مفهوم سازی گونه شناسی استراتژی پروژه بر اساس متغیر اقتضایی محیط در پروژه های صنعت پتروشیمی ایران
الموضوعات :هانی اربابی 1 , محمدحسین صبحیه 2 , حسن دانایی فرد 3
1 - استادیار گروه مدیریت پروژه و ساخت، دانشکده‌ی هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیارگروه مدیریت پروژه و ساخت، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران
3 - استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: صنعت پتروشیمی, استراتژی پروژه, پویایی محیطی,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور دستیابی به عملکرد بالاتر در سازمان ها، همسویی استراتژی با متغیرهای اقتضایی همانند ساختار، محیط و غیره ضروری است. پروژه های صنعت پتروشیمی در کشور ایران، با تغییرات محیطی بسیاری از جمله تغییرات قیمت نفت، تغییرات قیمت ارز، تغییر قیمت خوراک و تحریم ها مواجه هستند؛ بنابراین طبق نظریه اقتضایی حصول عملکرد بهتر در پروژه ها در گرو توجه به متغیر محیط در تدوین استراتزی پروژه به عنوان یک سازمان موقتی است. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه گونه شناسی استراتژی پروژه براساس متغیر اقتضایی محیط در پروژه های صنعت پتروشیمی ایران می باشد. برای تحقق این هدف از رویکرد پژوهش کیفی استفاده شد، در مرحله اول پس از مرور ادبیات، الگوی اولیه پژوهش شکل گرفت. برای اصلاح این الگو و گنجاندن جزئیات استراتژی پروژه در آن، مطالعه موردی چندگانه استفاده شد. با نمونه گیری هدفمند 10 پروژه از پروژه های صنعت پتروشیمی انتخاب شدند. علاوه بر مصاحبه، گردآوری چند جانبه داده مشتمل بر بررسی اسناد نیز در دستور کار قرار گرفت. به منظور تحلیل داده، از تحلیل محتوای کیفی استفاده شد. با توجه به انتخاب استراتژی های کسب و کار مایلز و اسنو به عنوان مبنای استراتژی پروژه بنا به ماهیت آبشاری استراتژی، گونه های استراتژی پروژه در یک ماتریس دو بعدی با ابعاد تغییرات محیطی بنیادین/تدریجی و کانون توجه خارج/داخل تعریف شدند. این گونه ها با نتایج مصاحبه برای سطح پروژه بازتعریف شدند. یافته های ما بر این دلالت دارند که محیط پروژه ها متنوع است و لذا پروژه ها، استراتژی های متفاوتی می طلبند و برای مدیریت پروژه با استراتژی های مختلف، ویژگی های کارآفرینانه، مهندسی و اداری متفاوتی مورد نیاز است.
Aarabi, S. M., & Chavoshi, S. K. (2010). A Strategic Control Style and Performance of Holding Companies. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, (1)1, 7-26, (In Persian).
Aarabi, S. M., & Yavari-goohar, F. (2008). Alignment of Directional and Structural Strategies to Improve Organizational Performance. 3rd International Conference of Management, (In Persian).
Altholiz, V. (2010). The advantages and Limitations of Developing an External Perspective for Analyzing Corporate Strategic Alignment. Economic and Environmental Studies, 10(1), 35-48.
Anderson, D. K., & Merna, T. (2003). Project Management Strategy-Project Management Represented as a Process based Set of Management Domains and the Consequences for Project Management Strategy. International Journal of Project Management, 21, 387-393.
Aritua, B., Smith, N. J., & Bower, D. (2009). Construction Client Multi-Projects–A Complex Adaptive Systems Perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 27(1), 72-79.
Artto, K. (2008). What is Project Strategy?. International Journal of Project Management, 26, 4-12.
Artto, K., Kujala, J., Dietrich, P., & Martinsuo, M. (2008). What Is Project Strategy?. International Journal of Project Management, 26(1), 4-12.
Augier, M., & Teece, D. J. (2018). The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bamberger, P. A., Biron, M., & Meshoulam, I. (2014). Human Resource Strategy: Formulation, Implementation, and Impact. Routledge
Callahan, K. R., & Brooks L. M. (2004). Essentials of Strategic Project Management, Hoboken. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Conant, J. S., Mokwa, M. P., & Varadarajan, P. R. (1990). Strategic Types, Distinctive Marketing Competencies and Organizational Performance: A Multiple Measures-Based Study. Strategic Management Journal, 11(5), 365-383.
