نقش توأم قارچ میکوریزا و کود شیمیایی فسفر بر جذب عناصر غذایی اندام های هوایی گیاه جو زراعی تحت شرایط دیم
الموضوعات :رحیم ناصری 1 , امیر میرزایی 2 , امین عباسی 3
1 - گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنی‌مهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 - بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام،
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، مراغه
الکلمات المفتاحية: رقم, برگ پرچم, عناصر ریزمغذی, کود زیستی, عناصر پرمغذی,
ملخص المقالة :
با توجه به اینکه گیاهان زراعی، بخش عمده عناصر غذایی ضروری مورد نیاز خود را توسط خاک جذب کرده و در شرایط دیم که کمبود جذب عناصر غذایی وجود دارد از طریق راهکارهایی مثل استفاده از کود زیستی می‌توان جذب عناصر غذایی را در زراعت دیم افزایش داد، به همین جهت به منظور بررسی نقش قارچ میکوریزا بر جذب عناصر غذایی ارقام جو دیم، آزمایشی تحت شرایط مزرعه به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سرابله، ایلام در سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا گردید. تیمار‌های آزمایشی شامل ارقام جو (محلی، ماهور، خرم و فردان) و منابع کودی شامل: شاهد (عدم مصرف منابع کودی)،50 درصد نیاز فسفر گیاه به صورت کود شیمیایی، قارچ میکوریزا، قارچ میکوریزا همراه با 50 درصد نیاز فسفر گیاه به صورت کود شیمیایی و100 درصد نیاز فسفر گیاه به صورت کود شیمیایی بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که اثر برهکمنش رقم ×منابع کودی بر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، منیزیم، آهن، مس و منگنز معنی‌دار بود. برهمکنش جو رقم فردان ×قارچ میکوریزا همراه با 50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر دارای بیشترین نیتروژن (1/11 درصد)، فسفر (19/1 درصد)، پتاسیم (92/3 درصد)، منیزیم (292/0 درصد)، آهن (5/136 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)، منگنز (8/65 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) و مس برگ (71/65 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) بود. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده نشان داده شد که در شرایط دیم منطقه رقم جدید فردان ×قارچ میکوریزا همراه با 50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر می‌تواند توصیه گردد.
المصادر:
Abo-Ghalia H.H. and Khalafallah A.A. (2008). Responses of wheat plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to short-term water stress followed by recovery at three growth stages. Journal of Applied Science Research, 4 (5): 570-580.
Alimadadi, A., Jahansouz, M.R., Besharaty, H. and Tavakkol-Afshari R. (2011). Evaluating the effects of biofertilizers and seed priming on chickpea (Cicer arietinum ). seed quality. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 24: 156-167.
Alipour, H., Nikbakht, A., Etemadi, N., Nourbakhsh, F. and Rejali F. (2016). The Efficiency of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth Characteristics and some Nutrients Uptake of Plane tree Seedling (Platanus orientalis ). Journal of Horticultural Science, 29 (4): 537-546.
Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23: 112-121.
Beltrano, J. and Ronco, M.G. (2008). Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum ) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability. Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology, 20 (1): 29-37.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
Bücking, H., Liepold, E. and Ambilwade, P. (2012). The Role of the Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Nutrient Uptake of Plants and the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying These Transport Processes. Plant Science, 107-138.
Cortivo C.D., Giuseppe Barion, G., Manuel Ferrari, M., Visioli, G. Dramis, L., Panozzo, A. and Vamerali, T. (2018). Effects of field inoculation with VAM and bacteria consortia on root growth and nutrients uptake in common wheat. Sustainability, 10: 1-21.
Ebadi, N., Seyed sharifi, R., Narimani, H. and Khalilzadeh, R. (2021). Effects of supplementary irrigation and application of mycorrhiza and azetobacter on grain filling components of rain fed barley (Hordeum vulgare). Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 16 (61): 64-79.
Emami, A. (1996). Plant analysis methods. Tehran Press, 231 Pp.
Fusconi, A. (2014). Regulation of root morphogenesis in arbuscular mycorrhizae: What role do fungal exudates, phosphate, sugars and hormones play in lateral root formation? Annals of Botany, 113: 19–33.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Alam, M.M., Roychowdhury, R. and Fujita, M. (2013). Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14: 9643–9684.
Huang, G.M., Zou, Y.N., Wu, Q.S., Xu, Y.J. and Kuča, K. (2020). Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts. Plant, Soil and Environment, 66 (6): 295-302.
