بررسی پاسخ برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ارقام خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.) به تنش خشکی و محلول‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن
الموضوعات :
نفیسه مهدی نژاد
1
(گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
حمیده جمالپور
2
(گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
براتعلی فاخری
3
(گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
حمیده آزاد قوجه‌بیگلو
4
(گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: تنش خشکی, عناصر غذایی, عملکرد دانه, خرفه, تغذیه برگی, رنگیزه فتوسنتزی, نانو آهن,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن و تنش خشکی بر تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ارقام خرفه، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جهاد کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان اهر در سال 1394 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح تنش خشکی (90 (شاهد)، 70 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، دو سطح نانو کلات آهن ( صفر (شاهد) و یک لیتر در هکتار) و دو رقم خرفه (تهران و کازرون) بود. نتایج نشان داد محلول پاشی آهن در شرایط تنش خشکی تأثیر معنی داری بر برخی صفات داشت، به طوری که بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل b در شرایط نرمال آبیاری و محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن، بیشترین غلظت سدیم از برهم کنش 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و عدم محلول‌پاشی و بیشترین پتاسیم در شرایط خشکی 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن حاصل گردید. با توجه به معنی داری اثرات سه جانبه، بیشترین میزان پرولین، قند محلول و میزان آهن از رقم کازرون در شرایط خشکی 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی با محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن حاصل گردید. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a ، کارتنوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها از محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن بر رقم کازرون در شرایط آبیاری نرمال به دست آمد. همچنین در شرایط تنش استفاده از نانو کلات آهن نسبت به شاهد موجب افزایش 66/32 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید و رقم کازرون نسبت به رقم تهران برتری داشت به طوری که عملکرد دانه رقم کازرون 31/1 برابر رقم تهران بود.
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Aain, A. (2012). Changes in proline content, soluble carbohydrates and absorption of potassium, zinc and calcium in sesame genotypes under drought stress. journal of crop production in environmental stress conditions. 4 (3): 40-48. (Persian).
Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi ashourabadi, E., Lebaschi, M.H., Naderi Hajibagher, Kandy, M. and Moghadami, F. (2008). The effect of drought stress on proline contents, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and relative water contents of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 23(4): 505-513. (Persian).
Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi-Ashoorabadi, A. and Farajelahi, M. (2007). Effect of drought stress on physiological traits of melissa officinalis L. second national congress of ecological agriculture in Iran. Gorgan. (Persian).
Abdel-Moez, M.R. (1996). Dry matter yield and nutrient uptake of corn as affected by some organic waste applied to a sandy soil. Annals of Agricultural Science, 34:1319-1330.
Abdul-Majid, S., Rehana, A. and Ghulam, M. (2007). Potassium-calcium interrelationship linked to drought tolerance in wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39(1): 609-1621.
Ahmadi., Kh. and Omidi, H. (2017). Evaluation of drought effect on quantitative and qualitative populations of bungalow medicinal plants. Enviromental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 318-307. (Persian).
Amal, A.M. and Aly, A.A. (2008). Alteration of some secondary metabolites and enzymes activity by using exogenous antioxidant compound in onion plants growth under seawater salt stress. American Eurasian Journal of Science Research. 3: 139-146.
Amiri Nejad, M., Akbari, Gh. A., Baqi-Zadeh, A., Alah-dadi, A., Shahbazi, M. and Naimi, M. (2015). Effect of drought stress and foliar iron and zinc on some biochemical traits of cumin plant. agricultural crop (Journal of Agricultural Sciences). 17 (4): 855-866. (Persian).
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Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P. and Teare, E.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
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Hashemi, E., Mahdinezhad, N., Fakheri, B.A. and MohammadpourVashvai, R. (2018). The effect of biomic and nano biofertilizers (iron, zinc, manganese) on economic performance, antioxidant enzymes and concentration of some sour tea elements. Hibiscus sabdariffa under drought stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 13(51): 107-119. (Persian).
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Heidari, M. and Rezapor, A.R. (2011). Effect of water stress and sulfur fertilizer on grain yield, chlorophyll and nutrient status of black cumin (Nigella Sativa L.). Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(1): 81-89. (Persian).
Heidari, M., Goleg, M., Ghorbani, H. and Baradarn Firozabad, M. (2016). Effect of drought stress and foliar application of iron oxide nanoparticles on grain yield, ion content and photosynthetic pigments in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science. 46(4): 619-628. (Persian).
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Khan, H.R., McDonald, G.K. and Rengel, Z. (2003). Zn fertilization improves water use efficiency, grain yield and seed Zn content in chickpea. Plant and Soil. 249: 389-400.
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Khazaee, H.R. (2002). Effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics of resistant and sensitive wheat cultivars and introduction of the most suitable indices of drought resistance. Ph.D. in Agriculture. Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 225 pages. (Persian).
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Lionel-Jordan, M. and Sylvain, P. (2004). Leaf area establishment of a maize field crop under potassium deficiency. Plant and Soil. 265:75-92.
Lorestan, Sh., Ghaboli., M., Movahedi, Z. and Karimi, R.A. (2018). The effect of Piriformospora indica on some morphophysiological traits of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) under drought stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 13(50): 41-52. (In Persian).
Maakoti, M.J. and Tehrani, M.M. (1999). The role of micronutrients in increasing yield and improving the quality of agricultural products (micro elements with high impact). Tarbiat Modares University Press, p. 299. (Persian).
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