بررسی تاثیر محلول پاشی اسید آسکوربیک بر فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان ارقام ماش (Vigna radiate L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبی
الموضوعات :
محمد جهانبخشی
1
(گروه زراعت، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران.)
مهدی صادقی
2
(گروه زراعت، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران.)
محمود توحیدی
3
(گروه زراعت، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران.)
فربد فتوحی
4
(گروه زراعت، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران.)
سیدعلی فاضل زاده
5
(گروه زراعت، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: آسکوربات پراکسیداز, کاتالاز, محلول پاشی, تنش کم آبی, گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز, آسکوربیک اسید, سیستم آنتی اکسیدان,
ملخص المقالة :
به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی آسکوربیک اسید بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان ژنوتیپ های ماش (Vigna Radiate L.) در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی‌آباد دزفول به اجرا در آمد. تیمارهای تنش کم‌آبی در کرت‌های اصلی شامل چهار سطح (25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد تأمین نیاز آبی گیاه) و تلفیق تیمار محلول پاشی آسکوربیک اسید شامل 3 سطح (شاهد، 10 و 20 میلی مولار) و ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش CV 6173 و پرتو در کرت‌های فرعی بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در تنش کم آبی 25 درصد نیاز آبی و عدم محلول‌پاشی بود. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز تحت تنش کم آبی 50 درصد نیاز آبی و تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی آسکوربیک اسید مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز در رقم امید بخش VC6173 تحت تنش کم آبی 25 درصد نیاز آبی و عدم محلول‌پاشی آسکوربیک اسید بدست آمد بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز نیز به رقم امیدبخش VC6173 تحت تنش کم آبی 75 درصد نیاز آبی و محلول‌پاشی 10 میلی مولار آسکوربیک تعلق داشت.به طور کلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تنش کم آبی منجر به افزایش معنی دار فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان شد و محلول پاشی آسکوربیک‌اسید به دلیل خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی خود منجر به کاهش اثرات تنش و در نتیجه کاهش فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان گشت.
Abdul Jaleel, C. Riadh, K. Gopi, R. Manivannan, P. Ines, J. Al-Juburi, H. J. Chang-Xing, Z. Hong-Bo, S. and Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Antioxidant defense responses: physiological plasticity in higher plants under abiotic constrains. Acta Physiologia Plantarum 31: 427-436.
Afkari, A. (2017). Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Developmental Biology. 9)3:(33-44.
Ahmad, P. Jaleel, C.A. Salem, M. A. Nabi, G. and Sharma, S. (2010). Roles of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in plants during abiotic stress. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 30 (3):161-175.
Ahmed, S. Nawata, E. Hosokawa, M. Domae, Y. and Sakuratani, T. (2002). Alterations in photosynthesis and some antioxidant enzymatic activity of mung bean subjected to waterlogging. Journal of Plant Science. 163: 117-123.
Akram, N. A., Shafiq, F. and Ashraf, M. (2017). Ascorbic acid-a potential oxidant scavenger and its role in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Frontiers in plant science. (8): 601-613.
Alderfasi, A. A., Alzarqaa, A. A., Al-Yahya, F. A., Roushdy, S. S., Dawabah, A. A. and Alhammad, B. A. (2017). Effect of combined biotic and abiotic stress on some physiological aspects and antioxidant enzymatic activity in mungbean (Vigna radiate L.). Africal Journal Agricalture Research. 12 (9): 700-705.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome, 300. (9). D05109.
Amini, F. Askari, M. and Haghir, M. (2017). Changes in protein and antioxidant system of Cucumis sativus cv. Isfahani in response to drought stress. Journal of Cell & Tissue (JCT). 7(4): 375-386.
Arab, P. Bradaran Firouzabadi, M. Asghari, H. Gholami, A. and Rahimi, M. (2011). The effect of ascorbic acid and sodium nitroposide spraying on some safflower characteristics under irrigation tension. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Congress of Plant Breeding. Islamic Azad University. Karaj Branch. Karaj. 16-14.
Aydinsakir, K., Erdal, S., Buyuktas, D., Bastug, R. and Toker, R. (2013). The influence of regular deficit irrigation applications on water use, yield, and quality components of two corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Agricultural water management. (128): 65-71.
