ارزیابی کارایی باکتری در تلقیح جداگانه و در ترکیب با باکتری حل کننده فسفات< Bacillus megaterium > بر کاهش تنش شوری در گیاه ماش
الموضوعات :
نصرت اله عباسی 1 , جلال جلیلیان 2 , محمدجواد زارع 3
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد, شوری, کود زیستی, ماش, جذب عناصر,
ملخص المقالة :
امروزه یکی از بزرگترین نگرانی‌های زراعت در مناطق خشک افزایش وسعت و میزان شوری اراضی کشاورزی است. در آزمایش مزرعه‌ای دوساله تاثیر کاربرد باکتری جنسAzospirillum در تلقیح به تنهایی و نیز در مخلوط با باکتریهای حل کننده فسفات بر کاهش تنش شوری بر گیاه ماش تحت شرایط مزرعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بود. عامل‌های اصلی شامل تیمارهای کاربرد سویه‌های مختلف Azospirillu، باکتریهای حل کننده فسفات (Bacillus megaterium) در تلقیح جداگانه و توامان با یکدیگر و نیز عدم تلقیح به عنوان شاهد و اعمال شوری آب آبیاری در دو سطح عدم اعمال شوری و شوری آب آبیاری به میزان 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. نتایج نهایی تجزیه مرکب اثر اعمال شوری و نیز کاربرد کودهای زیستی نشان دهنده تاثیر معنی‌دار آنها بر عملکرد دانه ماش بود. شوری موجب کاهش 88 درصدی عملکرد نهایی دانه ماش گردید. تحت شوری و عدم شوری، بالاترین عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه و وزن دانه را گیاهانی داشتند که بذر آنها با باکتری Azospirillu به تنهایی تلقیح گردیده بودند. کمترین محتوای سدیم و پتاسیم و بالاترین محتوای فسفر دانه را گیاهان تلقیح شده با باکتری Azospirillu داشتند. تلقیح دوگانه Azospirillu با Bacillus megaterium منجر به افزایش سودمندی باکتری Azospirillu در بهبود رشد گیاه ماش تحت هر دو شرایط شوری و غیر شوری نگردید. نتایج کلی این آزمایش نشان دهنده قابلیت به کارگیری Azospirillu در زراعت تحت شوری ماش بود هر چند تلفیق آن با باکتری Bacillus megaterium منجر به سودمندی بیشتری در این خصوص نگردید.
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