موانع پذیرش تجارت الکترونیکی در صنعت صادرات خشکبار مطالعه موردی استان آذربایجانشرقی
الموضوعات :
محمد محمودی میمند
1
(عضو هیأت علمی (استادیار) سازمان مرکزی دانشگاه پیام نور، واحد تهران، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، تهران ، ایران)
علی قربانی
2
(دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی و مدرس دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بناب)
محمد بخت آزمای بناب
3
(دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت فرهنگی)
الکلمات المفتاحية: مدل سه شاخگی, عوامل ساختاری, عوامل رفتاری, عوامل زمینه‌ای, صنعت خشکبار,
ملخص المقالة :
با نگاهی اجمالی به میزان پیشرفت تجارت الکترونیکی در شرکتهای تولیدی-صادراتی خشکبار در ایران مشخص می‌شود تنها 8/26درصد از شرکتهای صادراتی خشکبار که در اتحادیه صادرکنندگان خشکبار ایران فعال می باشند، دارای وب‌سایت اختصاصی هستند که از این تعداد نیز تنها 03/1 آنها آماده قیمت گذاری (در حال بارگذاری) در وب‌سایت خود می باشد. این نشان می دهد صنعت صادرات خشکبار از عقب افتاده‌ترین صنایع در زمینه پیاده‌سازی تجارت الکترونیکی در ایران است که ریشه یابی عوامل این امر از ضروریات می باشد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی موانع پذیرش تجارت الکترونیکی در شرکتهای صادراتی خشکبار ایران و ارائه راهکارهای رفع آن انجام شده است. بدین منظور با مرور ادبیات تحقیق، مهم‌ترین موانع پذیرش تجارت الکترونیکی شناسایی گردیده و در قالب مدل سه شاخگی در سه شاخه‌ی موانع ساختاری، محتوایی و زمینه‌ای به عنوان سه فرضیه تحقیق دسته بندی شده شدند. پس از پخش و جمع آوری پرسشنامه در بین 61 شرکت تولیدی- صادراتی خشکبار آذربایجانشرقی که به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده بودند و تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها؛ هر سه دسته موانع مورد تایید قرار گرفتند و به عنوان با اهمیت ترین عامل، موانع ساختاری موجب عدم پذیرش تجارت الکترونیکی در شرکتهای تولیدی-صادراتی خشکبار شناخته شد. همچنین رتبه‌بندی کلی موانع نشان می‌دهد عوامل عدم‌اعتماد خریداران، کمبود افراد کارشناس، ابهام در قوانین و نبود جایگزینهای سیستم پرداخت به ترتیب چهار مانع اصلی عدم پذیرش تجارت‌الکترونیکی در این شرکت‌ها به شمار می روند. دولت و سازمانهای تجاری مربوطه می توانند برای کمک به بخش خصوصی برای پیاده سازی تجارت الکترونیکی و از میان برداشتن موانع آن، به راهکارهای اشاره شده در این تحقیق توجه بیشتری نمایند.
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Macgregor, R.C. & L. Vrazalic, (2005), "A Basic Model of Electronic Commerce Adoption Barriers: A Study of Regional Small Businesses in Sweden and Australia"; journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol.12, No.4, PP. 257-510.
Mirzai, A., & Amiri, M. (2002). Presenting a Three Dimensional Model of Fundamental Infrastructure Analysis and Philosophical Foundations of Management Theories. Management Knowledge Management Quarterly, 3-21, (In Persian).
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Sarlak, M. A., & Mirzaei Ahrenjani, H. (2005). A Look at Organizational Epistemology: The Evolution, Schools and Management Applications. Peyk Noor Magazine, 21-35, (In Persian).
Saramad Saidi, S., & Arabi, S. M. (2003). Surveying Environmental Barriers and Providing a Suitable Model for Using E-Commerce in Iran. Industrial Management Quarterly, 6, 65-88, (In Persian).
Sathy, M., &D. Beal, (2002), "Adoption of electronic commerce by SMES: Australian Evidence", Journal of E-business, 1(1), pp.1-11.
Turban, E., E. McLean, & J. Waterbed., (2004), Information Technology for Management, 4rdedition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp 84-85.
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Abbasi Esfanjani, H., & Ghorbani, A. (2010). The Stretching of Ideas to the World's Hot Market. Development of Management, 83, 44-49, (In Persian).
Aghazadeh, H., & Esfandiani, R. (2006). Survey of the Level of Maturity of E-Commerce among Top Exporters 82. Economic Research Journal, 75, 75-109, (In Persian).
Ahlstrom, C., M. Magnusson, & A. Scapula, (2005), "Barriers to Electronic Commerce Adoption: Nothing Changes-Everything is New. pp 84-85.
Azar, A., & Mansour, M. (1988). Statistics and Application in Management. Tehran: Samt Publication, (In Persian).