Jahandideh Mahjen Abadi, V. and Sepehri. M. (2014). Effect of Piriformospora indica fungus inoculation on uptake and transportation of some nutrients in two wheat cultivars. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 4 (3): 155-173.
Kaur, R, Bains, T.S., Bindumadhava, H. and Nayyar, H. (2015). Responses of mungbean (Vigna radiata) genotypes to heat stress: Effects on reproductive biology, leaf function and yield traits. Scientia Horticulturae, 197: 527-541.
Khosrojerdi, M., Shahsavani, Sh., Gholipor, M. and Asghari H.R. (2013). Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and mycorrhizal fungi on some nutrient uptake by chickpea at different levels of iron sulfate fertilizer. Eloctronic Journal of Crop Production, 6 (3): 71-87.
Lin, C., Wang, Y., Liu, M., Li, Q., Xiao. W. and Song, X. (2020). Effects of nitrogen deposition and phosphorus addition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Scientific Reports, 10: 1-5.
Marzban, Z., Ameriyan, M.R. and Mamarabadi, M. (2014). Investigating the root characteristics and colonization index in cowpea and maizeusingmes or rhizobium bacteria and mycorrhiza in intercropping. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 4 (3): 163-185
Mathur S., Sharma M.P. and Jajoo A. (2018). Improved photosynthetic efficacy of maize (Zea mays) plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under high temperature stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B – Biology, 180: 149‒154.
Ministry of Jehad-e-Agriculture. (2017). Agricultural Statistics of Jehad-e-Agriculture.
Naseri R. (2017). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on morpho-physiological traits and yield of two wheat cultivars under dryland farming. P.hD. THESIS. Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, 356 Pp.
Naseri, R., Barary, M., Zarea, M.J., Khavazi, K., and Tahmasebi, Z. (2017). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on root characteristics, some activities of antioxidative enzymes of wheat under dry land conditions. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 5 (1): 163-188.
Paras-Motlagh, B., Mahmoodi, S., Sayyar-Zahan, M.H. and Naghibzadeh M. (2011). Effect of mycorrhiza fungi and phosorus fertilizer on concentration of leaf nutrients and photosynthetic pigments of common bean (haseolus vulgaris ) under salinity stress condition. Journal of Agroecology, 3 (2): 233-244.
Paul, A. (2007). Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry. Elsevier Press,
Porcel, R. and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. (2004). Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on leaf water potential, solute accumulation, and oxidative stress in soybean plants subjected to drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55: 1743–1750.
Rahim Zadeh, S., Sohrabi, Y., Heidar, Gh.R., Eivazi , A.R., Hosseni, S.M.T. and Taher Hosseini, M. (2013). Effect of biofertilizer on macro and micro nutrients uptake and essential oil continent in (Dracocephalum moldavica Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 11 (1): 179-190.
Seyedi, M., Mojaddam, M., Babaei Nejad, T. and Derogar, N. (2018). Study of the chemicals and biological interaction effects on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of some bread wheat cultivars in Shoushtar climatic. Journal of Plant Production Science, 8(1): 1-11.
Sharda Waman, M.K. and Bernard Felinov, R. (2009). Studies on effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (Am.) fungi on mineral nutrition of Carica papaya Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 37 (1): 183-186.
Sheligl, H.Q. (1986). Die verwertung orgngischer souren durch chlorella lincht. Planta Journal, 47-51.
Shi, Z., Zhang, J., Lu, S., Li, Y. and Wang, F. (2020). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve the Performance of Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil. Journal of Fungi, 44 (6): 2-14.
Song, H. (2005). Effects of vam on host plant in condition of drought stress and its mechanisms. Electronic Journal of Biology, 1 (3): 44-48.
Talukder, A.S.M.H.M, Glenn K McDonald, and Gurjeet S Gill. (2014). Effect of short-term heat stress prior to flowering and early grain seton the grain yield of wheat. Field Crops Research,160: 54–63.
Tasang, A. and Maum, M.A. (1999). Mycorrhizal fungi increase salt tolerance of Strophostyles helvola in coastalforedunes. University of Waterloo, Canada. Plant Ecology, 144: 159–166.
Vessey, K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant Soil, 255, 571–586.
Wahid, A., Gelani, S., Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. (2007). Heat tolerance in plants: an overview. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61: 199–223.
Wu Q.S., He J.D., Srivastava A.K., Zhang F. and Zou Y.N. (2019). Development of propagation technique of indigenous AMF and their inoculation response in citrus. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 89: 1190‒1194.
