Influence of Cr dopant on the microstructure and optical properties of ZnO nanorods

الموضوعات : Materials synthesis and charachterization

Saeed Safa ¹ , A. Masoudi Nejad ²

1 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Department of Physics, University of Payam-e-Noor, Ahwaz, Iran.

تاريخ الإرسال : 29 الأربعاء , صفر, 1435 تاريخ التأكيد : 30 الجمعة , ربيع الأول, 1435 تاريخ الإصدار : 01 السبت , ربيع الثاني, 1435

الکلمات المفتاحية: ZnO nanorods, microstructures, Band gap, Dopant,

ملخص المقالة :

One-dimensional (1D) undoped and Cr doped ZnO nanorods with average length of 1 µm and diameter of 80 nm were synthesized using hydrothermal method where a fast growth of ZnO nanorods on the seed layer was observed. Afterwards, the effects of Cr dopant on structural, surface morphology and optical properties of nanorods were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The results showed that ZnO has a wurtzite hexagonal structure and that the Cr atoms were well incorporated into the ZnO crystal structure. Moreover, it was found that the Cr atoms could facilitate the preferential growth of nanorods in C-axis. Also, it was concluded from optical properties that doped ZnO nanorods was so appropriate for photocatalytic applications because the optical band gap. For example, the calculated band gap of ZnO nanorod decreased from 3.12 eV for pure ZnO nanorods to about 2.41eV for 3 at. % Cr doped ZnO nanorods which is quite enough to be activated even at visible (550nm) light for photocatalyst aims.

المصادر:

 

1. S. Safa, R. Sarraf-Mamoory, R. Azimirad. “Investigation of reduced graphene oxide effects on ultra-violet detection of ZnO thin film.” Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 57, 2014, pp. 155-160.


2. Y.W. Zhu, H. Z. Zhang, X. C. Sun, S. Q. Feng, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, B. Xiang, R. M. Wang, D. P. Yu. “Efficient field emission from ZnO nanoneedle arrays.” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, No. 1, 2003,
   pp. 144-146.


3. J. Xu, Qingyi Pan, Yu'an Shun, Zhizhuang Tian. “Grain size control and gas sensing properties of ZnO gas sensor.” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 66, No. 1, 2000, pp. 277-279.


4. F. Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Shiyun Ai, Zhengdong Sun, Qiao Wan, Ziqiang Zhu, Yuezhong Xian, Litong Jin, Katsunobu Yamamoto. “Immobilization of uricase on ZnO nanorods for a reagentless uric acid biosensor.” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 519, No. 2, 2004, pp. 155-160.


5. I.Repins, Miguel A. Contreras, Brian Egaas, Clay DeHart, John Scharf, Craig L. Perkins, Bobby To, Rommel Noufi. “19 9%‐efficient ZnO/CdS/CuInGaSe2 solar cell with 81 2% fill factor.” Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and applications, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2008, pp. 235-239.


6. B. J. Lawrie, R. F. Haglund, R. Mu. “Enhancement of ZnO photoluminescence by localized and propagating surface plasmons.” Opt. Express, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2009, pp. 2565-2572.


7. M. A. Behnajady, N. Modirshahla, R. Hamzavi. “Kinetic study on photocatalytic degradation of CI Acid Yellow 23 by ZnO photocatalyst.” Journal of hazardous materials, Vol. 133, No. 1, 2006, pp. 226-232.


8. O. Akhavan, R. Azimirad, S. Safa. “Functionalized carbon nanotubes in ZnO thin films for photoinactivation of bacteria.” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 130, No. 1, 2011, pp. 598-602.


9. W.I.Park, Y. H. Jun, S. W. Jung, Gyu-Chul Yi. “Excitonic emissions observed in ZnO single crystal nanorods.” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, No. 6, 2003, pp. 964-966.

10. Y. Dai, Yue Zhang, Q. K. Li, C. W. Nan. “Synthesis and optical properties of tetrapod-like zinc oxide nanorods.” Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 358, No. 1, 2002, pp. 83-86.

11. K. K. Ogata, K. Maejima, Sz Fujita, Sg Fujita. “Growth mode control of ZnO toward nanorod structures or high-quality layered structures by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy.” Journal ofCrystalGrowth, Vol. 248, 2003, pp. 25-30.

12. O. Akhavan, R. Azimirad, S. Safa, “Functionalized carbon nanotubes in ZnO thin films for photoinactivation of bacteria” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 130, No. 1-2, 2011, pp. 598-602.
13.  M. Ohyama, Hiromitsu Kozuka, Toshinobu Yoko. “Sol-gel preparation of transparent and conductive aluminum-doped zinc oxide films with highly preferential crystal orientation.” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 81, No. 6, 1998, pp. 1622-1632.

14. P. Nunes, E. Fortunato, P. Tonello, F. Braz Fernandes, P. Vilarinho, R. Martins. “Effect of different dopant elements on the properties of ZnO thin films.” Vacuum, Vol. 64, No. 3, 2002, pp. 281-285.

15. M. A. Abbasi, Y. Khan, S. Hussain, O. Nur, M. Willander, “Anions effect on the low temperature growth of ZnO nanostructures”, Vacuum, Vol. 86, 2012, pp. 1998-2001.

16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_radius

17. S. Yılmaz, M. Parlak, Ş. Özcan, M. Altunbaş, E. McGlynn, E. Bacaksız. “Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Cr doped ZnO microrods prepared by spray pyrolysis method.” Applied Surface Science, Vol.  257, No. 22, 2011, pp. 9293-9298.

18. D.Chu, Yu-Ping Zeng, Dongliang Jiang. “Synthesis and growth mechanism of Cr-doped ZnO single-crystalline nanowires.” Solid state communications, Vol. 143, No. 6, 2007, pp. 308-312.

19. X. Chu, Sumei Zhou, Yongping Dong, Wenqi Sun, Xiutao Ge. “Trimethylamine gas sensor based on Cr< sup> 3+doped ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles prepared via solvothermal method.” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 131, No. 1, (2011), pp. 27-31.

20. Y. M. Hu, Y. T. Chen, Z. X. Zhong, C. C. Yu, G. J. Chen, P. Z. Huang, Wei-Yang Chou, Jay Chang, C. R. Wang. “The morphology and optical properties of Cr-doped ZnO films grown using the magnetron co-sputtering method.” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 254, No. 13, 2008, pp. 3873-3878.

21. M. B. M. K. Berasid, A. Rinaldi, S. Reiche, M. G. Kutty, “Chemically modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with anchored acidic groups”, Sains Malaysiana, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2012, pp. 603-609.

22. A. Fouchet, W. Prellier, L. Méchin. “Growth and characterizations of ZnO and Co-doped ZnO films for their use in spintronic.” Superlattices and Microstructures, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2007, pp. 185-190.

23. S. V. Bhat, F. L. Deepat, “Tunng the band-gap of ZnO by substitution with Mn⁺², Co⁺² and Ni⁺²”, Sol. Stat. Commun., Vol.135, 2005, pp. 345-347.

24. M. M. Ba-abbad, A. A. H. Kadhum, A. B. Mohamad, M. S. Takriff, K. Sopian, “Visible light photocatalytic activity of Fe⁺³-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared via sol-gel technique”, Chemosphere, Vol. 91, 2013, pp. 1604-1611.