Basu, S., Ramegowda, V., Kumar, A. and Pereira, A. (2016). Plant adaptation to drought stress. F1000 Research, 5.
Bangar, P., Chaudhury, A., Tiwari, B., Kumar, S., Kumari, R. and Bhat, K. V. (2019). Morphophysiological and biochemical response of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties at different developmental stages under drought stress. Turkish Journal of Biology. 43 (1): 58-69.
Bharadwaj, N., Gogoi, N., Barthakur, S. and Basumatary, N. (2018). Morphophysiological responses in different mungbean genotypes under drought stress. Research Journal Recent Science. 7 (7): 1-5.
Caverzan, A., Casassola, A. and Brammer, S. P. (2016). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes involved in plant tolerance to stress. SHANKER AK & SHANKER C. Abiotic and biotic stress in plants-Recent advances and future perspectives. Publisher InTech. 463-480.
Chagas, R. Silveira, J. Ribeiro, R. Vitorello, V. and Ca-rrer, H. (2008). Photochemical damage and comparative performance of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate pe-roxidase in sugarcane leaves exposed to paraquatindu-ced oxidative stress. iolgy Journal. (90):181-188.
Chance, B. and Maehly, A.C. (1955). Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods in Enzymologist. (11): 764 - 755.
Chang, C. J. and Kao, C. H. (1998). H2O2 metabolism during senescence of rice leaves: changes in enzyme activities in light and darkness. Plant Growth Regulation Journal. 25. (1): 11-15.
Dolatabadian, A., Sanavy, S. M. and Chashmi, N. A. (2008). The effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation of canola (Brassica napus L.) under conditions of salt stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 194. (3): 206-213.
El-Beltagi, H. S., Mohamed, H. I. and Sofy, M. R. (2020). Role of Ascorbic acid, Glutathione and Proline Applied as Singly or in Sequence Combination in Improving Chickpea Plant through Physiological Change and Antioxidant Defense under Different Levels of Irrigation Intervals. Molecules Journal. 25. (7): 1702.
Farooq, A., Bukhari, S. A., Akram, N. A., Ashraf, M., Wijaya, L., Alyemeni, M. N. and Ahmad, P. (2020). Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.). Plants Journal. 9. (1): 92-104.
Fahad, S., Bajwa, A. A., Nazir, U., Anjum, S. A., Farooq, A., Zohaib, A. and Ihsan, M. Z. (2017). Crop production under drought and heat stress: plant responses and management options. Frontiers in plant science Journal. (8):, 23-47.
Giannopolitis, C. N. and Rie, S. K. (1977). Superoxide dismutases. I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology. (59): 309 - 314.
Gunes, A. Cicek, N. Inal, A. Alpaslan, M. Eraslan, F. Guneri, E. and Guzelordu, T. (2006). Genotypic response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars to drought stress implemented at pre-and postanthesis stages and its relations with nutrient uptake and efficiency. Journal of Plant Soil Environment. (52): 868-876.
Helal, R. M. and Samir, M. A. (2008). Comprative response of drought tolorant and drought sensitive maize genotypes to water stress. Australian Journal crops science. (1): 31-36.
Lu, Y., Chang, X. and Guo, X. (2019). Dynamic changes of ascorbic acid, phenolics biosynthesis and antioxidant activities in mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) until maturation. Plants, 8(3), 75.
Mercado, J. A. Matas, A. J. Heredia, A. Valpuesta, V. and Quesada, M. (2004). Changes in the water binding characteristics of the cell walls from transgenic Nicotiana tabacum leaves with enhanced levels of peroxidase activity. Plant Physiology. (122): 504-512.
Mittler, R. Vanderauwera, S. Gollery, M. and Breusegem, F. V. (2004). Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends in Plant Science. (9): 490-498.
Nakano, Y. and Asad, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology. (22): 867–880.
Nasr Esfahani, M. (2013). Effect of water-deficit Stress on Growth and Antioxidant System in Three Chickpea Cultivars. Herbal Biology. 5. (15): 111-124.
Nickel, K. S. and Cunningham, B. A. (1969). Improved peroxidase assay method using leuco 2, 3′, 6-trichloroindophenol and application to comparative measurements of peroxidatic catalysis. Analytical Biochemistry. 27. (2): 292-299.
