بررسی برخی صفات رشدی ریشه و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی ارقام مختلف گندم دوروم (Triticum turgidum var. durum) تحت تاثیر کود فسفر و قارچ مایکوریزا در شرایط دیم
الموضوعات :
هوشنگ ناصری راد
1
(بخش کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی3697-19395 تهران، ایران)
رحیم ناصری
2
(گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنی مهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: مالون دی آلدئید, سوپراکسیددسموتاز, تراکم طول ریشه, محتوی آب ریشه, گلوتاتیون سنتتاز,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی تاثیر قارچ مایکوریزا و کود فسفر بر برخی ویژگی های رشدی ریشه و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی گندم دوروم در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی مزرعه ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه ی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. چهار رقم گندم دوروم (دهدشت، ذهاب، ساورز و ساجی) به عنوان فاکتور اول و پنج سطح منبع کودی (عدم مصرف کود، 25 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر، قارچ مایکوریزا (GM) و ترکیب قارچ مایکوریزا +25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر) به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثرات ساده نشان داد که در بین ارقام، رقم های ذهاب و ساجی و در بین منابع کودی، تیمار ترکیبی مایکوریزا + 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر و پس از آن 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر بیشترین تاثیر را در بهبود صفات مورد مطالعه داشتند. اثر متقابل رقم و منابع کودی مشخص نمود که استفاده تلفیقی از کود فسفر و قارچ مایکوریزا نتایج بهتری در مقایسه با کاربرد آنها به تنهایی دارد. به طوریکه بیشترین وزن‌تر و خشک، تراکم طول و محتوی آب ریشه و فعالیت آسکوربات پراکسیداز، پراکسیداز، کاتالاز، سوپراکسیددسموتاز و گلوتاتیون سنتتاز از تیمار تلفیقی مایکوریزا و کود فسفر و در اقام ذهاب و ساجی حاصل شد. اگرچه، کمترین طول مخصوص ریشه، فعالیت مالون دی‌آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن در همین تیمار و ارقام به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح با قارچ مایکوریزا در شرایط دیم به ویژه در ارقام ذهاب و ساجی علاوه بر کاهش مقدار کاربرد کود شیمیایی فسفره می تواند از طریق بهبود ویژگی های رشدی ریشه و به دنبال آن افزایش فعالیت آنتی اکسیدان های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی باعث کاهش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای غشاء (کاهش تولید مالون دی آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن) و در نتیجه افزایش تحمل به تنش خشکی شود.
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Abaye, A.O., Brann, D.E., Alley, M.M. and Griffey, C.A. (1997). Winter durum wheat: Do we have all the answer. Crop Soil Environment Science. 424-802.
Adhya, T.K., Kumar, N., Reddy, G., Podile, A.R., Bee, H. and Samantaray, B. (2015). Microbial mobilization of soil phosphorus and sustainable P management in agricultural soils. Current Science. 108: 1280–1287.
Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105: 121-126.
Agarwal, S. and Pandy, V. (2004). Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum. 48: 555-560.
Alguacil, M., Caravaca, F., Dı´az-Vivancos, P., Herna´ndez, J.A. and Roldan, A. (2006). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae and induced drought stress on antioxidant enzyme and nitrate reductase activities in niperus oxycedrus L. grown in a composted sewage sludge-amended semi-arid soil. Plant and Soil. 279: 209–218.
Aroca, R., Porcel, R. and Ruiz Lozano, J.M. (2007). How does arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulate root hydraulic properties and plasma membrane aquaporins in Phaseolus vulgaris under drought, cold or salinity stresses?. New Phytologist. 173: 808–816.
Attarzadeh, M., Balouchi, H., Rajaie, M. and Movahhedi Dehnavi, M. (2019). Growth and nutrient content of Echinacea purpurea as affected by the combination of phosphorus with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and Pseudomonas florescent bacterium under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Environmental Management. 231: 182–188.
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Fadaee, E., Parvizi, Y., Gerdakane, M. and Khan-ahmadi, M. (2018). The effects of mycorhiza (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradiceae) and phosphorus on growth and phytochemical traits of dracocephalum moldavica l. under drought stress. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 17(66): 117-130.
Gholinezhad, E., Darvishzadeh, R., Siavash Moghaddam, S. and Popovi ć-Djordjević, J. (2020). Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation in reducing water stress in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): The assessment of agrobiochemical traits and enzymatic antioxidant activity. Agricultural Water Management. 238: 106234.
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Hegazi, A.M., El-Shraiy, A.M. and Ghoname, A.A. (2017). Mitigation of salt stress negative effects on sweet pepper using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Bacillus megaterium and Brassinosteroids (BRs). Gesunde Pflanzen. 69: 91–102.
Heydari, A., Nasri, M. and Ghoshchi, F. (2014). The study of Symbiotic of mycorrhizae and phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn in Robat karim region. Agronomic Research in Semi Desert Regions. 11: 161-170.
Jaleel, C.A., Riadh, K., Gopi, R., Manivannan, P., Inès, J., AI-Juburi, H.J., Zhao, C.X., Shao, H.B. and Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Antioxidant defense responses: physiological plasticity in higher plants under abiotic constraints. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 31:427–436.
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Khalvati, M.A., Mzafar, A. and Schmidhalter, U. (2005). Quantification of water uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal hypha and its signification for leaf growth, water relations and gas exchange of barley subjected to drought stress. Plant Biology Stuttgart. 7(6): 706-712.
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Loreto, F. and Velikova, V. (2001). Isoprene produced by leaves protects the photosynthetic apparatus against ozone damage, quenches ozone products, and reduces lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. Plant Physiology. 127(4): 1781-1787.
Ma, Y., Prasad, M.N.V., Rajkumar, M. and Freitas, H. (2011). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and endophytes accelerate phytoremediation of metalliferous soils. Biotechnology Advances. 29(2): 248-258.
Mac-Adam, J.W., Nelson, C.J. and Sharp, R.E. (1992). Peroxidase activity in the leaf elongation zone of tall fescue I. Spatial distribution of ionically bound peroxidase activity in genotypes differing in length of the elongation zone. Plant Physiology. 9 (3): 872-878.
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