Deng, P. (2009). Why Do Chinese Firms Tend to Acquire Strategic Assets in International Expansion?. Journal of World Business, 44(1), 74-84.
Doole, I., & Lowe, R. (2008). International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation: Cengage Learning EMEA.
Duffield, S., & Whitty, S. J. (2015). Developing a Systemic Lessons Learned Knowledge Model for Organisational Learning Through Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), 311-32
Eskafi, A. R. (2005), Strategic Reference Point Organization. Master Thesis, Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaee University, (In Persian).
Katzman, K. (2010). Iran sanctions. Diane Publishing.
Majidpour, M. (2013). The Unintended Consequences of US-Led Sanctions on Iranian Industries. Iranian Studies, 46(1), 1-15.
Meier, K. J., O’Toole Jr, L. J., Boyne, G. A., Walker, R. M., & Andrews, R. (2010). Alignment and Results: Testing the Interaction Effects of Strategy, Structure, and Environment from Miles and Snow. Administration & Society, 42(2), 160-192.
Morris, P., & Jamieson, A. (2004). Translating Corporate Strategy into Project Strategy: Realizing Corporate Strategy Through Project Management, Newtown Square. Pennsylvania: Project Management Institute, Inc.
Naghavi, A., & Pignataro, G. (2015). Theocracy and Resilience Against Economic Sanctions. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 111, 1-12.
Opara, M., Elloumi, F., Okafor, O., & Warsame, H. (2017). Effects of the Institutional Environment on Public-Private Partnership (P3) Projects: Evidence from Canada. The Accounting Forum.
Pardo, C., Ivens, B. S., & Wilson, K.(2013). Assessing and Strengthening Internal Alignment of New Marketing Units: An Interpretative Tool. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(7), 1074-1082.
Patanakul, P., & Shenhar, A. (2012). What Project Strategy Really Is: The Fundamental Building Block in Strategic Project Management. Project Management Journal, 43 (1), 4-20.
Poister, T. H. (2010). The Future of Strategic Planning in the Public Sector: Linking Strategic Management and Performance. Public Administration Review, 70, 246-254.
Poli, M. (2006). Project Strategy: The Patch to Achieving Competitive Advantage/Value. New Jersey: Hoboken Publication.
Poli, M. (2006). Project Strategy: The path to achieving competitive advantage/Value.
Robbins, S. P. (1990). Organization Theory: Structures, Designs, and Applications. Pearson Education India.
Sanz-Calcedo, J., González, A., López, O., Salgado, D., Cambero, I., & Herrera, J. (2015). Analysis on Integrated Management of the Quality, Environment and Safety on the Industrial Projects. Procedia Engineering, 132, 140-145.
Saxby, C. L., Parker, K. R., Nitse, P. S., & Dishman, P. L. (2002). Environmental Scanning and Organizational Culture. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 20(1), 28-34.
Scuotto, V., Ferraris, A., & Bresciani, S. (2016). Internet of Things: Applications and Challenges in Smart Cities: A Case Study of IBM Smart City Projects. Business Process Management Journal, 22(2), 357-367.
Shenhar, A. J. & Dvir, D. (1996). Toward a Typological Theory of Project Management. Research Policy, 25, 607-632.
Shenhar,A.J.(2001).One Size Does Not Fit All Projects:Exploring Classical Contingency Domains.Management Science,47(3),394-414.
Shenhar, A.J.(2004). Strategic Project Leaderships: Toward a Strategic Approach to Project Management. R&D Management,34(5),569-578.
Shoham, A., & Fiegenbaum, A. (2002). Competitive Determinants of Organizational Risk-Taking Attitude: The Role of Strategic Reference Points. Management Decision, 40(2), 127-141.
Shoham, A., & Lev, S. (2015). The Miles and Snow Strategic Typology and Its Performance Implications Global Perspectives in Marketing for the 21st Century.
Snow, C. (2015). Organizing in the Age of Competition, Cooperation, and Collaboration. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(4), 433-442.
Soares, C. A. P., Magalhães, M., Silva, W., & Mallman, D. (2018). Enterprise Maturity and Successful Business Process Orientation Projects. Revista de Gestão dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, 17(1), 20-36.
