بررسی اثر بهبود دهنده اسید سالسیلیک و کیتوزان در گیاه باباآدم (Arctium lappa L.) تحت تنش خشکی
الموضوعات :
رضا نورا
1
,
علی رضا صفاهانی
2
1 - گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: کم آبیاری, موسیلاژ, کیتوزان, اسید سالسیلیک, باباآدم,
ملخص المقالة :
اسید سالسیلک و کیتوزان مقاومت در برابر خشکی را با استفاده از مکانیسم های مختلف افزایش می دهند. به همین منظور آزمایش مزرعه ای در رابطه با تأثیر کاربرد کیتوزان و اسید سالسیلیک بر صفات مورفولوژی و فیزیولوژی در گیاه دارویی باباآدم در شرایط تنش خشکی به صورت کرت های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال 1396 و 1397 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه پیام نور اصفهان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل عامل اصلی آبیاری در سه سطح، آبیاری پس از 40، 60 و 80 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی قابل دسترس (I1-I3) و عامل فرعی محلول پاشی در چهار سطح، عدم محلول پاشی، محلول پاشی کیتوزان 5 گرم بر لیتر، محلول پاشی اسید سالسیلیک 1 میلی گرم بر لیتر و کاربرد توام آنها (S1-S4) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تشدید کم آبی میزان موسیلاژ، فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان و گونه های واکنشی اکسیژن در گیاه باباآدم را نسبت به عدم تنشI1، افزایش داد. میزان موسیلاژ ریشه افزایش 61 و 110 درصدی را در تیمار I2 و I3 در مقایسه با تیمار I1، بدون در نظر گرفتن محلول پاشی نشان داد. همچنین کاربرد کیتوزان و اسید سالسیلیک اثرات منفی کم آبی را بر پارامترهای تبادل گازی، محتوی کلروفیل، جذب عناصر غذایی و وضعیت آبی گیاه را کاهش داد. مقدار فتوسنتز خالص در گیاه باباآدم در تیمار محلول پاشی S2-S4 در مقایسه با تیمار عدم محلول پاشی S1 بدون توجه به تیمار های آبیاری را بطور متوسط به ترتیب 9/1، 9/2 و 4/2 میکرومول دی اکسیدکربن در مترمربع در ثانیه افزایش داد. بنابراین می توان نتیجه گیری کرد که کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و کیتوزان به طور موثری باعث افزایش کارایی گیاه باباآدم در تنش خشکی شد.
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Abdolahi, M. and Farahani, S.M. (2015). Evaluation of seed yield, mucilage and protein of different species and ecotypes of balangu (Lallemantia spp.) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31: 676-686.
Afshara, R.K., Hashemi, M., DaCosta, M., Spargo, J. and Sadeghpour, A. (2016). Biochar application and drought stress effects on physiological characteristics of Silybum marianum. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47(6): 743–752.
Agarwal, S. and Pandey, V. (2004). Antioxidant enzyme resposes to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum, 48: 555-560.
Alvarez, S. and Sanchez-Blanco, M.J. (2013). Changes in growth rate, root morphology and water use efficiency of potted Callistemon citrinus plants in response to different levels of water deficit. Scientia Horticulture, 156: 54–62.
Amiri, A., Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, S., Yadollahi Dehcheshmeh, P. and Sirousmehr, A. (2017). The Role of salicylic acid and chitosan foliar applications under drought stress condition on some physiological traits and oil yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 11: 69-84.
Bahramian, A. (2015). Effect of water stress on phenology and growth indices of burdock (Arctium lappa L.). MSc. Thesis. I. A. Univ. Branch-Sharkord. (In Persian).
Bittelli, M., Flury, M., Campbell, G.S. and Nichols, E.J. (2000). Reduction of transpiration through foliar application of chitosan. Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 107: 167-175.
Boonlertinirun, S., Chaweewan, B. and Suvanasara, R. (2008). Application of chitosan in rice production. Journal of Metals Materials and Minerals. 18: 47-52.
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Chan, Y.S., Cheng, L.N., Wu, J.H., Chan, E., Kwan, Y.W., Lee, S.M., Leung, G.P., Yu, P.H. and Chan, S.W. (2010). A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). Inflammopharmacology. 19: 245–254.
Cheng, X., Zhou, U. and Cui, X. (2006). Improvement of phenylethanoid glycosides biosynthesis in Cistanche deserticola cell suspension cultures by chitosan elicitor. Journal of Biotechnology, 121: 253 - 60.
