تأثیر تنش خشکی و سلنیوم بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژی گیاه بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica L.)
الموضوعات :
معصومه عامریان
1
(گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،
دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
علی رضا زبرجدی
2
(گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،
دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
جوانه السادات محرابی
3
(گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،
دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد بذر, سلنات‌سدیم, فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ و هدایت روزنه‌ای,
ملخص المقالة :
سلنیوم یک عنصر غذایی مهم برای حیوانات و انسان است که در بسیاری از گونه‌های گیاهی نیز نقش مؤثری دارد. نقش مثبت سلنیوم در کاهش اثر تنش‌های محیطی مختلف بر گیاهان مورد تأیید قرار گرفته است. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر سلنیوم بر برخی شاخص‌های رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی می‌باشد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول شامل سطوح مختلف رطوبت (آبیاری کامل، 25، 50 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و فاکتور دوم شامل غلظت‌های مختلف سلنیوم (صفر، 5 و 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنات‌سدیم) بود. محلول‌پاشی برگی سلنات‌سدیم طی دو مرحله انجام شد. سلنیوم برخلاف تنش خشکی، وزن خشک ساقه و برگ، طول گل‌آذین و میزان نسبی آب برگ را افزایش داد. در شرایط تنش خشکی، سلنیوم موجب افزایش ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه، وزن تر ساقه، تعداد برگ و وزن تر برگ شد. سلنیوم عملکرد بیولوژیکی، وزن خشک گل‌آذین، تعداد گل، وزن بذر در هر بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد بذر را افزایش داد. سلنیوم بر هدایت روزنه‌ای، فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز تأثیر مثبت داشت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با محلول‌پاشی برگی سلنات‌سدیم می‌توان بر تنش خشکی غلبه کرده و از کاهش عملکرد بذر جلوگیری به‌عمل آورد. درنتیجه محلول‌پاشی 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنات‌سدیم برای کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در کشت گلخانه‌ای گیاه بالنگوی شهری قابل توصیه است.
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Abbasi, A., Lotfi, R. and Janmohammadi, M. (2018). Response of antioxidant defense mechanism and wheat yield changes to drought stress with application of different concentrations of nano-silicone and nano-titanium. Iranian Journal of Dryland Agriculture. 7(1): 101-79. (In Persian)
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Alves, L.R., Prado, E.R., Oliveira, R., Santos, E.F., Lemos de Souza, I., Dos Reis, A.R., Azevedo, R.A. and Gratão, P.L. (2020). Mechanisms of cadmium-stress avoidance by selenium in tomato plant. Ecotoxicology 29(5): 594–606.
Azad, M., Rostami, M., Ghabooli, M. and Movahhedi, Z. (2018). Effect of salinity stress and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Lallemantia royleana. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 31(2): 259-307. (In Persian)
Batool, H., Tahir, A., Fang, X. and Yasmin, T. (2021). Impact of early ephemeral and terminal drought on the grain yield of the naked oat (Avena Nuda L.). The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 31(3): 868-876.
Bergmeyer, H.U. (1970). Methods of enzymatic analysis. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp, 636-647.
Borbély, P., Molnár, A., Valyon, E., Ördög, A., Horváth-Boros, K., Csupor, D., Fehér, A. and Kolbert, Z. (2021). The effect of foliar selenium (Se) treatment on growth, photosynthesis, and oxidative-nitrosative signalling of Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Antioxidants. 10(1): 1-18.
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Heydari, Sh. and Pirzad, A.R. (2020). Mycorrhizal Fungi and Thiobacillus Co-inoculation Improve the physiological indices of Lallemantia iberica under salinity stress. Current Microbiology. 77(9): 2523–2534.
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Huang, H., Mei, L., Muhammad, R., Zhihua, D., Yuan, Y., Md Muzammel, H., Menghua, C., Shuanglian, X. and Shuxin, T. (2021). Synergistic effect of silicon and selenium on the alleviation of cadmium toxicity in rice plants. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 401:123393.
Izadi Darbandi, E. and Bakhsh Mohamadnejad, R. (2016). Investigation the feasibility of chemical weed control in Balangu (Lallemanti aroyleana Benth). Weed Research Journal. 8(1): 1-12. (In Persian)
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Karami, M.J., Eshghi, S. and Tafazoli, E. (2017). Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in yaghooti grapevine under heat stress conditions in greenhouse and vineyard. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 18(3): 237-250. (In Persian)
Karimzadeh, H., Nezami, A., Kafi, M. and Tadayon, M. (2016). Investigation of changes in stomatal conductivity, canopy temperature and relative leaf water content of pinto bean genotypes. Crop Physiology Journal. 30(8): 105-120. (In Persian)
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M. and Azizi, G. (2006). The effect of different irrigation intervals and plant densities on yield and yield components of two fennel (Foenicolum vulgare) landraces. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 4(1): 131-140. (In Persian)
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Mahmood, T., Khalid, Sh., Abdullah, M., Ahmed, Z., Kausar Nawaz Shah, M., Ghafoor, A. and Du, X. (2020). Insights into drought stress signaling in plants and the molecular genetic basis of cotton drought tolerance. Cells. 9(1): 1-30.
Maleki Farahani, S. and Abdolahi, M. (2014). Effect of deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of two different species of Balangu (Lallemantia royleana & iberica) from Mashhad and Urmia. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12(3): 502-515. (In Persian)
Mateus, M.P.B., Tavanti, R.F.R. and Tavanti, T.R. (2021). Selenium biofortification enhances ROS scavenge system increasing yield of coffee plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 209(1): 1-10.
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