ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی ژنوتیپ های گندم نان پاییزه
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیرعنا نادری زرنقی 1 , رضا فتوت 2
1 - گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز.
2 - استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تنش خشکی, صفات زراعی, تابع تشخیص, تجزیه ی خوشه ای,
ملخص المقالة :
تنش خشکی عامل اصلی کاهش عملکرد گیاهان در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می باشد. در این مطالعه، گروه بندی تحمل به خشکی 19 ژنوتیپ گندم متعلق به سه گروه حساس، بینابین و متحمل تحت سه شرایط آبیاری (عادی، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید) با استفاده از برخی صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با تحمل به خشکی، از طریق تجزیه ی خوشه ای به روش UPGMA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار پیاده شد و صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر بوته، طول سنبله اصلی، طول ریشک، وزن خشک بوته، عملکرد دانه و محتوی نسبی آب برگ ژنوتیپ ها اندازه گیری شدند. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که تنش خشکی اثر معنی داری بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه، به جز طول ریشک، داشت. تنش خشکی موجب کاهش در اکثر صفات مورد اندازه گیری گردید و بیشترین کاهش در عملکرد دانه دیده شد. تجزیه ی خوشه ای ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه را در هر دو شرایط تنش، در سه گروه قرار داد. به طوری که ژنوتیپ های 15، 13، 12، 16 و 17 در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی در اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه میانگین کمتری را به خود اختصاص دادند. نتایج گروه بندی در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی نشان داد که خوشه بندی گروه دوم و سوم با نتایج برخی از تحقیقات پیشین مطابقت کامل داشته ولی در خوشه اول سه مورد عدم مطابقت با معرفی اولیه دیده شد. لذا، در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی گروه بندی اولیه، به خصوص در مورد اکثر ژنوتیپ های حساس و متحمل، صادق است.
Ahmadi Lahijani, M., and Y. Emam. 2013. Response of wheat genotypes to terminal drought stress using physiological indices. Journal of Crop Production and Proccesing. 3(9): 163-176. (In Persian).
Arduini, I., A. Masoni, L. Ercoli, and M. Mariotti. 2006. Grain yield, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate. European Journal of Agronomy. 25: 309-318.
Dastfal, M., V. Brati, F. Nvabi, and H. Haghighatnia. 2009. Effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in dry and warm conditions in south of Fars province. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 25(3): 329-344. (In Persian).
Farahani, A., and A. Arzani. 2006. Genetic variation of F1 hybrid varieties and genotypes of durum wheat using agronomic and morphological traits. Science Technology Agriculture Natural Resources. 10(4): 341-354.
Farahani, E., and A. Arzani. 2009. Evaluation of genetic variation of durum wheat genotypes using multivariate analyses. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1: 51-64.
Faramarzi, M., H. Yang, R. Schulin, and K.C. Abbaspoura. 2010. Modeling wheat yield and crop water productivity in Iran: Implications of agricultural water management for wheat production. Agriculture, Water and Management. 97: 1861–1875.
Hasheminasab, H., M.T., Assad, A. Ali Akbari, and S.R. Sahhafi. 2012. Evaluation of some physiological traits associated with improved drought tolerance in Iranian wheat. Annals of Biological Research. 3: 1719-1725.
Heidari, B., GH.A. Saidi, and B.A.S. Tabatabaie. 2007. Factor analysis for quantitative traits and path-coefficient analysis for grain yield in wheat. Science Technology Agriculture. 42: 135-143.
Kanbar, A., M. Toorchi, T. Motohashi, K. Kondo, and H.E. Shashidhar .2010. Evaluation of discriminant analysis in identification of deep and shallow rooted plants in early segregating generation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using single tiller approach. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 4: 3909-3916.
Jiang, J.H., R. Tsenkova, and Y. Ozaki. 2001. Principle discriminant variate method for classification of multicollinear data: Principle and Applications. Analytical Sciences. 17: 471-474.
Mendez, M.A., C. Hodar, C. Vulpe, M. Gonzalez, and V. Cambiazo. 2002. Discriminant analysis to evaluate clustering of gene expression data. Federation of European Biochemical Societies. 522: 24-28.
Mohammadi, H., A. Ahmadi, F. Moradi, A. Abbasi, K. Poustini, M. Joudi, and F. Fatehi. 2010. Evaluation of critical traits for improving wheat yield under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Science. 42: 373-385. (In Persian).
Mollasadeghi, V., M. Valizadeh, R. Shahryari, and A.A. Imani .2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance of bread wheat genotypes using stress tolerance indices at presence of potassium humate. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 10 (2): 151-156.
Morant-Manceau, A., E. Pradier, and G. Tremblin. 2004. Osmotic adjustment, gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence of a hexaploid triticale and its parental species under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 161: 25-33.
Munns, R., R.A. James, and A. Lauchli. 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany. 57: 1025-1043.
Romesburg, H.C. 1990. Cluster analysis for researchers. Robert E. Krieger Publishing. Florida, USA.
Roostaei, M., R. Mohammadi, and A. Amri. 2014. Rank correlation among different statistical models in ranking of winter wheat genotypes. Crop Journal. 2: 154-163.
Schillinger, W.F. 2005. Tillage method and sowing rate relations for dry land spring wheat, barley, and oat. Crop Science. 45: 2636-2643.
Shahbazpanahi, B. F., Paknejad, D. Habibi, M. Sadeghi Shoaa, M. Nasri, and A. Pazoki. 2012. Evaluation of irrigation regimes on yield and yield componente in different cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(2): 185-197. (In Persian).
