طراحی مدل ارزیابی فرصت های کارآفرینی درشرایط عدم اطمینان با استفاده از رویکرد فازی(مورد مطالعه صنعت نرم افزار)
الموضوعات :شیوا مهدیزاده اقدم 1 , جهانگیر یدالهی فارسی 2 , نرگس ایمانی پور 3
1 - دانشجوی دکترای گروه کارآفرینی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین،ایران
2 - استاد گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران .
الکلمات المفتاحية: عدم اطمینان, رویکرد فازی, کارآفرینی فناورانه, ارزیابی فرصت,
ملخص المقالة :
تصمیمگیری برای انتخاب یک فرصت مناسب در شرایط عدم اطمینان، یک معضل رایج برای کارآفرینان است؛ سیستم راهاندازی نرمافزار به طور خاص با عدم اطمینان شدید و رقابت بیش از حد مواجه میباشد؛ بنابراین تحلیل فرصتها و تهدیدها برای کارآفرینان حیاتی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراحي مدل ارزيابي فرصت هاي كارآفريني در شرايط عدم اطمينان -در خصوص صنعت نرم افزار- با رويكرد فازي و با استفاده از روش آميخته است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق شامل خبرگان حوزه صنعت نرم افزار مي باشد؛ براي اين منظور ابتدا با بررسي پيشينه، مبناي نظري تحقيق به دست آمده و در ادامه پس از مصاحبه و كد گذاري، تعداد 115 عبارت اوليه استخراج شده و كد گذاري آنها صورت پذيرفته است، سپس با ادغام عبارات كلي با عبارات فرعي تعداد كدها به 84 رسيده و با ادغام موارد مشابه تعداد 29 مفهوم گزينش شده كه پس از گروه بندي، شش کدمحوری استخراج گشته است. سپس با رتبۀ بندي معيارهاي به دست آمده از طريق پرسشنامه توسط خبرگان و با روش Ahp فازي، بوسیله روش میانگین هندسی باکلی در نرم افزار اكسل صورت پذيرفته است. معيار عدم اطمينان منابع داراي رتبۀ اول، عدم اطمينان رقابتي داراي رتبۀ دوم، عدم اطمينان تكنولوژيكي رتبۀ سوم، عدم اطمينان سياسي، عدم اطمينان عامل و عدم اطمينان مشتري در رتبۀ هاي چهارم تا ششم قرار گرفتهاند و در نهايت مدل ارزیابی فرصت های کارآفرینی درشرایط عدم اطمینان با استفاده از رویکرد فازی در صنعت نرم افزار طراحي گشته است.
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