ارزیابی تاثیر اسانس آویشن و کاکوتی بر فلور میکروبی روده در جوجه‌های گوشتی
الموضوعات :
سامان مهدوی
1
(استادیار گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران.)
علی نوبخت
2
(دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران.)
تاريخ الإرسال : 08 الثلاثاء , صفر, 1438
تاريخ التأكيد : 26 الأربعاء , صفر, 1439
تاريخ الإصدار : 04 الأحد , جمادى الأولى, 1439
الکلمات المفتاحية:
اسانس,
جوجه گوشتی,
آویشن,
کاکوتی,
میکروفلور روده,
ملخص المقالة :
اسانس ها به عنوان محرک های رشد، نقش مهمی در بهبود فلور میکروبی و خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی روده و سیستم ایمنی در جوجه های گوشتی دارند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، ارزیابی تاثیر اسانس آویشن و کاکوتی بر فلور میکروبی روده در جوجه‌های گوشتی بود. بدین منظور 468 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس- 308، با سه ترکیب اسانسی آویشن، کاکوتی و مخلوط آویشن و کاکوتی، در دو شکل استفاده (در آب و در خوراک) و در دو سطح (15/0 و 3/0 درصد جیره) در 13 تیمار با 3 تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار، از سن 10 تا 42 روزگی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. در سن 42 روزگی دو قطعه جوجه از هر تکرار انتخاب و بعد از 12 ساعت گرسنگی دادن، کشتار شدند. سپس قطعه‌ای از ایلئوم هر پرنده جهت شمارش جمعیت میکروبی به آزمایشگاه ارسال شد. شمارش کلی باکتری‌های کلی فرم و لاکتوباسیلوس در مورد هر نمونه انجام شد و نتایج با نرم افزار SPSS تحلیل گردیدند. شمارش کلی باکتری‌های کلی فرم در گروه‌های تغذیه شده با 3/0 درصد مخلوط آویشن و کاکوتی کمترین مقدار بود، ولی با گروه شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان ندادند. شمارش کلی لاکتوباسیلوس در گروه تغذیه شده با 3/0 درصد مخلوط آویشن و کاکوتی در دان، بیشترین تعداد را نشان داد که در مقایسه با گروه شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت (05/0>p). به طورکلی، تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر روش مصرف آویشن و کاکوتی در بین گروه‌های آزمایشی مشاهده نشد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد افزودن اسانس 3/0 درصد مخلوط آویشن و کاکوتی به جیره غذایی جوجه‌های گوشتی می‌تواند در بهبود میکروفلور مفید (لاکتوباسیلوس) و کاهش باکتری‌های مضر (اشریشیاکولای) ایلئوم در این جوجه ها موثر باشد.
المصادر:
Amouei, H., Qotbi, A., Bouyeh, M. and Seidavi, A. (2015). Thymus vulgaris and Thechnomos decrease Escherichia coli and increase lactobacillus in broiler ileum and cecum.International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 4(7): 4857-4863.
Aeschbach, B., Loliger, J., Scott, B.C., Musica, A., Bulter, J. and Halliwell, B. (1994). Antioxidant action of thymol, carvacrol, 6 ginerol, zinezerone and hydroxytyrosol. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 32: 31-36.
Akguel, A., Pooter, H.D. and Buyck, L.D. (1991). The essential oil of Calaminthanepeta and Ziziphora clinopodioides from turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 3: 7-10.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D. and Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46: 446-475.
Canan Bolukbasi, S. and Kuddus Erhan, M. (2006). Effects of dietary Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on laying hen performance and Escherichia coli (E.coli) concentration in feces. Journal of Natural and Engineering Science, 1(2): 55-58.
Cross, D.E., Svoboda, K., Hillman, K., Mcdevitt, R. and Acamovic, T. (2002). Effects of Thymus vulgarisL. essential oil as an in vivo dietary supplement on chicken intestinal microflora. Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Essential oils, Lisbon, Portugal.
Frankic, T., Voijc, M., Salobir, J. and Rezar, V. (2009). Use of herbs and spices and their extracts in animal nutrition. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 94(2): 95-102.