Niu, L. and Liao, W. (2016). Hydrogen peroxide signaling in plant development and abiotic responses: crosstalk with nitric oxide and calcium. Frontiers in Plant Science. (7): 230-245.
Noctor, G. and Foyer, C. H. (1998). Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under control. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. (49): 249-279.
Rahal, A. Kumar, A. Singh, V. Yadav, B. Tiwari, R. Chakraborty, S. and Dhama, K. (2014). Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: the interplay. BioMed Research International.
Sajid, Z. A. and Aftab, F. (2009). Amelioration of salinity tolerance in Solanum tuberosum L. by exogenous application of ascorbic acid. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant. 45. (5): 529- 540.
Samota, M. K., Sasi, M., Awana, M., Yadav, O. P., Amitha Mithra, S. V., Tyagi, A., Kumar, S. & Singh, A. (2017). Elicitor-induced biochemical and molecular manifestations to improve drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through seed-priming. Frontiers in plant science. (8): 911-934.
Singh, R., Singh, S., Parihar, P., Mishra, R. K., Tripathi, D. K., Singh, V. P., Devendra, K. C. and Prasad, S. M. (2016). Reactive oxygen species (ROS): beneficial companions of plants’ developmental processes. Frontiers in plant science (7): 84-99.
Swathi, L., Reddy, D. M., Sudhakar, P. and Vineela, V. (2017). Screening of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes against water stress mediated through polyethylene glycol. International Journal Curr Microbiol Application Science. 6. (10): 2524-2531.
Sayfzadeh, S. and Rashidi, M. (2011). Response of antioxidant enzymes activities of sugarbeet to drought stress. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 6. (4): 27-33.
Seyed Ebrahimi, F. S. Hasani Komala, H. Alamali, A. and Rezaodoost, M. H. (2015). Effect of water-deficit stress on morphological traits and activity of antioxidant enzymes of Brassica Napus. Process and Plant Yield. 4. (14): 77-91.
Simova-Stoilova, L. Demirevska, K. Petrova, T. Tsenov, N. and Feller, U. (2008). Antioxidative protection in wheat varieties under severe recoverable drought at seedling stage. Plant Soil Environment. (54): 529-536.
Singh, N. and Bhardwaj, R. D. (2016). Ascorbic acid alleviates water deficit induced growth inhibition in wheat seedlings by modulating levels of endogenous antioxidants. Biologial science. 71. (4): 402-413.
Singh, R., Singh, M. K., Singh, A. K. and Singh, C. (2018). Pulses production in India: Issues and elucidations.
Tohidi-Moghaddam, H. R. Shirani-Rad, A. R. Noormohammadi, G. Habibi, D. and Boojar, M. M. A. (2009). Effect of super absorbent application on antioxidant enzyme activities in canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under water stress conditions. American Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science. (4): 215-223.
Upadhyaya, H. and Panda, S. K. (2004). Responses of Camellia sinensis to drought and rehydration. Biologia Plantarum. 48. (4): 597-600.
Venkatesh, J. and Park, S. W. (2014). Role of L-ascorbate in alleviating abiotic stresses in crop plants. Botanical studies. 55. (1): 21-38.
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Abdul Jaleel, C. Riadh, K. Gopi, R. Manivannan, P. Ines, J. Al-Juburi, H. J. Chang-Xing, Z. Hong-Bo, S. and Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Antioxidant defense responses: physiological plasticity in higher plants under abiotic constrains. Acta Physiologia Plantarum 31: 427-436.
Afkari, A. (2017). Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Developmental Biology. 9)3:(33-44.
Ahmad, P. Jaleel, C.A. Salem, M. A. Nabi, G. and Sharma, S. (2010). Roles of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in plants during abiotic stress. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 30 (3):161-175.
Ahmed, S. Nawata, E. Hosokawa, M. Domae, Y. and Sakuratani, T. (2002). Alterations in photosynthesis and some antioxidant enzymatic activity of mung bean subjected to waterlogging. Journal of Plant Science. 163: 117-123.
Akram, N. A., Shafiq, F. and Ashraf, M. (2017). Ascorbic acid-a potential oxidant scavenger and its role in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Frontiers in plant science. (8): 601-613.