Sollosy, M., Guidice, R. M., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2015). A Contemporary Examination of the Miles & Snow Strategic Typology through the Lens of Ambidexterity. Academy of Management Proceedings.
Srivannaboon, S., & Milosevic, D. Z. (2006). A Two-Way Influence between Business Strategy and Project Management. International Journal of Project Management, 24, 493-505.
Torbat, A. E. (2005). Impacts of the US Trade and Financial Sanctions on Iran. World Economy, 28(3), 407-434.
Toumaj, A. (2014). Iran's Economy of Resistance, Implications for Future Sanctions: American Enterprise Institute.
Walser, R. J., & Bernroider, E. (2018). Factors Influencing Controllees' Congruence and Willingness to Comply With Control Mechanisms in IS Projects.
World Bank. (2016). Iran Economic Monitor, fall 2016: Towards Reintegration. Retrieved from: http:worldbank.org/.
World Bank. (2017). Iran Economic Monitor: Oil-Driven Economy.
Wheelen, T. L., & Hunger, J. D. (2011). Concepts in Strategic Management and Business policy. Pearson Education India.
Yin, R. K. (2017). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Sage Publication.
Zajac, E. J. (2000). Modeling the Dynamics of Strategic Fit: A Normative Approach to Strategic Change. Strategic Management Journal, 21 (4), 429-453.
_||_Aarabi, S. M., & Chavoshi, S. K. (2010). A Strategic Control Style and Performance of Holding Companies. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, (1)1, 7-26, (In Persian).
Aarabi, S. M., & Yavari-goohar, F. (2008). Alignment of Directional and Structural Strategies to Improve Organizational Performance. 3rd International Conference of Management, (In Persian).
Altholiz, V. (2010). The advantages and Limitations of Developing an External Perspective for Analyzing Corporate Strategic Alignment. Economic and Environmental Studies, 10(1), 35-48.
Anderson, D. K., & Merna, T. (2003). Project Management Strategy-Project Management Represented as a Process based Set of Management Domains and the Consequences for Project Management Strategy. International Journal of Project Management, 21, 387-393.
Aritua, B., Smith, N. J., & Bower, D. (2009). Construction Client Multi-Projects–A Complex Adaptive Systems Perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 27(1), 72-79.
Artto, K. (2008). What is Project Strategy?. International Journal of Project Management, 26, 4-12.
Artto, K., Kujala, J., Dietrich, P., & Martinsuo, M. (2008). What Is Project Strategy?. International Journal of Project Management, 26(1), 4-12.
Augier, M., & Teece, D. J. (2018). The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bamberger, P. A., Biron, M., & Meshoulam, I. (2014). Human Resource Strategy: Formulation, Implementation, and Impact. Routledge
Callahan, K. R., & Brooks L. M. (2004). Essentials of Strategic Project Management, Hoboken. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Conant, J. S., Mokwa, M. P., & Varadarajan, P. R. (1990). Strategic Types, Distinctive Marketing Competencies and Organizational Performance: A Multiple Measures-Based Study. Strategic Management Journal, 11(5), 365-383.
Deng, P. (2009). Why Do Chinese Firms Tend to Acquire Strategic Assets in International Expansion?. Journal of World Business, 44(1), 74-84.
Doole, I., & Lowe, R. (2008). International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation: Cengage Learning EMEA.
Duffield, S., & Whitty, S. J. (2015). Developing a Systemic Lessons Learned Knowledge Model for Organisational Learning Through Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), 311-32
Eskafi, A. R. (2005), Strategic Reference Point Organization. Master Thesis, Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaee University, (In Persian).
Katzman, K. (2010). Iran sanctions. Diane Publishing.
Majidpour, M. (2013). The Unintended Consequences of US-Led Sanctions on Iranian Industries. Iranian Studies, 46(1), 1-15.
Meier, K. J., O’Toole Jr, L. J., Boyne, G. A., Walker, R. M., & Andrews, R. (2010). Alignment and Results: Testing the Interaction Effects of Strategy, Structure, and Environment from Miles and Snow. Administration & Society, 42(2), 160-192.
Morris, P., & Jamieson, A. (2004). Translating Corporate Strategy into Project Strategy: Realizing Corporate Strategy Through Project Management, Newtown Square. Pennsylvania: Project Management Institute, Inc.