Yousefi Rad, M. and Masomi Zavarian, A. (2018). Effects of humic acid and mycorrhiza on morphological characteristics and nutrients concentration of red bean (Vigna unguiculata). Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 12 (48): 92-102.
Zaefarian, F., Rezvani, M., Rejali, F., Ardakani, M.R. and Noormohammadi, G. (2011). Effect of heavy metals and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal on growth and nutrients (N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Fe) accumulation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 11:346–352.
Zhang F., Wang P., Zou Y.N., Wu Q.S. and Kuča K. (2019). Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on root-hair growth and hormone levels of taproot and lateral roots in trifoliate orange under drought stress. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 65: 1316‒1330.
Zhang F., Zou Y.N., Wu Q.S. and Kuča K. (2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizas modulate root polyamine metabolism to enhance drought tolerance of trifoliate orange. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 171: 103926.
Zuccarini, P. (2007). Mycorrhizal infection ameliorates chlorophyll content and nutrient uptake of lettuce exposed to saline irrigation. Plant, Soil and Environment, 53: 283-289.
Abo-Ghalia H.H. and Khalafallah A.A. (2008). Responses of wheat plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to short-term water stress followed by recovery at three growth stages. Journal of Applied Science Research, 4 (5): 570-580.
Alimadadi, A., Jahansouz, M.R., Besharaty, H. and Tavakkol-Afshari R. (2011). Evaluating the effects of biofertilizers and seed priming on chickpea (Cicer arietinum ). seed quality. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 24: 156-167.
Alipour, H., Nikbakht, A., Etemadi, N., Nourbakhsh, F. and Rejali F. (2016). The Efficiency of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth Characteristics and some Nutrients Uptake of Plane tree Seedling (Platanus orientalis ). Journal of Horticultural Science, 29 (4): 537-546.
Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23: 112-121.
Beltrano, J. and Ronco, M.G. (2008). Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum ) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability. Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology, 20 (1): 29-37.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
Bücking, H., Liepold, E. and Ambilwade, P. (2012). The Role of the Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Nutrient Uptake of Plants and the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying These Transport Processes. Plant Science, 107-138.
Cortivo C.D., Giuseppe Barion, G., Manuel Ferrari, M., Visioli, G. Dramis, L., Panozzo, A. and Vamerali, T. (2018). Effects of field inoculation with VAM and bacteria consortia on root growth and nutrients uptake in common wheat. Sustainability, 10: 1-21.
Ebadi, N., Seyed sharifi, R., Narimani, H. and Khalilzadeh, R. (2021). Effects of supplementary irrigation and application of mycorrhiza and azetobacter on grain filling components of rain fed barley (Hordeum vulgare). Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 16 (61): 64-79.
Emami, A. (1996). Plant analysis methods. Tehran Press, 231 Pp.
Fusconi, A. (2014). Regulation of root morphogenesis in arbuscular mycorrhizae: What role do fungal exudates, phosphate, sugars and hormones play in lateral root formation? Annals of Botany, 113: 19–33.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Alam, M.M., Roychowdhury, R. and Fujita, M. (2013). Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14: 9643–9684.
Huang, G.M., Zou, Y.N., Wu, Q.S., Xu, Y.J. and Kuča, K. (2020). Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts. Plant, Soil and Environment, 66 (6): 295-302.
Jahandideh Mahjen Abadi, V. and Sepehri. M. (2014). Effect of Piriformospora indica fungus inoculation on uptake and transportation of some nutrients in two wheat cultivars. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 4 (3): 155-173.
Kaur, R, Bains, T.S., Bindumadhava, H. and Nayyar, H. (2015). Responses of mungbean (Vigna radiata) genotypes to heat stress: Effects on reproductive biology, leaf function and yield traits. Scientia Horticulturae, 197: 527-541.
Khosrojerdi, M., Shahsavani, Sh., Gholipor, M. and Asghari H.R. (2013). Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and mycorrhizal fungi on some nutrient uptake by chickpea at different levels of iron sulfate fertilizer. Eloctronic Journal of Crop Production, 6 (3): 71-87.
Lin, C., Wang, Y., Liu, M., Li, Q., Xiao. W. and Song, X. (2020). Effects of nitrogen deposition and phosphorus addition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Scientific Reports, 10: 1-5.
