رفتار گیاه در پاسخ به تنش سرما
الموضوعات :
مریم کریمی علویجه
1
(
پژوهشکده گل و گیاهان زینتی، موسسه باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، محلات، ایران
)
عبدالکریم زارعی
2
(
گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، جهرم، ایران
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: سازگاری, تنش سرما, صدمه, گونه گیاهی, خوپذیری,
ملخص المقالة :
تنش های محیطی همواره به عنوان یکی از عوامل مهم محدود کننده رشد و نمو و تولید مثل گیاهان می‌باشند. تنش سرمایی یکی از مهمترین نوع این تنش ها بوده که هر ساله خسارات زیادی محصولات مختلف گیاهی وارد می کند و بعنوان تهدیدی برای تولید پایدار محصولات گیاهی می باشد. به طی فصل پاییز، تغییرات مورفولوژی، فیزیولوژی، بیوشیمیایی و مولکولی، گیاهان را برای مقابله و تحمل دماهای پایین فصل زمستان آماده می کند. مطالعه سطح سلولی تنش، به منظور دستکاری های ژنتیکی برای کسب مقاومت به سرما در گیاهان ضروری است. در صورت بروز سرماهای زودرس پاییزه یا سرماهای دیررس بهاره صدمات مختلفی به گیاه وارد خواهد شد. کسب سازگاری در فصل پاییز برای تحمل شرایط زمستان ضروری می‌باشد. روند کلی کسب سازگاری تقریبا در تمامی گیاهان مشابه بوده ولی با توجه به نوع گیاه و شرایط منطقه تفاوت هایی وجود دارد. اندام مختلف گیاه، درجات و صدمات متفاوتی را بعد از گذراندن تنش سرما نشان خواهند داد که با رعایت برخی اصول کشاورزی، خسارات احتمالی تا حد زیادی قابل کنترل خواهند بود. تقویت به موقع و جلوگیری از هر گونه تنش به گیاه صدمات ناشی از سرما را به حداقل خواهند رساند. مرور کلی مسیرهای ایجاد صدمات تنش سرما و مکانیسم مقابله گیاه می تواند برای جلوگیری از ایجاد خسارات تا حد ممکن مفید باشد.
Ambroise, V., Legay, S., Guerriero, G., Hausman, J.F., Cuypers, A. and Sergeant, K. (2020). The roots of plant frost hardiness and tolerance. Plant and Cell Physiology, 61(1), 3-20.
Chen, T., Li, C., Zhang, B., Yi, J., Yang, Y., Kong, C., Lei, C. and Gong, M. (2019). The role of the late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) protein family in development and the abiotic stress response: a comprehensive expression analysis of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Genes (Basel). 10(2): 148. doi: 10.3390/genes10020148.
Chinnusamy, V., Zhu, J., Zhu, and J.K. (2007). Cold stress regulation of gene expression in plants. Trends in Plant Science. 12: 444-451.
Claeys, H., De Bodt, S. and Inzé, D. (2014). Gibberellins and DELLAs: central nodes in growth regulatory networks. Trends in Plant Science. 19: 231–239.
deFreitas, G.M., Thomas, J., Liyanage, R., Lay, J.O., Basu, S. and Ramegowda, V. (2019). Cold tolerance response mechanisms revealed through comparative analysis of gene and protein expression in multiple rice genotypes. PLoS ONE. 14: 1.19. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0218019.
Doherty, C.J., Van Buskirk, H.A., Myers, S.J. and Thomashow, M.F. (2009). Roles for Arabidopsis CAMTA transcription factors in cold-regulated gene expression and freezing tolerance. Plant Cell Online. 21: 972–984.
Ebadi, A., Karimi-alavijeh, M., Mousavi, S.A. and Salami, S.A. (2015). Quantitative expression analysis of CBF1 and CBF4 genes under cold stress treatments in grape cultivars “Khalili-Danedar”, “Shahroodi” in comparison with Vitis riparia. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 46: 379-386.
Eckardt, N.A. (2009). CAMTA proteins: a direct link between calcium signals and cold acclimation. Plant Cell Online. 21: 697–697.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D. and Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29: 185–212.
Guo, X., Zhang, L., Dong, G., Xu, Z., Li, G., Liu, N. and Zhu, J. (2019). A novel cold-regulated protein isolated from Saussurea involucrata confers cold and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Plant Science, 289: 110-246.
Gusta, L.V. and Wisniewski, M. (2013). Understanding Plant Cold Hardiness: An Opinion. PhysiologiaPlantarum.147: 4–14.
