تغییرات غلظت برخی عناصر در علوفه ذرت (Zea mays L) تحت تأثیر منبع و مقدار کودهای آلی و فشردگی خاک
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعینصرت اله نجفی 1 , آرش محمدنژاد 2
1 - دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
2 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
الکلمات المفتاحية: عناصر غذایی, تراکم خاک, کود دامی, ذرت, کمپوست پسماند شهری, لجن فاضلاب,
ملخص المقالة :
فشردگی خاک یکی از مهم‌ترین محدودیت‌های رشد گیاهان زراعی است که باعث کاهش جذب عناصر غذایی به‌وسیله گیاه می‌شود. استفاده از کودهای آلی در خاک‌های کشاورزی می‌تواند اثرهای مضر فشردگی خاک بر رشد گیاه را کاهش داده و بخشی از مواد غذایی مورد نیاز گیاه را نیز تأمین کند. برای بررسی اثر تلفیقی مواد آلی و فشردگی خاک بر جذب برخی عناصر به‌وسیله ذرت، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل و سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول منبع و مقدار کود آلی شامل شاهد، کود دامی، کمپوست لجن فاضلاب و کمپوست پسماند شهری و هر یک از کودهای آلی در دو سطح 15 و 30 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک و عامل دوم فشردگی خاک (چگالی ظاهری خاک) در دو سطح 1.2 و 1.7 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب بودند. برای انجام آزمایش، 10 کیلوگرم خاک داخل گلدان‌های ویژه‌ای از جنس پی‌وی‌سی ریخته و سپس بذرهای ذرت رقم سینگل کراس 704 کاشته شد. در پایان دوره رشد، شاخساره (اندام های هوایی) برداشت و غلظت های فسفر، پتاسیم، سدیم، آهن، روی، منگنز، کادمیم و سرب آن به‌روش خشک‌سوزانی تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت های کادمیم و سرب شاخساره ذرت در تیمارهای مختلف ناچیز بودند. غلظت های فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، روی و منگنز شاخساره ذرت با مصرف کود دامی، کمپوست لجن فاضلاب و کمپوست پسماند شهری در هر دو سطـح فشردگی خاک به‌طور معنی داری افزایش یافتند ولی غلظت سدیم شاخساره تغییر معنی داری نکرد. فشرده شدن خاک غلظت فسفر، آهن، روی و منگنز شاخساره ذرت را به‌طور معنی داری کاهش داد ولی بر غلظت سدیم و پتاسیم شاخساره اثر معنی داری نداشت. مصرف کودهای آلی و افزایش مقدار مصرف آنها سبب کاهش اثرهای منفی فشردگی خاک بر جذب عناصر غذایی به‌وسیله ذرت شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برای بهبود تغذیه ذرت علوفه‌ای، مصرف 15 یا 30 گرم کمپوست لجن فاضلاب یا کود دامی یا کمپوست پسماند شهری بر کیلوگرم خاک می‌تواند در شرایط مشابه (فشرده و غیرفشرده) توصیه شود.
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