Turkan, I., M. Bor, F. Ozdemir, and H. Koca. 2005. Differential responses of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the leaves of drought-tolerant P. acutifolius gray and drought-sensitive P. vulgaris L. subjected to polyethylene glycol mediated water stress. Plant Science. 168: 223-231.
VanBeuningen, L.T. and R.H. Busch. 1997. Genetic diversity among North American spring wheat cultivars: I., Analysis of the coefficient of parentage matrix. Crop Science. 37: 570-579.
Wang, Z.M., A.L. Wei, and D.M. Zheng. 2001. Photosynthetic characteristics of non-leaf organs of winter wheat cultivars differing in ear type and their relationship with grain mass per year. Photosynthesis. 39: 244-239.
Zhang, S.L., V. Sadras, X.P. Chen, and F.S. Zhang. 2013. Water use efficiency of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau in response to soil and crop management. Field Crops Research. 151: 9-18.
Ahmadi Lahijani, M., and Y. Emam. 2013. Response of wheat genotypes to terminal drought stress using physiological indices. Journal of Crop Production and Proccesing. 3(9): 163-176. (In Persian).
Arduini, I., A. Masoni, L. Ercoli, and M. Mariotti. 2006. Grain yield, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate. European Journal of Agronomy. 25: 309-318.
Dastfal, M., V. Brati, F. Nvabi, and H. Haghighatnia. 2009. Effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in dry and warm conditions in south of Fars province. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 25(3): 329-344. (In Persian).
Farahani, A., and A. Arzani. 2006. Genetic variation of F1 hybrid varieties and genotypes of durum wheat using agronomic and morphological traits. Science Technology Agriculture Natural Resources. 10(4): 341-354.
Farahani, E., and A. Arzani. 2009. Evaluation of genetic variation of durum wheat genotypes using multivariate analyses. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1: 51-64.
Faramarzi, M., H. Yang, R. Schulin, and K.C. Abbaspoura. 2010. Modeling wheat yield and crop water productivity in Iran: Implications of agricultural water management for wheat production. Agriculture, Water and Management. 97: 1861–1875.
Hasheminasab, H., M.T., Assad, A. Ali Akbari, and S.R. Sahhafi. 2012. Evaluation of some physiological traits associated with improved drought tolerance in Iranian wheat. Annals of Biological Research. 3: 1719-1725.
Heidari, B., GH.A. Saidi, and B.A.S. Tabatabaie. 2007. Factor analysis for quantitative traits and path-coefficient analysis for grain yield in wheat. Science Technology Agriculture. 42: 135-143.
Kanbar, A., M. Toorchi, T. Motohashi, K. Kondo, and H.E. Shashidhar .2010. Evaluation of discriminant analysis in identification of deep and shallow rooted plants in early segregating generation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using single tiller approach. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 4: 3909-3916.
Jiang, J.H., R. Tsenkova, and Y. Ozaki. 2001. Principle discriminant variate method for classification of multicollinear data: Principle and Applications. Analytical Sciences. 17: 471-474.
Mendez, M.A., C. Hodar, C. Vulpe, M. Gonzalez, and V. Cambiazo. 2002. Discriminant analysis to evaluate clustering of gene expression data. Federation of European Biochemical Societies. 522: 24-28.
Mohammadi, H., A. Ahmadi, F. Moradi, A. Abbasi, K. Poustini, M. Joudi, and F. Fatehi. 2010. Evaluation of critical traits for improving wheat yield under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Science. 42: 373-385. (In Persian).
Mollasadeghi, V., M. Valizadeh, R. Shahryari, and A.A. Imani .2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance of bread wheat genotypes using stress tolerance indices at presence of potassium humate. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 10 (2): 151-156.
Morant-Manceau, A., E. Pradier, and G. Tremblin. 2004. Osmotic adjustment, gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence of a hexaploid triticale and its parental species under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 161: 25-33.
Munns, R., R.A. James, and A. Lauchli. 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany. 57: 1025-1043.
Romesburg, H.C. 1990. Cluster analysis for researchers. Robert E. Krieger Publishing. Florida, USA.
Roostaei, M., R. Mohammadi, and A. Amri. 2014. Rank correlation among different statistical models in ranking of winter wheat genotypes. Crop Journal. 2: 154-163.
Schillinger, W.F. 2005. Tillage method and sowing rate relations for dry land spring wheat, barley, and oat. Crop Science. 45: 2636-2643.
Shahbazpanahi, B. F., Paknejad, D. Habibi, M. Sadeghi Shoaa, M. Nasri, and A. Pazoki. 2012. Evaluation of irrigation regimes on yield and yield componente in different cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(2): 185-197. (In Persian).
Turkan, I., M. Bor, F. Ozdemir, and H. Koca. 2005. Differential responses of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the leaves of drought-tolerant P. acutifolius gray and drought-sensitive P. vulgaris L. subjected to polyethylene glycol mediated water stress. Plant Science. 168: 223-231.
VanBeuningen, L.T. and R.H. Busch. 1997. Genetic diversity among North American spring wheat cultivars: I., Analysis of the coefficient of parentage matrix. Crop Science. 37: 570-579.
Wang, Z.M., A.L. Wei, and D.M. Zheng. 2001. Photosynthetic characteristics of non-leaf organs of winter wheat cultivars differing in ear type and their relationship with grain mass per year. Photosynthesis. 39: 244-239.
Zhang, S.L., V. Sadras, X.P. Chen, and F.S. Zhang. 2013. Water use efficiency of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau in response to soil and crop management. Field Crops Research. 151: 9-18.
