بررسی ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس گل و برگ Achillea pachycephala Rech. F.
الموضوعات : Geneticکامکار جایمند 1 , محمدباقر رضایی 2
1 - گروه شیمی گیاهی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع تهران
2 - گروه شیمی گیاهی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع تهران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تقطیر با آب, کامفور, ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس, بومادران قوچانی, ترانس - پینوکاروئول,
ملخص المقالة :
جنس بومادران در ایران 19 گونه گیاه علفی چند ساله و غالباً معطر دارد که هفت گونه آن انحصاری ایران هستند. در این تحقیق گونه بومادران با نام علمی Achillea pachycephala Rech. F. در اوائل شهریور ماه سال 1383 از قله دماوند در ارتفاع 3200 الی 3800 متر جمع‌آوری گردید. نمونه با روش تقطیر با آب اسانس‌گیری شد. بازده اسانس در گل 3/1 درصد و در برگ 5/0 درصد را نشان داد. نمونه‌ها توسط دستگاه‌های کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه قرار گرفتند. ترکیب‌های عمده در گل trans–pinocarveol (2/29 درصد)، limonene (2/18 درصد)، myrtenyl acetate (17 درصد) و pinocarvone (1/11 درصد) بودند که جمعاً 5/75 درصد از 9/99 درصد از کل اسانس را شامل می‌شود و در برگ camphor (8/33 درصد)، 1,8-cineole (24 درصد) و pinocampheol (16 درصد) بودند که 8/73 درصد از 3/99 درصد از کل اسانس بدست آمد. در ضمن درصد ترکیب‌های شناسایی شده به نسبت گونه‌های این جنس از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار هستند
مظفریان، ولی ا.... 1377. فرهنگ نام‌های گیاهان ایران، چاپ فرهنگ معاصر، صفحه 12-11.
قهرمان، ا. 1365. فلور رنگی ایران، انتشارات موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، جلد 8، شماره 885..
Achilladelis, B. and Hanson, J.R., 1968. Terpenoid biosynthesis. III. Incorporation of geranyl pyrophosphate into cineole. Phytochemistry, 7 (8), 1317-1319.
Adams, R.P. 1989. Identification of essential oils by Ion traps Mass Spectroscopy. Academic Press, San Diego.
Angihorti, V.K., Lattoo, S.K., Thappa, R.K., Kaul, P. 2005. Chemical variability in the essential oil components of A. millefolium agg in Indian plantamed. 71(3): 280-283.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition, Edited by Kenneth Helrich, Volatile oil, page 1001.
Benzic, N.M., Skocibusic, B., Kocak, S. 2003. Composition and antimicrobial activity of A. clarennae. J. Essent. Phytotherap, 17(9): 1037-1040.
British Pharmacopoeia. 1988. Vol, 2, pp A137-A138, HMSO. London.
Cernaj, P.; Liptakova, H., Mohr, G.; Repeak, M. and Honcariv, R. 1983. Variability of the content and composition of essential oil during ontogensis of Achillea collina Becker., Herb Hung., 22, 21- 27.
Chandler, R.F.; Hooper, S.N. and Harvey, M.J. 1982. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae, Econ. Bot., 36, 203–223.
Clausen, J.; Keck, D.D. and Hiersey, W.M. 1948. Experimental studies on the nature of species. III Environmental responses of climatic races of Achillea. Carnegia Inst. Washington publ. Washington 581, pp.132.
Davies, N.W. 1990. Gas Chromatographic Retention Index of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes on Methyl silicone and Carbowax 20 M phases. J. Chromatogr., 503, 1-24.
Eglseer, K., Jurenitsch, J., Saukels, J., Franz, Ch. and Kubelka, W. 1988. Vergleichende untersuchungen des atherischen Oles verschiedener sippen des Achillea millefolium Aggregats., Scientica Pharmaceutica, 56: 15.
Gildemeister, E. and Hoffmann, F., 1963. Die atherischen Ole, (Merkel, D., ed.) 4thedn., vol.IIIc, pp. 213-225.
Greger, H.; Grenze, M. and Bohlmann, F. 1981. Polyacetylenic compounds, Part 260. Amides from Achillea species and leucocyclus formosus., Phytochemistry, 20, 2579 – 2581.
Hanlidou, E.; Kokkini, S. and Kokkalou, E. 1992. Volatile constituents of Achillea abrotanoides in relation to their infragenetic variation. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 20, 33– 40.
Hethelyi, E; Danos, B. and Tetenyi, P. 1988. Investigation of the essential oils of the Achillea genus. 1. The essential oil composition of Achillea distans W. ET K. Ex. Willd., Herba Hungarica, 27: 35–42.
Hoffmann, L.; Fritz, D.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H. and Drawert, F. 1992. Essential oil composition of three polyploids in the Achillea millefolium complex. Phytochemistry, 31, 33 – 40.
Mazandarani, M., Behmanesh, B., Rezaei, M.B., Ghaemi, E. 2006. Ethnobotany, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of A. milefolium in north of Iran, Asian Jornan, (3): 105-110.
Miquel, J.D.; Richard, H.M. and Sandret, F.G. 1976. Volatile constituents of Moroccan Thyme oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 24: (4), 833-835.
Mitich, L.W. 1990. Yarrow – The herb of Achilles. Weed Technol., 4, 451– 453.
Motl, O.; Ochir, G. and Kubeczka, K.H. 1990. Composition of Achillea asiatica Serg. Essential oil, Flav. Fragr. J., 5, 153–155.
Orav, A., Rael, A., Arak, E. 2006. Composition of essential oil of Achillea species in different geographical origin. Phytochem. 55, 3: 155-165.