Garcia, V.P., Catala-Gregori, F., Hernandez, M., Megras, D. and Madrid, J. (2006). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16: 555-562.
Ghahari, N. (2015). Effect of ziziphora(Ziziphora tenuior L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita) and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) on performance, digestion of dry matter ability, blood parameters and microbial population of faeces in Holstein calves. Master of Science Thesis of Uuniversity of Gorgan Agriculture and Natural Sources. pp: 77. [In Persian]
Ghazanfari, Sh., Adib Moradi, M. and Rahimi Niat, F. (2015). Effects of different levels of Artemisia sieberi essential oil on intestinal morphology characteristics, microflora population and immune system in broiler chickens. Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(2): 195-202. [In Persian]
Haghighi, H.R., Gong, J., Gyles, C.L., Hayes, M.A., Sanei, B., Parvizi, P., et al. (2005). Modulation of antibody mediated immune response by probiotic in chickens. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory performance and nutrient availability in broiler. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 36: 630-638.
Hashemi, S.R., Zulkifli, I., Davoodi, H., Zunita, Z. and Ebrahimi, M. (2012) Growth performance, intestinal microflora, plasma fatty acid profile in broiler chickens fed herbal plant (Euphorbia hirta) and mix of acidifiers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 178: 167–174.
Helander, I.M., Alakomi, H.L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandholm, I., Pol, I., Smid, E.J., et al. (1998). Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on Gram Negative bacteria. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 46: 3590-3595.
Jamroz, D., Williczkiewicz, A., Wertelecki, T., Orda, J. and Skorupinska, J. (2005). Use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals. British Poultry Science, 46(4): 458-493.
Lee, K.W., Everts, H. and Beyen, A.C. (2003a). Dietary carvacrol lowers body gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12: 394-399.
Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Kappert, H.J., Frehner, M., Losa, R. and Beynen, A.C. (2003b). Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 44: 450-457.
Mora, F.D., Araque, M., Rojas, L.B., Ramirez, R., Silva, B. and Usubillaga, A. (2009). Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Minthostachys mollis (Kunth) Griseb Vaught from the Venezuelan Andes. Natural Product Communications, 47: 997-1000.
Patten, L.D. and Waldroup, P.W. (1988). Use of organic acids in broiler diets. Poultry Science, 67: 1178-1182.
Ross Broiler. (2014). Management manual. Aviagen. http://www.aviagen.com.
Salamat, A., Ghorchi, T., Ghanbari, F. and Ashayerizadeh, O. (2015). Determination of degradability and the effect of Ziziphora tenuior L. on dry matter digestibility rumen microbial population and blood parameters of Dalaq sheep. Journal of Livestock Research, 4(3): 23-34. [In Persian]
Teymouri Zadeh, Z., Rahimi, S.H., Karimi Torshizi, M.A. and Omidbaigi, R. (2009). The effects of Thymus vulgaris L., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Allium sativum L. extracts and virginiamycin antibiotic on intestinal microflora population and immune system in Broilers. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(1): 39-48. [In Persian]
Tschirch, H. (2000). The use of natural plants extracts as production enhancers in modern animal rearing practices. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej Wroclaw, Zootechnika, 25(376): 25-39.
Vicent, H.V. (2002). Carvacrol and thymol reduce swine waste odor and pathogens stability of oils. Current Microbiology, 44: 38-43.
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Amouei, H., Qotbi, A., Bouyeh, M. and Seidavi, A. (2015). Thymus vulgaris and Thechnomos decrease Escherichia coli and increase lactobacillus in broiler ileum and cecum.International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 4(7): 4857-4863.
Aeschbach, B., Loliger, J., Scott, B.C., Musica, A., Bulter, J. and Halliwell, B. (1994). Antioxidant action of thymol, carvacrol, 6 ginerol, zinezerone and hydroxytyrosol. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 32: 31-36.
Akguel, A., Pooter, H.D. and Buyck, L.D. (1991). The essential oil of Calaminthanepeta and Ziziphora clinopodioides from turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 3: 7-10.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D. and Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46: 446-475.