Datta, P. and Kulkarni, M. (2014). Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization improves growth and biochemical profile in Acacia arabica under salt stress. Journal of BioScience & Biotechnology, 3: 235-245.
De Carvalho, M.H.C. (2008). Drought stress and reactive oxygen species. Plant signaling & Behavior, 3: 156-165.
Dehnavi, M.M., Niknam, N., Behzadi, Y., Mohtashami, R. and Bagheri, R. (2017). Comparison of physiological responses of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) to drought and salt stress and salicylic acid foliar application. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 9: 39-62.
Dionisio-Sese, M.L. and Tobita, S. (1998). Antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to salinity stress. Plant Science, 135: 1-9.
El-Lateef Gharib, F. (2006). Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8:485-492.
Farouk, S., Mosa, A.A, Taha, A.A, Ibrahim Heba, M. and EL-Gahmery, A.M. (2011). Protective effect of humic acid and chitosan on radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) plants subjected to cadmium stress. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 7:99-116.
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Gornik, K., Grzesik, M. and Duda, B.R. (2008). The effect of chitosan on rooting of grapevine cuttings and on subsequent plant growth under drought and temperature stress. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 16: 333-343.
Gu, L. Q., Li, C.X., Qiao, Y.X., Gao, F.J. and Lu, H. (2010). Effects of Exogenous Chitosan on Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings under Drought Stress. Southwest China Journal Agriculture Science, 1: 70- 73.
Guan, Y.J., Hu, J., Wang, X.J. and Shao, C.X. (2009). Seed priming with chitosan improves maize stress germination and seedling growth in relation to physiology changes under low temperature. J. Zhejiang University- Science. 10:427-433.
Harish Prashanth, K.V., Dharmesh, S.M., Jagannatha Rao, K.S. and Tharanathan, R.N. (2007). Free radical-induced chitosan depolymerized products protect calf thymus DNA from oxidative damage. Carbohydrate Research, 342:190 – 195.
Hayat, S., Hayat, Q., Irfan, M. and Ahmad, A. (2010). Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: A review. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 68: 14-25.
Horváth, E., Szalai, G. and Janda, T. (2007). Induction of abiotic stress tolerance by salicylic acid signaling. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 26:290-300.
Iriti, M., and Faoro, F. (2009). Chitosan as a MAMP, searching for a PRR. Plant signaling & behavior, 4:66-68.
Jalalvand, A., Andalibi, B. and Tavakoli, A. (2018). Evaluation the effects of cycocel and salicylic acid on some physiological characteristic and essential oil under normal and drought conditions in medical plant Dragonhed (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of Plant Production Resarch, 24:111-128.
Janero, D.R. (1990). Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 9:515–540.
Kanazawa, S., Sano, S., Koshiba, T. and Ushimaru, T. (2000). Changes in antioxidative enzymes in cucumber cotyledons during natural senescence: comparison with those during dark-induced senescence. Physiologia Plantarum, 109:211–216.
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Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate- specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22:867–880.
Nematollahi, A., Jafari, A. and Bagheri, A. (2013). Effects of drought and salicylic acid on photosynthetic pigment and nutrient uptake of the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Plant EchoPhysiology, 5:86-102.
Niu, J., Zhang, S., Iu, S.L., Ma, H., Chen, J., Shen, Q., Ge, C., Zhang, X., Pang, C. and Zhao, X. (2008). The compensation effects of physiology and yield in cotton after drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 224: 30-48.
Omidbaigi, R., Hassani, A. and Sefidkon, F. (2003). Essential oil content and composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) at different irrigation regimes. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plant, 6:104-108.
Panda, R.K., Behera, S.K. and Kashyap, P.S. (2004). Effective management of irrigation water for maize under stressed conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 66:181–203.
Pariser, E.R. and Lombardi, D.P. (1988). A guide to the research literature chitin, Source book. Plenum Press. New York, U.S.A. p: 560.
Pichynagkura, R. and Kudan, S. (2002). Quantitative production of 2-acetamido 2-deoxy-Dglucose from Cryatallin Chitin by Bactrial Chitinase. Carbohydrate Resarch, 337:1-9.
Premchandra, G.S., Saneoka, H. and Ogata, S. (1990). Cell membrane stability, an indicator of drought tolerance as affected by applied nitrogen in soybean. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 115: 63–66.
Ramachandra, R.A., Choityana, K.V. and Ivekanadan, A. (2004). Drought-induced response to photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161: 1189-1202.
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