بررسی تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی اسانس و عملکرد رشد گیاه دارویی Thymus daenensis Celak. تحت تأثیر نور و اسید سالیسیلیک
الموضوعات :
لیلا عبدی
1
,
حمیدرضا اصغری
2
,
مجید تولیت ابوالحسنی
3
,
محمدرضا عامریان
4
,
حسنعلی نقدی بادی
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران
3 - استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران
4 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران
5 - دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران
تاريخ الإرسال : 27 الثلاثاء , ربيع الأول, 1443
تاريخ التأكيد : 19 الثلاثاء , شعبان, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 27 الإثنين , ربيع الثاني, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
اسانس,
اسید سالیسیلیک,
آویشن,
تیمول,
نور,
کارواکرول,
ملخص المقالة :
در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس و عملکرد رشد آویشن دنایی Thymus daenensis Celak. متأثر از نور و اسید سالیسیلیک، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای مورد آزمایش شامل محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح (0/2-0 مولار) و دو سطح نوری (100-50 درصد) لحاظ شد. به‌منظور ایجاد 50 درصد سایه دهی از تورهای مخصوص استفاده شد. میزان کاهش نور در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد توسط لوکس متر اندازه‌گیری و محلول پاشی گیاهان قبل از شروع گل دهی انجام گرفت. اسانس سرشاخه‌های گلدار گیاه با استفاده از دستگاه تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) استخراج و ترکیبات اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه GC-MS شناسایی گردید. بیشترین میزان عملکرد اسانس مربوط به سرشاخه‌های گلدار به‌ترتیب از تیمار 0/1 مولار اسیدسالیسلیک 33/35 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 24/33 سانتی‌متر و از تیمار نور کامل 32/50 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 22/47 سانتی‌متر بدست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (5/2 میلی‌گرم در گرم)، کلروفیل b (1/98 میلی‌گرم در گرم) و تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی (180/35 عدد) به واسطه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 1/0 مولار × تیمار 50 درصد نور به‌طور معنی‌داری در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. میزان اسانس با افزایش شدت نور کاهش یافت و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک سبب بهبود این صفت گردید. به‌طوری‌که با شدت نور کامل به کمترین میزان 1/95 درصد رسید و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار سبب افزایش درصد اسانس (3/1) نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بیشترین اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس آویشن با کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار × تیمار50 درصد نور شامل کارواکرول (4/4 درصد)، پارا- سیمن (14/6 درصد)، بتا- کاریوفیلین (5/95 درصد) می‌باشد. همچنین بیشترین میزان تیمول مربوط به تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار (59/66 درصد) و نور کامل (57/8 درصد) بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک بر بهبود ویژگی‌های کیفی و کمی اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس گیاه آویشن دنایی تأثیر مثبتی دارد.
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Adams, R.P. 2001. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corporation Carol Stream. IL.
Ade–Ademilua, E.O., Obi, H.O. and Craker, L.E. 2013. Growth and essential oil yield of African Basil. Ocimum gratissimum. under light and water stress. Journl of Medicinally active plants, 1 (4): 142-149.
Al-Mariri, A., Swied, G., Oda, A. and Al Hallab, L. 2013. Antibacterial activity of Thymus syriacus essential oil and its components against some Syrian Gram-negative bacteria isolates. Iran J. Med. Sci., 38(2): 180-186.
Arnon, A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agron. J, 23:112-121.
Bakry, B.A., El Hariri, D.M., Mervat. S.S. and El Bassiouny, H.M.S. 2012. Drought stress mitigation by foliar application of salicylic acid in two linseed varieties grown under newly reclaimed sandy Aoil. Journal of applied sciences research, 7: 3503-3514.
Baj, T., Baryluk, A., and Sieniawska, E. 2018. Application of mixture design for optimum antioxidant activity of mixtures of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Ind. Crops Prod, 115: 52–61.
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Chen, J.W., Kuang, S.B., Long, G.Q., Yang, S.C., Meng, Z.G., Li, L.G., Chen, Z.J. and Zhang, G.H. 2016. Photosynthesis light energy partitioning and photoprotection in the shade-demanding species Panax notoginseng under high and low level of growth irradiance. Functional Plant Biology, 43: 479-491.
DebMandal, S.M. 2016. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oils, in: V. Preedy (Ed.), Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, Academic Press, London, UK, pp, 825–834.
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Figurera, P., Marely, G., Rocha, N.E. and Reynosa, R. 2014. Effect of chemical elicitors on peppermint (Mentha piperita) plants and their impact on the metabolite profil and antioxidant capacity of resulting infusion. Food Chemistry, 156: 273-278.
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Li, H., Xu, H., Zhang, P., Gao, M., Wang, D., and Zhao, H. 2017. High temperature effects on D1 protein turnover in three wheat varieties with different heat susceptibility. Plant Growth Regulation, 81: 1-9.
Li, G., Zhang, W., Benoit, F. and Ceustermans, N. Effects of environment factors on the growth and incidence of blossom-end rot in soilless Capsicum fructescens var. grossum. Acta Hort, 633: 382–389.
Li, Y., Yang, Y., Hu, Y., Liu, H., He, M., Yang, Z., Kong, F., Liu, X., and Hou, X. 2019. DELLA and EDS1 form a feedback regulatory module to fine-tune plant growth–defense tradeoff in Arabidopsis. Mol. Plant, 12: 1485-1498.
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Li, P., Huang, Z., Li, P., Fang, B., Chu, S. and Guo, H. 2017. A tripartite amplification loop involving the transcription factor WRKY75, salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species accelerates leaf senescence. Plant Cell, 29:2854–2870.
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Nourruzi Shahri, F., Pouryousef, M., Tavakkoli, A., Saba, J. and Yazdinezhad, A.R. 2015. Evaluation of the function of some native fennel masses (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) of Iran under drought stress. Journal of Iranian Crop Science, 46(1): 49-56.
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