Alderfasi, A. A., Alzarqaa, A. A., Al-Yahya, F. A., Roushdy, S. S., Dawabah, A. A. and Alhammad, B. A. (2017). Effect of combined biotic and abiotic stress on some physiological aspects and antioxidant enzymatic activity in mungbean (Vigna radiate L.). Africal Journal Agricalture Research. 12 (9): 700-705.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome, 300. (9). D05109.
Amini, F. Askari, M. and Haghir, M. (2017). Changes in protein and antioxidant system of Cucumis sativus cv. Isfahani in response to drought stress. Journal of Cell & Tissue (JCT). 7(4): 375-386.
Arab, P. Bradaran Firouzabadi, M. Asghari, H. Gholami, A. and Rahimi, M. (2011). The effect of ascorbic acid and sodium nitroposide spraying on some safflower characteristics under irrigation tension. Proceedings of the 12th Iranian Congress of Plant Breeding. Islamic Azad University. Karaj Branch. Karaj. 16-14.
Aydinsakir, K., Erdal, S., Buyuktas, D., Bastug, R. and Toker, R. (2013). The influence of regular deficit irrigation applications on water use, yield, and quality components of two corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Agricultural water management. (128): 65-71.
Basu, S., Ramegowda, V., Kumar, A. and Pereira, A. (2016). Plant adaptation to drought stress. F1000 Research, 5.
Bangar, P., Chaudhury, A., Tiwari, B., Kumar, S., Kumari, R. and Bhat, K. V. (2019). Morphophysiological and biochemical response of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties at different developmental stages under drought stress. Turkish Journal of Biology. 43 (1): 58-69.
Bharadwaj, N., Gogoi, N., Barthakur, S. and Basumatary, N. (2018). Morphophysiological responses in different mungbean genotypes under drought stress. Research Journal Recent Science. 7 (7): 1-5.
Caverzan, A., Casassola, A. and Brammer, S. P. (2016). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes involved in plant tolerance to stress. SHANKER AK & SHANKER C. Abiotic and biotic stress in plants-Recent advances and future perspectives. Publisher InTech. 463-480.
Chagas, R. Silveira, J. Ribeiro, R. Vitorello, V. and Ca-rrer, H. (2008). Photochemical damage and comparative performance of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate pe-roxidase in sugarcane leaves exposed to paraquatindu-ced oxidative stress. iolgy Journal. (90):181-188.
Chance, B. and Maehly, A.C. (1955). Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods in Enzymologist. (11): 764 - 755.
Chang, C. J. and Kao, C. H. (1998). H2O2 metabolism during senescence of rice leaves: changes in enzyme activities in light and darkness. Plant Growth Regulation Journal. 25. (1): 11-15.
Dolatabadian, A., Sanavy, S. M. and Chashmi, N. A. (2008). The effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation of canola (Brassica napus L.) under conditions of salt stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 194. (3): 206-213.
El-Beltagi, H. S., Mohamed, H. I. and Sofy, M. R. (2020). Role of Ascorbic acid, Glutathione and Proline Applied as Singly or in Sequence Combination in Improving Chickpea Plant through Physiological Change and Antioxidant Defense under Different Levels of Irrigation Intervals. Molecules Journal. 25. (7): 1702.
Farooq, A., Bukhari, S. A., Akram, N. A., Ashraf, M., Wijaya, L., Alyemeni, M. N. and Ahmad, P. (2020). Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.). Plants Journal. 9. (1): 92-104.
Fahad, S., Bajwa, A. A., Nazir, U., Anjum, S. A., Farooq, A., Zohaib, A. and Ihsan, M. Z. (2017). Crop production under drought and heat stress: plant responses and management options. Frontiers in plant science Journal. (8):, 23-47.
Giannopolitis, C. N. and Rie, S. K. (1977). Superoxide dismutases. I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology. (59): 309 - 314.
Gunes, A. Cicek, N. Inal, A. Alpaslan, M. Eraslan, F. Guneri, E. and Guzelordu, T. (2006). Genotypic response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars to drought stress implemented at pre-and postanthesis stages and its relations with nutrient uptake and efficiency. Journal of Plant Soil Environment. (52): 868-876.
Helal, R. M. and Samir, M. A. (2008). Comprative response of drought tolorant and drought sensitive maize genotypes to water stress. Australian Journal crops science. (1): 31-36.