Sacco, T.; Nano, G.M. and Frattini, C. 1972. Ricerche botaniche chimico–essenziere su alcune Achilee montane dell’ acro alpino centro–occidentale, Primo Contributo. Ess. Der. Agrum., 42, 316 – 324.
Shibamoto, T. 1987. Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis. In: Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential oil analysis. Edits. P.Sandra and C.Bicchi, 259-274.
Simonesen, J.L. and Owen, L.N., 1947. The terpenes 2ndedn, Vol. 1, pp.359-370, University press, Cambridge.
Twaij, H.A.A. 1983. Some pharmacological studies of Achillea santolina L. and Achillea micrantha M.B., Fitoterapia, 54, 25 – 32.
Yusupov, M.I.; Kasymov, S.Z.; Abdullaev, N.D.; Sidyakin, G.P. and Yagudaev, M.R. 1977 New isorideniin lactone from Achillea biebersteinii. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 13, 800–802.
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مظفریان، ولی ا.... 1377. فرهنگ نام‌های گیاهان ایران، چاپ فرهنگ معاصر، صفحه 12-11.
قهرمان، ا. 1365. فلور رنگی ایران، انتشارات موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، جلد 8، شماره 885..
Achilladelis, B. and Hanson, J.R., 1968. Terpenoid biosynthesis. III. Incorporation of geranyl pyrophosphate into cineole. Phytochemistry, 7 (8), 1317-1319.
Adams, R.P. 1989. Identification of essential oils by Ion traps Mass Spectroscopy. Academic Press, San Diego.
Angihorti, V.K., Lattoo, S.K., Thappa, R.K., Kaul, P. 2005. Chemical variability in the essential oil components of A. millefolium agg in Indian plantamed. 71(3): 280-283.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition, Edited by Kenneth Helrich, Volatile oil, page 1001.
Benzic, N.M., Skocibusic, B., Kocak, S. 2003. Composition and antimicrobial activity of A. clarennae. J. Essent. Phytotherap, 17(9): 1037-1040.
British Pharmacopoeia. 1988. Vol, 2, pp A137-A138, HMSO. London.
Cernaj, P.; Liptakova, H., Mohr, G.; Repeak, M. and Honcariv, R. 1983. Variability of the content and composition of essential oil during ontogensis of Achillea collina Becker., Herb Hung., 22, 21- 27.
Chandler, R.F.; Hooper, S.N. and Harvey, M.J. 1982. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae, Econ. Bot., 36, 203–223.
Clausen, J.; Keck, D.D. and Hiersey, W.M. 1948. Experimental studies on the nature of species. III Environmental responses of climatic races of Achillea. Carnegia Inst. Washington publ. Washington 581, pp.132.
Davies, N.W. 1990. Gas Chromatographic Retention Index of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes on Methyl silicone and Carbowax 20 M phases. J. Chromatogr., 503, 1-24.
Eglseer, K., Jurenitsch, J., Saukels, J., Franz, Ch. and Kubelka, W. 1988. Vergleichende untersuchungen des atherischen Oles verschiedener sippen des Achillea millefolium Aggregats., Scientica Pharmaceutica, 56: 15.
Gildemeister, E. and Hoffmann, F., 1963. Die atherischen Ole, (Merkel, D., ed.) 4thedn., vol.IIIc, pp. 213-225.
Greger, H.; Grenze, M. and Bohlmann, F. 1981. Polyacetylenic compounds, Part 260. Amides from Achillea species and leucocyclus formosus., Phytochemistry, 20, 2579 – 2581.
Hanlidou, E.; Kokkini, S. and Kokkalou, E. 1992. Volatile constituents of Achillea abrotanoides in relation to their infragenetic variation. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 20, 33– 40.
Hethelyi, E; Danos, B. and Tetenyi, P. 1988. Investigation of the essential oils of the Achillea genus. 1. The essential oil composition of Achillea distans W. ET K. Ex. Willd., Herba Hungarica, 27: 35–42.
Hoffmann, L.; Fritz, D.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H. and Drawert, F. 1992. Essential oil composition of three polyploids in the Achillea millefolium complex. Phytochemistry, 31, 33 – 40.
Mazandarani, M., Behmanesh, B., Rezaei, M.B., Ghaemi, E. 2006. Ethnobotany, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of A. milefolium in north of Iran, Asian Jornan, (3): 105-110.
Miquel, J.D.; Richard, H.M. and Sandret, F.G. 1976. Volatile constituents of Moroccan Thyme oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 24: (4), 833-835.
Mitich, L.W. 1990. Yarrow – The herb of Achilles. Weed Technol., 4, 451– 453.
Motl, O.; Ochir, G. and Kubeczka, K.H. 1990. Composition of Achillea asiatica Serg. Essential oil, Flav. Fragr. J., 5, 153–155.
Orav, A., Rael, A., Arak, E. 2006. Composition of essential oil of Achillea species in different geographical origin. Phytochem. 55, 3: 155-165.
Sacco, T.; Nano, G.M. and Frattini, C. 1972. Ricerche botaniche chimico–essenziere su alcune Achilee montane dell’ acro alpino centro–occidentale, Primo Contributo. Ess. Der. Agrum., 42, 316 – 324.
Shibamoto, T. 1987. Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis. In: Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential oil analysis. Edits. P.Sandra and C.Bicchi, 259-274.
Simonesen, J.L. and Owen, L.N., 1947. The terpenes 2ndedn, Vol. 1, pp.359-370, University press, Cambridge.
Twaij, H.A.A. 1983. Some pharmacological studies of Achillea santolina L. and Achillea micrantha M.B., Fitoterapia, 54, 25 – 32.
Yusupov, M.I.; Kasymov, S.Z.; Abdullaev, N.D.; Sidyakin, G.P. and Yagudaev, M.R. 1977 New isorideniin lactone from Achillea biebersteinii. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 13, 800–802.
