رتبه‌بندی مهم‌ترین عوامل موثر بر توسعه اکوتوریسم پایدار با تاکید بر توان اکولوژیکی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه آزاد تجاری انزلی)
الموضوعات :
شهرزاد کریمی فر
1
,
سید محمد رضا خطیبی
2
,
وحید بیگدلی راد
3
1 - دانشجوی دکترای شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
3 - دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: توسعه, اکوتوریسم, پایداری, توان اکولوژیکی, منطقه آزاد تجاری انزلی,
ملخص المقالة :
گردشگری یک بخش کلیدی اقتصادی در سرتاسر جهان است که اهرم بزرگی را برای توسعه اقتصادی محلی ایجاد می کند، اما هم زمان فشارهای زیست محیطی قابل توجهی را نیز بر منابع طبیعی محلی وارد می سازد. در این میان، اکوتوریسم (گردشگری طبیعت محور) می تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای گردشگری سنتی برای به حداقل رساندن تأثیرات بر اکوسیستم باشد. از طرف دیگر مفهوم ظرفیت یا توان زاییده دانش اکولوژیکی است و بر این اصل استوار است که همواره یک محدودیتی در رشد جمعیت های زیستی وجود دارد. بنابراین توسعه اکوتوریسم پایدار نیازمند توجه ویژه به توان اکولوژیکی مناطق و شناسایی معیارها، برنامه ریزی دقیق و در نهایت ابزارهای نظارتی می باشد. پرسش اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که مهم ترین معیارهای پایداری اکوتوریسم با تاکید بر توان اکولوژی با توجه به درجه اهمیتشان کدامند؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش ابتدا با استفاده از فراتحلیل منابع در دسترس، مهم ترین معیارها و شاخص های تحقیق استخراج شده و سپس با روش دلفی فازی اولویت بندی می شوند. نتایج این رتبه بندی نشان می دهد که معیارمحیطی با وزن 0.01499800 در رتبه اول، معیار اقتصادی و حاکمیتی- مدیریتی (نهادی) همزمان با وزن 0.01487002 در رتبه دوم و معیار اجتماعی- فرهنگی با وزن 0.01398003 در رتبه سوم و در نهایت معیار فناوری با وزن 0.013482002 در رتبه چهارم اولویت بندی معیارها قرار گرفته اند. همچنین 10 مورد از مهم ترین شاخص های پایداری اکوتوریسم با تاکید بر توان اکولوژی در منطقه آزاد تجاری انزلی عبارتند از: شرایط آب و هوایی، توان اقتصادی، مناظر طبیعی، پتانسیل های طبیعی، تامین پایدار آب، رشد اقتصادی، کیفیت محیطی، گردشگری سبز، ظرفیت گردشگری و ایمنی (بحران های محیطی و انسانی).
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