ارزیابی و مقایسه مهم‌ترین متابولیت‌های ثانویه عصاره متانولی اندام‌های مختلف گیاه Cynara Scolymus L. تحت تاثیر تنش آبی و تراکم کاشت

الموضوعات :

منوچهر طهماسبی ¹ ( دانشجوی دکترا، گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس دانشگاهی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران. )
یوسف حمیداوغلی ² ( گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران )
محمدباقر رضایی ³ ( استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. )
علیرضا حسینی ⁴ ( ستادیار، گروه مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام ، ایلام، ایران. )

تاريخ الإرسال : 18 الأربعاء , شوال, 1441 تاريخ التأكيد : 30 الثلاثاء , ربيع الثاني, 1442 تاريخ الإصدار : 06 السبت , ربيع الثاني, 1442

الکلمات المفتاحية: تنش خشکی, تراکم, کلروژنیک اسید, آرتیشو, کافئیک اسید,

ملخص المقالة :

در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی و مقایسه مهم‌ترین ترکیبات فنلی دارویی در عصاره اندام‌های مختلف کنگرفرنگی (Cynara Scolymus L.)تحت خشکی و تراکم، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله–ایلام و طی سال‌های زراعی 95-1394 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (100، 75، 50 و 25 درصد نیاز آبی) به عنوان عامل اصلی و تراکم در چهار سطح (10، 20، 30 و 40 هزار بوته در هکتار به ترتیب با فواصل 2، 1، 67/0 و 5/0 متر در طول و 5/0 متر بین ردیف) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. برگ و غنچه در سال دوم برداشت و پس از خشک شدن در دمای محیط جهت استخراج عصاره استفاده شد. شناسایی و میزان نارنجین، کافئیک و کلروژنیک اسید با استفاده از دستگاه HPLC مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش تنش رطوبتی باعث کاهش 78 و 11 درصدی میزان نارنجین نسبت به شاهد در عصاره غنچه و برگ شد. بیش‌ترین میزان کافئیک اسید در عصاره برگ (74/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم ماده خشک) و اثر متقابل آبیاری کامل و تراکم 10 هزار بوته مشاهده شد. خشکی باعث افزایش بیوسنتز کافئیک و کلروژنیک اسید غنچه شد اما در اثر متقابل با تراکم، فقط کلروژنیک اسید در تنش شدید آبی و تراکم 10 هزار بوته بیش‌ترین مقدار را داشت. بین عصاره اندام‌های مصرفی، کافئیک اسید و نارنجین در عصاره برگی و کلروژنیک اسید در عصاره غنچه بیش‌ترین مقدار را داشتند.

المصادر:

1. Abbaszadeh, B. and Ramezan, Gh. 2016. The effect of drought stress on yield content and percentage of essential oil of Nepeta pogonosperma under different plant density. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31(6): 1071-1085.


2. Afshon, I., Jahansuz, M.R., Hosseini, M.B. and Moghadam, H. 2018. The effect of different tillage methods and planting density on yield and yield components of soybean cultivars (Glycine max) in Karaj. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 49(2): 105-113.


3. Ahmadizadeh, M., Valizadeh, M., Zaefizadeh, M. and Shahbazi, H. 2011. Antioxidative protection and electrolyte leakage in durum wheat under drought stress condition. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 7(3): 236-246.


4. Akbari, Sh., Kafi, M. and Rezvani, Sh. 2017. The effect of drought stress and plant density on Biochemical and characterestics of two garlic (Allium sativum L.) ecotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 14(2): 644-665.


5. Allahdadi, M. and Mosharraf, L. 2019. The effect of harvesting time on some phytochemical characteristics of Cynara scolymus L. leaves. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 24(4): 40- 55.


6. Allahdadi, M. and Raei, Y. 2017. Growth and chlorogenic acid content of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) affected by bio and chemical fertilizer. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 11(5): 63-73.


7. Ananga, A., Georgiev, V., Ochieng, J.W., Phills, B. and Tsolova, V. 2013. Production of anthocyanins in grape cell cultures: A potential source of raw material for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. 247-287. In: Sladonja, B. (ed.). The Mediterranean Genetic Code -Grapevine and Olive.


