بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)
الموضوعات :سحر مومنی 1 , لیلا فهمیده 2 , عباسعلی امام جمعه 3 , مهدی سلوکی 4 , جواد ظهیری 5
1 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران؛ دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
4 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
5 - گروه بیوفیزیک، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ،ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تنظیم کننده های اسمزی, کنجد, رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی, آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی, تنش غیر زیستی,
ملخص المقالة :
تنش خشکی در اکثر مناطق جهان مهم ترین عامل کاهش عملکرد گیاهان زراعی محسوب می شود. به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه کنجد آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. در این آزمایش اثر سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی (سطح آبیاری 5، 10، 15 و 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی شامل: کاتالاز، پلی فنل اکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، پراکسیداز، برخی رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها)، برخی تعدیل‌کننده‌های اسمزی شامل پرولین و همچنین برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی(تعداد برگ، طول ریشه، ارتفاع ساقه، ارتفاع بوته، طول برگ، عرض برگ، وزن خشک ریشه، وزن تر ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن تر بوته، وزن خشک بوته) بررسی شد. پس از کشت گیاه در گلدان، اعمال تنش خشکی (سطح آبیاری 5، 10، 15 و 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای (چهار برگی) انجام گردید و سپس صفات مورد مطالعه اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه آماری نشان داد که تنش خشکی اثر معنی داری در سطح یک درصد بر کلیه صفات فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی داشت. با افزایش تنش خشکی (تا سطح آبیاری 5 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) کاهش در صفات مورفولوژیکی و رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی نسبت به سطح شاهد بیشتر شد. با افزایش سطوح تنش خشکی افزایش طول ریشه در گیاه کنجد مشاهده شد، به طوری که بیشترین طول ریشه مربوط به سطح آبیاری 5 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و کمترین طول ریشه مربوط به سطح کنترل (سطح آبیاری 25 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) بود. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی و پرولین در بیشترین تنش خشکی (سطح آبیاری 5 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) مشاهده گردید. لذا براساس نتایج حاصله پیشنهاد می شود که میزان رشد گیاه در مراحل رشدی و نموی مختلف اندازه گیری و تأثیر تنش در هر دوره مشخص گردد تا تفسیر مناسبی از تأثیر تنش بر روی گیاه بدست آید.
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Abdul Jaleel, C., Manivannan, P., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R. and Panneerselvam, R. (2007). Induction of drought stress tolerance by ketoconazole in Catharanthus roseus is mediated by enhanced antioxidant potentials and secondary metabolite accumulation. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 60(2): 201-206.
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