Guy, C.L. (1990). Cold acclimation and freezing stress tolerance: role of protein metabolism, Annually Review of Plant Physiology. 41: 187-223.
Han, G., Lu, C., Guo, J., Qiao, Z., Sui, N., Qiu, N. and Wang, B. (2020). C2H2 zinc finger proteins: Master regulators of abiotic stress responses in plants. Frontiers in plant science, 11, 115.
Hannah, M.A., Heyer, A.G. and Hincha, D.K. (2005). A global survey of gene regulation during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genetics. 1: 26.
Hsieh, T.H., Lee, J.T., Yang, P.T., Chiu, L.H., Charng, Y., Wang, Y.C. and Chan, M.T. (2002). Heterology expression of the Arabidopsis C-repeat/dehydration response element binding factor 1 gene confers elevated tolerance to chilling and oxidative stresses in transgenic tomato. Plant Physiology. 129: 1086-1094.
Hu, Y., Jiang, L., Wang, F. and Yu, D. (2013). Jasmonate regulates the inducer of CBF expression–c-repeat binding factor/DRE binding factor1 cascade and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 25:2907–2924.
Hummel, R.L. and Ophardt, M.C. (2016). Environmental Injury: Frost Cracks. Washington State University Extension Publication FS199E.
Isah, T. (2019). Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production. Biological Research. 52:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-019-0246-3
Jenks, M.A. and Wood, A.J. (2010). Genes for plant abiotic stress. Ames (IA): Wiley-Blackwell.
Jiang, Q.W., Kiyoharu, O. and Ryozo, I. (2002). Two novel mitogen-activated protein signaling components, OsMEK1 and OsMAP1, are involved in a moderate low-temperature signaling pathway in rice, Plant Physiology. 129: 1880–1891.
Jones, P.G. and Inouye, M. (1994). The cold shock response—a hot topic. Molecular microbiology. 11: 811-818.
Karimi Alavijeh, M., Ebadi, A., Mousavi, S. and Salami, S. (2015). Investigation of catalase, proxidase and total protein level in some cold treated grapevine cultivars cold stress response. Journal of Horticulture Science. 29: 103-110. (in Persian)
Karimi, M., Ebadi, A., Mousavi, S.A., Salami, S.A. and Zarei, A. (2015). Comparison of CBF1, CBF2, CBF3 and CBF4 expression in some grapevine cultivars and species under cold stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 197: 521–526.
Kim, Y.O., Kim, J.S. and Kang, H. (2005). Cold‐inducible zinc finger containing glycine rich RNA binding protein contributes to the enhancement of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal. 42: 890-900.
Kubien, D.S., Von Caemmerer, S., Furbank, R.T. and Sage, R.F. (2003). C4 photosynthesis at low temperature. A study using transgenic plants with reduced amounts of rubisco. Plant Physiology. 132: 1577-1585.
Kwak, J.M., Mori, I.C., Pei, Z.M., Leonhardt, N., Torres, M.A., Dangl, J.L., Bloom, R.E., Bodde, S., Jones, J. D.G. and Schroeder, J.I. (2003). NADPH oxidase AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes function in ROS-dependent ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. The EMBO Journal. 22: 2623-2633.
Mendel, R.R. and Bittner, F. (2006). Cell biology of molybdenum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research. 1763: 621-635.
Mendel, R.R. and Hansch, R. (2002). Molybdoenzymes and molybdenum cofactor in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 53: 1689–1698.
Miura, K. and Furumoto, T. (2013). Cold signaling and cold response in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.14: 5312–5337.
Nayyar, H., Chander, K., Kumar, S. and Bains, T. (2005). Glycine betaine mitigates cold stress damage in Chickpea. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 25: 381–388.
Olsen, J. E., Jensen, J. B., Mölmann, J. A., Ernsten, A. and Junttila, O. (2004). Photoperiodic Regulation of Apical Growth Cessation in Northern Tree Species: The Role of Phytochrome and Gibberellin. Pp 77–112. In R. Arora, editor, Adaptations and Responses of Woody Plants to Environmental Stresses. New York: Haworth Press.
Rubio, S. and Pérez, F.J. (2019). ABA and its signaling pathway are involved in the cold acclimation and deacclimation of grapevine buds.Scientia Horticulturae, 256: 108565.
Rihan, H.Z., Al-Issawi, M. and Fuller, M.P. (2017). Advances in physiological and molecular aspects of plant cold tolerance. Journal of Plant Interactions. 12:1, 143-157
Ritonga, F.N. and Chen, S. (2020). Physiological and Molecular Mechanism Involved in Cold Stress Tolerance in Plants. Plants. 9: 560.
