ارزیابی تحمل به کم آبی 10 رقم سیب زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L) بر اساس برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد غده در منطقه اردبیل
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
علیرضا نوری
1
(دانشجوی دکترا، فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، پردیس بین الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
احمد نظامی
2
(استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
محمد کافی
3
(استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
داود حسن پناه
4
(عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: ارقام سیب زمینی, شاخص کلروفیل, محتوی آب نسبی, نشت الکترولیت ها,
ملخص المقالة :
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیکی موثر بر عملکرد 10 رقم سیب زمینی تحت شرایط تنش آبی، طی دو سال (1392 و 1393) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل اجرا گردید. آزمایش به صورت اسپیلت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. کرت اصلی شامل سه سطح تنش آبی (تامین 100درصد ،80 درصد و 60 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) و کرت فرعی شامل 10 رقم (خاوران، ساوالان، لوکا، ساتینا، سانته، مارفونا، کایزر، آگریا، آئولا و دراگا) از ارقام تجاری سیب زمینی معرفی شده در 30 سال گذشته بود. در طی دوره رشد، محتوای آب نسبی برگ، نشت الکترولیت ها و شاخص کلروفیل برگ در پنج مرحله رشدی سیب زمینی اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب محتوی آب نسبی برگ ها در مراحل مختلف رشد سیب زمینی نشان داد که اختلاف بین ارقام، سال ها، و اثرمتقابل رقم در تنش آبی در کلیه مراحل رشد، اثرمتقابل رقم در سال در مرحله چهارم رشد و اثرمتقابل رقم، تنش و سال در مراحل اول، دوم و سوم رشدی سیب زمینی معنی دار بودند. از لحاظ میزان نشت الکترولیت ها و شاخص کلروفیل بین سال، سطوح تنش آبی، ارقام و اثر متقابل رقم در تنش آبی در کلیه مراحل رشد اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. از نظر شاخص کلروفیل بین سطوح مختلف تنش آبی در مراحل اول، دوم، سوم و پنجم رشدی اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده شد. اختلاف عملکرد غده بین سال، سطوح تنش آبی، ارقام و اثرمتقابل تنش آبی در سـال، رقم در تنش آبی و سـال در رقم معنی دار گردید. براساس نتایج به دست آمده، در شرایط آبیاری عادی ارقام خاوران و ساتینا از محتوای آب نسبی بیشتر، نشت الکترولیت های کمتر، شاخص کلروفیل برگ بالاتر و عملکرد غده بیشتر برخوردار بودند. ارقام کایزر، دراگا و خاوران در شرایط تنش ملایم و ارقام آگریا و دراگا در شرایط تنش شدید میزان محتوی آب نسبی بیشتر و عملکرد غده بالاتر داشتند. ارقام ساوالان، لوکا، ساتینا و مارفونا در شرایط تنش شدید دارای میزان نشت الکترولیت های کمتر و عملکرد غده بیشتر و رقم ساوالان شاخص کلروفیل بالاتر و عملکرد غده بیشتر بودند و به عنوان ارقام متحمل به تنش کم آبی انتخاب شدند.
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