Canan Bolukbasi, S. and Kuddus Erhan, M. (2006). Effects of dietary Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on laying hen performance and Escherichia coli (E.coli) concentration in feces. Journal of Natural and Engineering Science, 1(2): 55-58.
Cross, D.E., Svoboda, K., Hillman, K., Mcdevitt, R. and Acamovic, T. (2002). Effects of Thymus vulgarisL. essential oil as an in vivo dietary supplement on chicken intestinal microflora. Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Essential oils, Lisbon, Portugal.
Frankic, T., Voijc, M., Salobir, J. and Rezar, V. (2009). Use of herbs and spices and their extracts in animal nutrition. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 94(2): 95-102.
Garcia, V.P., Catala-Gregori, F., Hernandez, M., Megras, D. and Madrid, J. (2006). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16: 555-562.
Ghahari, N. (2015). Effect of ziziphora(Ziziphora tenuior L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita) and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) on performance, digestion of dry matter ability, blood parameters and microbial population of faeces in Holstein calves. Master of Science Thesis of Uuniversity of Gorgan Agriculture and Natural Sources. pp: 77. [In Persian]
Ghazanfari, Sh., Adib Moradi, M. and Rahimi Niat, F. (2015). Effects of different levels of Artemisia sieberi essential oil on intestinal morphology characteristics, microflora population and immune system in broiler chickens. Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(2): 195-202. [In Persian]
Haghighi, H.R., Gong, J., Gyles, C.L., Hayes, M.A., Sanei, B., Parvizi, P., et al. (2005). Modulation of antibody mediated immune response by probiotic in chickens. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory performance and nutrient availability in broiler. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 36: 630-638.
Hashemi, S.R., Zulkifli, I., Davoodi, H., Zunita, Z. and Ebrahimi, M. (2012) Growth performance, intestinal microflora, plasma fatty acid profile in broiler chickens fed herbal plant (Euphorbia hirta) and mix of acidifiers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 178: 167–174.
Helander, I.M., Alakomi, H.L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandholm, I., Pol, I., Smid, E.J., et al. (1998). Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on Gram Negative bacteria. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 46: 3590-3595.
Jamroz, D., Williczkiewicz, A., Wertelecki, T., Orda, J. and Skorupinska, J. (2005). Use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals. British Poultry Science, 46(4): 458-493.
Lee, K.W., Everts, H. and Beyen, A.C. (2003a). Dietary carvacrol lowers body gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12: 394-399.
Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Kappert, H.J., Frehner, M., Losa, R. and Beynen, A.C. (2003b). Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 44: 450-457.
Mora, F.D., Araque, M., Rojas, L.B., Ramirez, R., Silva, B. and Usubillaga, A. (2009). Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Minthostachys mollis (Kunth) Griseb Vaught from the Venezuelan Andes. Natural Product Communications, 47: 997-1000.
Patten, L.D. and Waldroup, P.W. (1988). Use of organic acids in broiler diets. Poultry Science, 67: 1178-1182.
Ross Broiler. (2014). Management manual. Aviagen. http://www.aviagen.com.
Salamat, A., Ghorchi, T., Ghanbari, F. and Ashayerizadeh, O. (2015). Determination of degradability and the effect of Ziziphora tenuior L. on dry matter digestibility rumen microbial population and blood parameters of Dalaq sheep. Journal of Livestock Research, 4(3): 23-34. [In Persian]
Teymouri Zadeh, Z., Rahimi, S.H., Karimi Torshizi, M.A. and Omidbaigi, R. (2009). The effects of Thymus vulgaris L., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Allium sativum L. extracts and virginiamycin antibiotic on intestinal microflora population and immune system in Broilers. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(1): 39-48. [In Persian]
Tschirch, H. (2000). The use of natural plants extracts as production enhancers in modern animal rearing practices. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej Wroclaw, Zootechnika, 25(376): 25-39.
Vicent, H.V. (2002). Carvacrol and thymol reduce swine waste odor and pathogens stability of oils. Current Microbiology, 44: 38-43.