8. Bahlgerdi, M., Aroiee, H. and Azizi, M. 2014. The study of plant density and planting methods on some growth characteristics, seed and oil yield of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca, cv. ‘Kaki). American Journal of Life Sciences, 2(5): 319- 324.


9. Bacanil, M., Basaran, A.A. and Basaran, N. 2019. The major flavonoid of grapefruit: naringin. Research Gate, 37-44.


10. Chen, Y., Guo, Q., Liu, L., Liao, L. and Zhu, Z. 2011. Influence of fertilization and drought stress on the growth and production of secondary metabolites in Prunella vulgaris L. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 5(9): 17- 49.


11. De Abreu, I.N. and Mazzafera, P. 2005. Effect of water and temperature stress on the content of active constituents of Hypericum brasiliense Choisy. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 43: 241-248.


12. Espindola, K., Ferreira, R.G., Narvaez, L.E.M., Rosario, A.C.R.S., Silva, A.H.M., Silva, A.G.B., Vieira, A.P.O. and Monteiro, M.C. 2019. Chemical and pharmacological aspects of caffeic acid and its activity in hepatocarcinoma. Frontiers in Oncology, 541 (9): 1- 10.


13. FAO. 2018. FAO Statistical Database. Available at: http://www.faostat.org/.


14. Farah, A., and Lima, J.D. 2019. Consumption of chlorogenic acids through coffee and health implications. Beverages, 10.3390/beverages5010011.


15. Fritsche, J., Christaan, M., Beindorff, M., Dachtler, M., Zhang, H., and Lammers, J.G. 2002. Isolation, characterization and determination of minor artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf extract compounds.European Food Research and Technology, 215: 149-157.


16. Ganjali, H.R., Ayeneh Band, A., Heidari Sharif Abad, H. and Moussavi Nik, M. 2010. Effects of sowing date, plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components and various traits of Calendula officinalis. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 8(6): 672-679.


17. García-Tejero1, I.F., Durán-Zuazo, V.H., Pérez-Álvarez, R., Hernández, A., Casano, S., Morón, M. and Muriel-Fernández, J.L. 2014. Impact of plant density and irrigation on yield of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in a mediterranean Semi-arid environment. Journal of Agriculture Science Technology, 16: 887 – 895.


18. Ghasemnezhad, A., Khodayar Hemati, Kh., Hezarjeribi, A. and Baroze, H. 2014. Yield and antioxidant activity of artichoke Leaves (Cynara scolymus L.) affected by some agronomical factors in Golestan province of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 1: 27-33.


19. Ghilavizadeh, A., Hadidi Masouleh, E., Zakerin, H.R., Valadabadi, S.A.R., Sayfzadeh, S. and Yousefi, M. 2019. Influence of salicylic acid on growth, yield and macro-elements absorption of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under water stress. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 1: 67-75.


20. Grabowska, A., Caruso, G., Mehrafarin, A., Kalisz, A., Gruszecki, R., Kunicki, E. and Sękara, A. 2018. Application of modern agronomic and biotechnological strategies to valorise worldwide globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L.) potential - an analytical overview. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 13(4):279-289.


21. Hasanvand, H., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A.M., Moradi Telavat, M.R. and Poshtdar, A. 2018. Evaluation of yield and some physiological characterictics ofborage (Borago officinalis L.) under plant density and sowing dates in Ahwaz region.Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34(1): 1-16.


22. Heidarian, E. and Rafieian-Kopaei, M. 2013.Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat. Pharmaceutical Biology, 51(9): 1104-1109.


23. Huse Santoh, A., Narkhede, S.S., Zope, J.S. and Singh, N.B. 2011. Effect of spacing and irrigation in Jatropha curcas Linn. Progress Agriculture, 11(2): 364-366.


24. Jose Frutos, M., Ruiz-Cano, D., Valero-Cases, E., Zamora, S. and Pérez-Llamas, F. 2019. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). 135 – 138. In: Nabavi, S.M. and Silva, A.S. (ed.). Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. Academic publication.


25. Khajehpour, M. 2014. Fundamentals of Agriculture. Jihad University Publishing of Isfahan, 658p.


26. Krnjaja, V., Mandića, V., Stankovićb, S., Obradovićb, A., Vasićc, T., Lukića, M. and Bijelića, Z. 2019. Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains. Crop Protection, 116: 126–131.


27. Liang, N. and Kitts, D.D. 2016. Role of Chlorogenic acids in controlling oxidativeand inflammatory stress conditions. Nutrients, 1-20.


