌عنوان ضد‌التهاب و ضد‌ویروس در درمان سرفه و سرماخوردگی کاربرد دارد. نتایج نشان داد ویژگی‌های رویشگاه روی تمامی اجزای عمکرد و صفات فیتوشیمیایی اندازه‌گیری‌شده، دارای اثر معنی‌داری بوده است به طوری‌که با افزایش ماده آلی و عناصرغذایی خاک میزان کلروفیل و وزن خشک اندام هوایی نمونه‌ها افزایش پیدا کرد. همچنین با افزایش ارتفاع میزان ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی با روش‌های ABTS و DPPH، فنل‌کل و فلاونوئیدکل در اندام هوایی افزایش پیدا کرد و نتایج تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نیز نتایج به‌دست آمده را تایید کرد. در کلاستربندی که براساس دو عامل اجزای عملکرد و فیتوشیمیایی انجام شد، مشخص شد در فاصله 0/2 اقلیدسی تجزیه کلاستر برای ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی، به 14 دسته و برای اجزای عملکرد به 9 دسته تقسیم شدند. نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای نیز نشان داد که ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و ادافیکی رویشگاه اثر بسیار زیادی بر اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی در گیاه بنفشه دارد که میتواند تعیین‌کننده الگوی مناسب کشت باشند.

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