Azizi, Sh., Khodadad Hoseini, S. H., & Shaban, A. (2005). Identifying Barriers and Strategies for Using E-Commerce: Case study by Iran Khodro Co. Commercial Research Quarterly, 37, 63-89, (In Persian).
Bakhtazmay Bonab, M., & Ghorbani, A. (2010). Corruption Methodology (Designing the Three Radial Conceptual Framework), Tabriz, Double-Holding Conference, Double Work, and Promoting the Health of the Administrative System, (In Persian).
Chaffey, D. (2002), E-Business and E-commerce Management, London, Prentice-Hall. pp 22-23.
Darch, H. & T. Lucas, (2002), "Training as an E-Commerce Enabler"; Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol.14, PP.148-155.
Elahi, Sh., &, Hasanzadeh, A. (2007). The Study of the Role of Electronic Customs in Export Facilitation. Journal Commercial 43, 93-120, (In Persian).
Eid, R., M. Trueman, & A.M. Ahmed, (2002), "A Cross Industry Review of B2B Critical Success Factors"; Electronic Networ king Application and Policy, Vol. 12, No.2, PP. 110-123.
Farokhzad, S. (2004). Designing the Necessary Steps for Using E-Commerce to Promote the Export of Goods and Services. Tehran: Institute for Business Studies and Research, (In Persian).
Flynn, A., &S.Purchase, (2000), "Perceptions of Barriers to E-Commerce", st th ANZMAC Conference, 1-5 December, New Zealand, Massey University, pp 120-121.
Ghorbani, A., & Bakhtazmay Bonab, M. (2009). RFID Technology Management in Organizations: A New Approach to Consumer Consumption Modification. National Conference on Technology Management and Innovation, (In Persian).
Hoseini, M.H., A. Ghorbani, (2010), "Toward a Conceptual Framework for Verification and Analysis of Effective Factors in Successful Implementation of Electronic Banking", Chapter of book: "E-Banking and Emerging Multidisciplinary Processes" Edited by Sarlak and Abolhasani, IGI Global Publication, pp 115-131.
Information Technology Group, October (2009).
Kandasaami, S., (2009), “Internationalization of Small-and Medium-sized Born-Global Firms: A Conceptual Model,” Australia, Graduate School of Management, University of Western Australia, pp 232-236.
Kosice, J., J. Fisher, &A. scullery, (2002), "Electronic Commerce Benefits, challenges and Success Factors in the Australian Banking and Finance Industry"; ECIS, PP. 1607-1616.
Macgregor, R.C. & L. Vrazalic, (2005), "A Basic Model of Electronic Commerce Adoption Barriers: A Study of Regional Small Businesses in Sweden and Australia"; journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol.12, No.4, PP. 257-510.
Mirzai, A., & Amiri, M. (2002). Presenting a Three Dimensional Model of Fundamental Infrastructure Analysis and Philosophical Foundations of Management Theories. Management Knowledge Management Quarterly, 3-21, (In Persian).
Mirzai Aharnejani, H. (1997). Analysis of the Factors Affecting on the "Work Conscience" and "Social Discipline" in the Organization, Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the Study of Practical Ways of Governing the Work of Conscience and Social Discipline. Tehran: Islamic Azad University Press, (In Persian).
Moghadasi, A. (2006). Challenges and Solutions for the Implementation of E-Commerce in Iran. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 6, 22-56, (In Persian).
Mukti. N. A. (2000), "Barriers to putting business on Internet in Malaysia", The Electronic Journal of Information System in Developing Countries, 2 (6), pp. 1-6.
Nath. R., M. Akmanligil, K. Hjelm, T. Sakaguchi, & M. Schultz, (1998), "Electronic Commerce and the Internet: Issues ¡problems and perspectives", International Journal of information Management, 18 (2), pp. 91-101.
Nilsson M. & C. Ahlstrom (2009), "Does Matter- SMEs Special Barriers in Adopting E-Business"; Collector, PP. 171-178.
Nouri, R. (2007). Evaluating the Rate of E-Commerce Maturity of Exporting Companies. Commercial Quarterly, No. 42, 147-165, (In Persian).
Sarlak, M. A., & Mirzaei Ahrenjani, H. (2005). A Look at Organizational Epistemology: The Evolution, Schools and Management Applications. Peyk Noor Magazine, 21-35, (In Persian).
Saramad Saidi, S., & Arabi, S. M. (2003). Surveying Environmental Barriers and Providing a Suitable Model for Using E-Commerce in Iran. Industrial Management Quarterly, 6, 65-88, (In Persian).
Sathy, M., &D. Beal, (2002), "Adoption of electronic commerce by SMES: Australian Evidence", Journal of E-business, 1(1), pp.1-11.
Turban, E., E. McLean, & J. Waterbed., (2004), Information Technology for Management, 4rdedition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp 84-85.