28. Lima, R., Campos, A., Azevedo, C., Calado, J., Silva, S., Nascimento, R. 2016.Effects of planting density on vegetative growth and production components of Jatropha(Physic nut L). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 10(5):632-636.


29. Mahdavikia, H., Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Rahimi, A. and Mohammadkhani, N. 2019. Effects of fertilizer treatments on anioxidant activities and physiological traits of basil (Ocmium basilicum L.) under water limitation conditions. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 2: 143-151.


30. Melilli, M.G., Tringali, S., Riggi, E. and Raccuia, S.A. 2007. Screening of genetic variability for some phenolic constituents of globe artichoke head. International Society for Horticultural Science, 730: 85-91.


31. Meng, S., Cao, J., Feng, Q., Peng, J., and Hu, Y. 2013. Roles of chlorogenic acid on regulating glucose and lipids metabolism: a review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1- 11.


32. Modarres, M. and Ghasimi-Hagh, Z. 2019. The effect of light, phenylalanine and caffeic acid on the production of phenolics acid suspension culture of Salvia leriifolia. Iranin Journal of Plant Process and Function. 8(29): 171-179.


33. Mohammadifar, M., Behnam, M., Talaei, S.A., Khamehchian, T., Mehran, M. and Taghizadeh, M. 2017. Investigating the effect of the combination of sage, artichoke and jujube extracts on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19(6): 410-418.


34. Nouraei, S., Rahimmalek, M., Saeidi, G.H. and Bahreininejad, B. 2016. Variation in seed oil content and fatty acid composition of Globe artichoke under different irrigation regimes. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(7): 953-962.


35. Pandino, G., Lombardo, S. and Mauromicale, G. 2013. Globe artichoke leaves and floral stems as a source of bioactive compounds. Industrial Crops Product, 44: 44-49.


36. Ramezannezhad, R., Aghdasi, M. and Fatemi M. 2019. An investigation on cichoric acid, chlorogenic, caffeic acid content and antioxidant activity in some iranian native species compared to Echinacea purpurea L. in differentdevelopmental stages. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34(6): 909-923.


37. Rossini, F., Provenzano, M.E. and Ruggeri, R. 2012. Tuber and Stalk Yield of Jerusalem Artichoke Clones as Affected by Planting Density. 20th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 18-22 June, Milan, Italy


38. Ruttanaprasert, R., Jogloya, S., Vorasoot, N., Kesmalaa, T., Kanwar, R., Holbrook, C. and Patanothai, A. 2016. Effects of water stress on total biomass, tuber yield, harvest index and water use efficiency in Jerusalem artichoke. Agricultural Water Management, 166: 130-138.


39. Sekara, A., Kalisz, R., Gruszecki, A., Grabowska, A. and Kunicki, E. 2015.Globe artichoke – a vegetable, herb and ornamental of value in central Europe: a review. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 90(4): 365-374.


40. Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, Q., Asareh, M.H. and Hadian, J. 2018. Promising use of drought stress in order to increase the quality of Satureja sahendica Bornm native to Iran. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 49(1): 167-177.


41. Shinohara, T., Agehara, S., Yoo, K.S. and Leskovar, D. 2011. Irrigation and nitrogen management of artichoke: yield, head quality and phenolic content. HortScience hortsci, 46: 377- 386.


42. Siadat – Jamian, S., Aghaalikhani, M., Soufizadeh, S. and Mokhtassi – Bidgoli, A. 2019. Qualitative and quantitative response of artichoke to irrigation treatments and planting densities. Scientia Horticulturae, 253: 422-428.


43. Sivaci, A., Binzet, R., Duman S. and Teke, H.I. 2015. The determination of total antioxidant activity, phenolics and pigments during vegetative and reproductive periods of Onosma species. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 21(2): 261-265.


44. Taleie, N., Hamidoghli, Y., Rabiei, B. and Hamidoghli, S. 2012. Effects of plant density and transplanting date on herbage, stevioside, phenol and flavonoid yield of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4(6): 298-302.


45. Tazeh, K., Piri, I. and Mostafavi Rad, M. 2015. Effects of plant density on flower, essential oil yield and some important agronomic indices of borage (Borago officinalis L.). Plant Production Research, 22(4): 87-100.