مایه زنی قارچهای Piriformospora indica و Trichoderma virens جهت بهبود صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با عملکرد برنج در مقادیر مختلف کود فسفر
الموضوعات :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
فائزه محمدی کشکا
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.)
همت اله پیردشتی
2
(پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان - دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری)
یاسر یعقوبیان
3
(دکتری زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران)
تاريخ الإرسال : 20 الجمعة , شعبان, 1437
تاريخ التأكيد : 03 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1439
تاريخ الإصدار : 04 الثلاثاء , جمادى الثانية, 1439
الکلمات المفتاحية:
عملکرد بیولوژیک,
کلروفیل,
شبهمیکوریز,
طارم هاشمی,
عملکرد شلتوک,
ملخص المقالة :
حفظ محیط‌زیست و تولید محصولات کشاورزی سالم از اهداف کشاورزی پایدار می‌باشد. در این زمینه، استفاده از ریزجانداران افزاینده رشد جهت کاهش نهاده‌های شیمیایی می‌تواند مفید باشد. بنابراین، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه زارعین در شهرستان قائم‌شهر، استان مازندران، در سال 1394 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل سه سطح کود فسفر (صفر (شاهد)، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع سوپر‌فسفات تریپل) و روش مایه‌زنی توأم قارچهای T. virens و P. indica در چهار سطح (شاهد، تلقیح بذر، تلقیح نشاء و تلقیح توأم بذر و نشاء) بودند. نتایج آزمایش حاکی از تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار قارچ‌ها بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد شلتوک گیاه برنج در هر سه سطح کودی بود. برای نمونه در شرایط کود فسفر صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار، مایه‌زنی به روش تلقیح بذر باعث افزایش معنی‎دار تعداد خوشه در بوته (به‌ترتیب حدود 33، 19 و 40 درصد)، تعداد دانه پر در بوته (به‌ترتیب حدود 21، 45 و 58 درصد)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (به‌ترتیب حدود 31، 6 و 18 درصد) و عملکرد شلتوک (به‎ترتیب حدود 37، 48 و 43 درصد) گیاه برنج شد. مایه‌زنی قارچ‌ها با روش‌های تلقیح بذر، تلقیح گیاهچه و تلقیح توأم بذر و نشاء نیز عملکرد شلتوک را به‌ترتیب حدود 48، 53 و 53 درصد در سطح فسفر 50 و حدود 43، 44 و 15 درصد در شرایط مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش داد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که هر سه روش مایه‌زنی قارچ‌ها در سطوح صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر مصرفی، باعث بهبود عملکرد شلتوک برنج شدند، که می‌توان علت این نتیجه را با بهبود صفات مورد بررسی از جمله تعداد خوشه در بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیک مرتبط دانست. درمجموع، کاربرد هم‌زمان ریزجانداران مورد مطالعه و کود شیمیایی فسفر اثر افزایشی بیشتری نسبت به کاربرد جداگانه کود شیمیایی فسفر به‌همراه داشت.
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