Sanchez, J., Mangat, P.K. and Angeles-Shim, R.B. (2019). Weathering the cold: modifying membrane and storage fatty acid composition of seeds to improve cold germination ability in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Agronomy, 9: 684.
Sanghera, G.S. and Wani, S.H. (2008). Innovative approaches to enhance genetic potential of rice for higher productivity under temperate conditions of Kashmir. Journal of Plant Science Research. 24: 99-113.
Sanghera, G.S., Zarger M.A., Anwar, A., Singh, S.P., Ahmad, N. and Rather, M.A. (2003). Studies on spikelet fertility and incidence of leaf blast mechanisms against oxidative stress. Physiology Plant. 117: 540-549.
Sun, X., Zhao, T., Gan, S., Ren, X., Fang, L., Karungo, S.K., Wang, Y., Chen, L., Li, S. and Xin, H. (2016). Ethylene positively regulates cold tolerance in grapevine by modulating the expression of ethylene response factor. Scientific Reports. 6.
Sun, X., Zhu, Z., Zhang, L., Fang, L., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., Li, S., Liang, Z. and Xin, H. (2019). Overexpression of ethylene response factors VaERF080 and VaERF087 from Vitis amurensis enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis Scientia Horticulturae. 243: 320–326.
Suzuki K., Nagasuga K. and Okada M. (2008). The chilling injury induced by high root temperature in the leaves of rice seedlings. Plant Cell Physiology. 49: 433–442.
Ton, J., Flors, V. and Mauch-Mani, B. (2009). The multifaceted role of ABA in disease resistance. Trends in Plant Science - Cell Press. 14: 310–317.
Uemura M. and Steponkus P.L. (1997). Effect of cold acclimation on membrane lipid composition and freeze induced membrane destabilization, in: Plant Cold Hardiness, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Physiology. Plenum, New York. 171-79.
Wang, F., Chen, S., Liang, D., Qu, G. Z., Chen, S. and Zhao, X. (2020a). Transcriptomic analyses of Pinus koraiensis under different cold stresses. BMC genomics. 21(1): 1-14.
Wang, H., Blakeslee, J. J., Jones, M. L., Chapin, L.J. and Dami, I.E. (2020b). Exogenous abscisic acid enhances physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional cold acclimation responses in greenhouse-grown grapevines. Plant Science. 110437.
Winfield, M.O., Lu, C., Wilson, I.D., Coghill, J.A. and Edwards, K.J. (2010). Plant responses to cold: transcriptome analysis of wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 8(7): 749-771.
Xue-Xuan, X., Hong-Bo, S., Yuan-Yuan, M., Gang, X., Jun-Na, S., Dong-Gang, G. and Cheng-Jiang, R. (2010). Biotechnological implications from abscisic acid (ABA) roles in cold stress and leaf senescence as an important signal for improving plant sustainable survival under abiotic-stressed conditions. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 30: 222–230.
Xu, Y., Hu, W., Liu, J., Song, S., Hou, X., Jia, C. and Xu, B. (2020). An aquaporin gene MaPIP2-7 is involved in tolerance to drought, cold and salt stresses in transgenic banana (Musa acuminata L.).Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 147: 66-76.
Yadav, S.K. (2010). Cold stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development. 30(3): 515-527.
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. and Shinozaki, K. (2006). Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stresses. Annual Review Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 57: 781-803.
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Ambroise, V., Legay, S., Guerriero, G., Hausman, J.F., Cuypers, A. and Sergeant, K. (2020). The roots of plant frost hardiness and tolerance. Plant and Cell Physiology, 61(1), 3-20.
Chen, T., Li, C., Zhang, B., Yi, J., Yang, Y., Kong, C., Lei, C. and Gong, M. (2019). The role of the late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) protein family in development and the abiotic stress response: a comprehensive expression analysis of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Genes (Basel). 10(2): 148. doi: 10.3390/genes10020148.
Chinnusamy, V., Zhu, J., Zhu, and J.K. (2007). Cold stress regulation of gene expression in plants. Trends in Plant Science. 12: 444-451.
Claeys, H., De Bodt, S. and Inzé, D. (2014). Gibberellins and DELLAs: central nodes in growth regulatory networks. Trends in Plant Science. 19: 231–239.
deFreitas, G.M., Thomas, J., Liyanage, R., Lay, J.O., Basu, S. and Ramegowda, V. (2019). Cold tolerance response mechanisms revealed through comparative analysis of gene and protein expression in multiple rice genotypes. PLoS ONE. 14: 1.19. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0218019.