Marzban, Z., Ameriyan, M.R. and Mamarabadi, M. (2014). Investigating the root characteristics and colonization index in cowpea and maizeusingmes or rhizobium bacteria and mycorrhiza in intercropping. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 4 (3): 163-185
Mathur S., Sharma M.P. and Jajoo A. (2018). Improved photosynthetic efficacy of maize (Zea mays) plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under high temperature stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B – Biology, 180: 149‒154.
Ministry of Jehad-e-Agriculture. (2017). Agricultural Statistics of Jehad-e-Agriculture.
Naseri R. (2017). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on morpho-physiological traits and yield of two wheat cultivars under dryland farming. P.hD. THESIS. Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, 356 Pp.
Naseri, R., Barary, M., Zarea, M.J., Khavazi, K., and Tahmasebi, Z. (2017). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on root characteristics, some activities of antioxidative enzymes of wheat under dry land conditions. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 5 (1): 163-188.
Paras-Motlagh, B., Mahmoodi, S., Sayyar-Zahan, M.H. and Naghibzadeh M. (2011). Effect of mycorrhiza fungi and phosorus fertilizer on concentration of leaf nutrients and photosynthetic pigments of common bean (haseolus vulgaris ) under salinity stress condition. Journal of Agroecology, 3 (2): 233-244.
Paul, A. (2007). Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry. Elsevier Press,
Porcel, R. and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. (2004). Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on leaf water potential, solute accumulation, and oxidative stress in soybean plants subjected to drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55: 1743–1750.
Rahim Zadeh, S., Sohrabi, Y., Heidar, Gh.R., Eivazi , A.R., Hosseni, S.M.T. and Taher Hosseini, M. (2013). Effect of biofertilizer on macro and micro nutrients uptake and essential oil continent in (Dracocephalum moldavica Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 11 (1): 179-190.
Seyedi, M., Mojaddam, M., Babaei Nejad, T. and Derogar, N. (2018). Study of the chemicals and biological interaction effects on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of some bread wheat cultivars in Shoushtar climatic. Journal of Plant Production Science, 8(1): 1-11.
Sharda Waman, M.K. and Bernard Felinov, R. (2009). Studies on effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (Am.) fungi on mineral nutrition of Carica papaya Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 37 (1): 183-186.
Sheligl, H.Q. (1986). Die verwertung orgngischer souren durch chlorella lincht. Planta Journal, 47-51.
Shi, Z., Zhang, J., Lu, S., Li, Y. and Wang, F. (2020). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve the Performance of Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil. Journal of Fungi, 44 (6): 2-14.
Song, H. (2005). Effects of vam on host plant in condition of drought stress and its mechanisms. Electronic Journal of Biology, 1 (3): 44-48.
Talukder, A.S.M.H.M, Glenn K McDonald, and Gurjeet S Gill. (2014). Effect of short-term heat stress prior to flowering and early grain seton the grain yield of wheat. Field Crops Research,160: 54–63.
Tasang, A. and Maum, M.A. (1999). Mycorrhizal fungi increase salt tolerance of Strophostyles helvola in coastalforedunes. University of Waterloo, Canada. Plant Ecology, 144: 159–166.
Vessey, K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant Soil, 255, 571–586.
Wahid, A., Gelani, S., Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. (2007). Heat tolerance in plants: an overview. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61: 199–223.
Wu Q.S., He J.D., Srivastava A.K., Zhang F. and Zou Y.N. (2019). Development of propagation technique of indigenous AMF and their inoculation response in citrus. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 89: 1190‒1194.
Yousefi Rad, M. and Masomi Zavarian, A. (2018). Effects of humic acid and mycorrhiza on morphological characteristics and nutrients concentration of red bean (Vigna unguiculata). Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 12 (48): 92-102.
Zaefarian, F., Rezvani, M., Rejali, F., Ardakani, M.R. and Noormohammadi, G. (2011). Effect of heavy metals and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal on growth and nutrients (N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Fe) accumulation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 11:346–352.
Zhang F., Wang P., Zou Y.N., Wu Q.S. and Kuča K. (2019). Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on root-hair growth and hormone levels of taproot and lateral roots in trifoliate orange under drought stress. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 65: 1316‒1330.
Zhang F., Zou Y.N., Wu Q.S. and Kuča K. (2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizas modulate root polyamine metabolism to enhance drought tolerance of trifoliate orange. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 171: 103926.
Zuccarini, P. (2007). Mycorrhizal infection ameliorates chlorophyll content and nutrient uptake of lettuce exposed to saline irrigation. Plant, Soil and Environment, 53: 283-289.
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