Naghavi, A., & Pignataro, G. (2015). Theocracy and Resilience Against Economic Sanctions. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 111, 1-12.
Opara, M., Elloumi, F., Okafor, O., & Warsame, H. (2017). Effects of the Institutional Environment on Public-Private Partnership (P3) Projects: Evidence from Canada. The Accounting Forum.
Pardo, C., Ivens, B. S., & Wilson, K.(2013). Assessing and Strengthening Internal Alignment of New Marketing Units: An Interpretative Tool. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(7), 1074-1082.
Patanakul, P., & Shenhar, A. (2012). What Project Strategy Really Is: The Fundamental Building Block in Strategic Project Management. Project Management Journal, 43 (1), 4-20.
Poister, T. H. (2010). The Future of Strategic Planning in the Public Sector: Linking Strategic Management and Performance. Public Administration Review, 70, 246-254.
Poli, M. (2006). Project Strategy: The Patch to Achieving Competitive Advantage/Value. New Jersey: Hoboken Publication.
Poli, M. (2006). Project Strategy: The path to achieving competitive advantage/Value.
Robbins, S. P. (1990). Organization Theory: Structures, Designs, and Applications. Pearson Education India.
Sanz-Calcedo, J., González, A., López, O., Salgado, D., Cambero, I., & Herrera, J. (2015). Analysis on Integrated Management of the Quality, Environment and Safety on the Industrial Projects. Procedia Engineering, 132, 140-145.
Saxby, C. L., Parker, K. R., Nitse, P. S., & Dishman, P. L. (2002). Environmental Scanning and Organizational Culture. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 20(1), 28-34.
Scuotto, V., Ferraris, A., & Bresciani, S. (2016). Internet of Things: Applications and Challenges in Smart Cities: A Case Study of IBM Smart City Projects. Business Process Management Journal, 22(2), 357-367.
Shenhar, A. J. & Dvir, D. (1996). Toward a Typological Theory of Project Management. Research Policy, 25, 607-632.
Shenhar,A.J.(2001).One Size Does Not Fit All Projects:Exploring Classical Contingency Domains.Management Science,47(3),394-414.
Shenhar, A.J.(2004). Strategic Project Leaderships: Toward a Strategic Approach to Project Management. R&D Management,34(5),569-578.
Shoham, A., & Fiegenbaum, A. (2002). Competitive Determinants of Organizational Risk-Taking Attitude: The Role of Strategic Reference Points. Management Decision, 40(2), 127-141.
Shoham, A., & Lev, S. (2015). The Miles and Snow Strategic Typology and Its Performance Implications Global Perspectives in Marketing for the 21st Century.
Snow, C. (2015). Organizing in the Age of Competition, Cooperation, and Collaboration. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(4), 433-442.
Soares, C. A. P., Magalhães, M., Silva, W., & Mallman, D. (2018). Enterprise Maturity and Successful Business Process Orientation Projects. Revista de Gestão dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, 17(1), 20-36.
Sollosy, M., Guidice, R. M., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2015). A Contemporary Examination of the Miles & Snow Strategic Typology through the Lens of Ambidexterity. Academy of Management Proceedings.
Srivannaboon, S., & Milosevic, D. Z. (2006). A Two-Way Influence between Business Strategy and Project Management. International Journal of Project Management, 24, 493-505.
Torbat, A. E. (2005). Impacts of the US Trade and Financial Sanctions on Iran. World Economy, 28(3), 407-434.
Toumaj, A. (2014). Iran's Economy of Resistance, Implications for Future Sanctions: American Enterprise Institute.
Walser, R. J., & Bernroider, E. (2018). Factors Influencing Controllees' Congruence and Willingness to Comply With Control Mechanisms in IS Projects.
World Bank. (2016). Iran Economic Monitor, fall 2016: Towards Reintegration. Retrieved from: http:worldbank.org/.
World Bank. (2017). Iran Economic Monitor: Oil-Driven Economy.
Wheelen, T. L., & Hunger, J. D. (2011). Concepts in Strategic Management and Business policy. Pearson Education India.
Yin, R. K. (2017). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Sage Publication.
Zajac, E. J. (2000). Modeling the Dynamics of Strategic Fit: A Normative Approach to Strategic Change. Strategic Management Journal, 21 (4), 429-453.