Doherty, C.J., Van Buskirk, H.A., Myers, S.J. and Thomashow, M.F. (2009). Roles for Arabidopsis CAMTA transcription factors in cold-regulated gene expression and freezing tolerance. Plant Cell Online. 21: 972–984.
Ebadi, A., Karimi-alavijeh, M., Mousavi, S.A. and Salami, S.A. (2015). Quantitative expression analysis of CBF1 and CBF4 genes under cold stress treatments in grape cultivars “Khalili-Danedar”, “Shahroodi” in comparison with Vitis riparia. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 46: 379-386.
Eckardt, N.A. (2009). CAMTA proteins: a direct link between calcium signals and cold acclimation. Plant Cell Online. 21: 697–697.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D. and Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29: 185–212.
Guo, X., Zhang, L., Dong, G., Xu, Z., Li, G., Liu, N. and Zhu, J. (2019). A novel cold-regulated protein isolated from Saussurea involucrata confers cold and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Plant Science, 289: 110-246.
Gusta, L.V. and Wisniewski, M. (2013). Understanding Plant Cold Hardiness: An Opinion. PhysiologiaPlantarum.147: 4–14.
Guy, C.L. (1990). Cold acclimation and freezing stress tolerance: role of protein metabolism, Annually Review of Plant Physiology. 41: 187-223.
Han, G., Lu, C., Guo, J., Qiao, Z., Sui, N., Qiu, N. and Wang, B. (2020). C2H2 zinc finger proteins: Master regulators of abiotic stress responses in plants. Frontiers in plant science, 11, 115.
Hannah, M.A., Heyer, A.G. and Hincha, D.K. (2005). A global survey of gene regulation during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genetics. 1: 26.
Hsieh, T.H., Lee, J.T., Yang, P.T., Chiu, L.H., Charng, Y., Wang, Y.C. and Chan, M.T. (2002). Heterology expression of the Arabidopsis C-repeat/dehydration response element binding factor 1 gene confers elevated tolerance to chilling and oxidative stresses in transgenic tomato. Plant Physiology. 129: 1086-1094.
Hu, Y., Jiang, L., Wang, F. and Yu, D. (2013). Jasmonate regulates the inducer of CBF expression–c-repeat binding factor/DRE binding factor1 cascade and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 25:2907–2924.
Hummel, R.L. and Ophardt, M.C. (2016). Environmental Injury: Frost Cracks. Washington State University Extension Publication FS199E.
Isah, T. (2019). Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production. Biological Research. 52:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-019-0246-3
Jenks, M.A. and Wood, A.J. (2010). Genes for plant abiotic stress. Ames (IA): Wiley-Blackwell.
Jiang, Q.W., Kiyoharu, O. and Ryozo, I. (2002). Two novel mitogen-activated protein signaling components, OsMEK1 and OsMAP1, are involved in a moderate low-temperature signaling pathway in rice, Plant Physiology. 129: 1880–1891.
Jones, P.G. and Inouye, M. (1994). The cold shock response—a hot topic. Molecular microbiology. 11: 811-818.
Karimi Alavijeh, M., Ebadi, A., Mousavi, S. and Salami, S. (2015). Investigation of catalase, proxidase and total protein level in some cold treated grapevine cultivars cold stress response. Journal of Horticulture Science. 29: 103-110. (in Persian)
Karimi, M., Ebadi, A., Mousavi, S.A., Salami, S.A. and Zarei, A. (2015). Comparison of CBF1, CBF2, CBF3 and CBF4 expression in some grapevine cultivars and species under cold stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 197: 521–526.
Kim, Y.O., Kim, J.S. and Kang, H. (2005). Cold‐inducible zinc finger containing glycine rich RNA binding protein contributes to the enhancement of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal. 42: 890-900.
Kubien, D.S., Von Caemmerer, S., Furbank, R.T. and Sage, R.F. (2003). C4 photosynthesis at low temperature. A study using transgenic plants with reduced amounts of rubisco. Plant Physiology. 132: 1577-1585.
Kwak, J.M., Mori, I.C., Pei, Z.M., Leonhardt, N., Torres, M.A., Dangl, J.L., Bloom, R.E., Bodde, S., Jones, J. D.G. and Schroeder, J.I. (2003). NADPH oxidase AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes function in ROS-dependent ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. The EMBO Journal. 22: 2623-2633.
Mendel, R.R. and Bittner, F. (2006). Cell biology of molybdenum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research. 1763: 621-635.
Mendel, R.R. and Hansch, R. (2002). Molybdoenzymes and molybdenum cofactor in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 53: 1689–1698.