Lu, Y., Chang, X. and Guo, X. (2019). Dynamic changes of ascorbic acid, phenolics biosynthesis and antioxidant activities in mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) until maturation. Plants, 8(3), 75.
Mercado, J. A. Matas, A. J. Heredia, A. Valpuesta, V. and Quesada, M. (2004). Changes in the water binding characteristics of the cell walls from transgenic Nicotiana tabacum leaves with enhanced levels of peroxidase activity. Plant Physiology. (122): 504-512.
Mittler, R. Vanderauwera, S. Gollery, M. and Breusegem, F. V. (2004). Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends in Plant Science. (9): 490-498.
Nakano, Y. and Asad, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology. (22): 867–880.
Nasr Esfahani, M. (2013). Effect of water-deficit Stress on Growth and Antioxidant System in Three Chickpea Cultivars. Herbal Biology. 5. (15): 111-124.
Nickel, K. S. and Cunningham, B. A. (1969). Improved peroxidase assay method using leuco 2, 3′, 6-trichloroindophenol and application to comparative measurements of peroxidatic catalysis. Analytical Biochemistry. 27. (2): 292-299.
Niu, L. and Liao, W. (2016). Hydrogen peroxide signaling in plant development and abiotic responses: crosstalk with nitric oxide and calcium. Frontiers in Plant Science. (7): 230-245.
Noctor, G. and Foyer, C. H. (1998). Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under control. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. (49): 249-279.
Rahal, A. Kumar, A. Singh, V. Yadav, B. Tiwari, R. Chakraborty, S. and Dhama, K. (2014). Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: the interplay. BioMed Research International.
Sajid, Z. A. and Aftab, F. (2009). Amelioration of salinity tolerance in Solanum tuberosum L. by exogenous application of ascorbic acid. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant. 45. (5): 529- 540.
Samota, M. K., Sasi, M., Awana, M., Yadav, O. P., Amitha Mithra, S. V., Tyagi, A., Kumar, S. & Singh, A. (2017). Elicitor-induced biochemical and molecular manifestations to improve drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through seed-priming. Frontiers in plant science. (8): 911-934.
Singh, R., Singh, S., Parihar, P., Mishra, R. K., Tripathi, D. K., Singh, V. P., Devendra, K. C. and Prasad, S. M. (2016). Reactive oxygen species (ROS): beneficial companions of plants’ developmental processes. Frontiers in plant science (7): 84-99.
Swathi, L., Reddy, D. M., Sudhakar, P. and Vineela, V. (2017). Screening of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes against water stress mediated through polyethylene glycol. International Journal Curr Microbiol Application Science. 6. (10): 2524-2531.
Sayfzadeh, S. and Rashidi, M. (2011). Response of antioxidant enzymes activities of sugarbeet to drought stress. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 6. (4): 27-33.
Seyed Ebrahimi, F. S. Hasani Komala, H. Alamali, A. and Rezaodoost, M. H. (2015). Effect of water-deficit stress on morphological traits and activity of antioxidant enzymes of Brassica Napus. Process and Plant Yield. 4. (14): 77-91.
Simova-Stoilova, L. Demirevska, K. Petrova, T. Tsenov, N. and Feller, U. (2008). Antioxidative protection in wheat varieties under severe recoverable drought at seedling stage. Plant Soil Environment. (54): 529-536.
Singh, N. and Bhardwaj, R. D. (2016). Ascorbic acid alleviates water deficit induced growth inhibition in wheat seedlings by modulating levels of endogenous antioxidants. Biologial science. 71. (4): 402-413.
Singh, R., Singh, M. K., Singh, A. K. and Singh, C. (2018). Pulses production in India: Issues and elucidations.
Tohidi-Moghaddam, H. R. Shirani-Rad, A. R. Noormohammadi, G. Habibi, D. and Boojar, M. M. A. (2009). Effect of super absorbent application on antioxidant enzyme activities in canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under water stress conditions. American Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science. (4): 215-223.
Upadhyaya, H. and Panda, S. K. (2004). Responses of Camellia sinensis to drought and rehydration. Biologia Plantarum. 48. (4): 597-600.
Venkatesh, J. and Park, S. W. (2014). Role of L-ascorbate in alleviating abiotic stresses in crop plants. Botanical studies. 55. (1): 21-38.