Miura, K. and Furumoto, T. (2013). Cold signaling and cold response in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.14: 5312–5337.
Nayyar, H., Chander, K., Kumar, S. and Bains, T. (2005). Glycine betaine mitigates cold stress damage in Chickpea. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 25: 381–388.
Olsen, J. E., Jensen, J. B., Mölmann, J. A., Ernsten, A. and Junttila, O. (2004). Photoperiodic Regulation of Apical Growth Cessation in Northern Tree Species: The Role of Phytochrome and Gibberellin. Pp 77–112. In R. Arora, editor, Adaptations and Responses of Woody Plants to Environmental Stresses. New York: Haworth Press.
Rubio, S. and Pérez, F.J. (2019). ABA and its signaling pathway are involved in the cold acclimation and deacclimation of grapevine buds.Scientia Horticulturae, 256: 108565.
Rihan, H.Z., Al-Issawi, M. and Fuller, M.P. (2017). Advances in physiological and molecular aspects of plant cold tolerance. Journal of Plant Interactions. 12:1, 143-157
Ritonga, F.N. and Chen, S. (2020). Physiological and Molecular Mechanism Involved in Cold Stress Tolerance in Plants. Plants. 9: 560.
Sanchez, J., Mangat, P.K. and Angeles-Shim, R.B. (2019). Weathering the cold: modifying membrane and storage fatty acid composition of seeds to improve cold germination ability in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Agronomy, 9: 684.
Sanghera, G.S. and Wani, S.H. (2008). Innovative approaches to enhance genetic potential of rice for higher productivity under temperate conditions of Kashmir. Journal of Plant Science Research. 24: 99-113.
Sanghera, G.S., Zarger M.A., Anwar, A., Singh, S.P., Ahmad, N. and Rather, M.A. (2003). Studies on spikelet fertility and incidence of leaf blast mechanisms against oxidative stress. Physiology Plant. 117: 540-549.
Sun, X., Zhao, T., Gan, S., Ren, X., Fang, L., Karungo, S.K., Wang, Y., Chen, L., Li, S. and Xin, H. (2016). Ethylene positively regulates cold tolerance in grapevine by modulating the expression of ethylene response factor. Scientific Reports. 6.
Sun, X., Zhu, Z., Zhang, L., Fang, L., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., Li, S., Liang, Z. and Xin, H. (2019). Overexpression of ethylene response factors VaERF080 and VaERF087 from Vitis amurensis enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis Scientia Horticulturae. 243: 320–326.
Suzuki K., Nagasuga K. and Okada M. (2008). The chilling injury induced by high root temperature in the leaves of rice seedlings. Plant Cell Physiology. 49: 433–442.
Ton, J., Flors, V. and Mauch-Mani, B. (2009). The multifaceted role of ABA in disease resistance. Trends in Plant Science - Cell Press. 14: 310–317.
Uemura M. and Steponkus P.L. (1997). Effect of cold acclimation on membrane lipid composition and freeze induced membrane destabilization, in: Plant Cold Hardiness, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Physiology. Plenum, New York. 171-79.
Wang, F., Chen, S., Liang, D., Qu, G. Z., Chen, S. and Zhao, X. (2020a). Transcriptomic analyses of Pinus koraiensis under different cold stresses. BMC genomics. 21(1): 1-14.
Wang, H., Blakeslee, J. J., Jones, M. L., Chapin, L.J. and Dami, I.E. (2020b). Exogenous abscisic acid enhances physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional cold acclimation responses in greenhouse-grown grapevines. Plant Science. 110437.
Winfield, M.O., Lu, C., Wilson, I.D., Coghill, J.A. and Edwards, K.J. (2010). Plant responses to cold: transcriptome analysis of wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 8(7): 749-771.
Xue-Xuan, X., Hong-Bo, S., Yuan-Yuan, M., Gang, X., Jun-Na, S., Dong-Gang, G. and Cheng-Jiang, R. (2010). Biotechnological implications from abscisic acid (ABA) roles in cold stress and leaf senescence as an important signal for improving plant sustainable survival under abiotic-stressed conditions. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 30: 222–230.
Xu, Y., Hu, W., Liu, J., Song, S., Hou, X., Jia, C. and Xu, B. (2020). An aquaporin gene MaPIP2-7 is involved in tolerance to drought, cold and salt stresses in transgenic banana (Musa acuminata L.).Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 147: 66-76.
Yadav, S.K. (2010). Cold stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development. 30(3): 515-527.
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. and Shinozaki, K. (2006). Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stresses. Annual Review Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 57: 781-803.
