تأثیر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و محتوای عناصر ریزمغذی برنج قهوه‌ای و سفید دو رقم هاشمی و گیلانه
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیسجاد عیسی‌پور نخجیری 1 , مجید عاشوری 2 , سید مصطفی صادقی 3 , ناصر محمدیان روشن 4 , مجتبی رضایی 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
3 - دانشیار،گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
5 - استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مس, تنش خشکی, برنج, کود نیتروژنه, محتوای روی, آهن و منگنز دانه,
ملخص المقالة :
به دلیل محدودیت در فراهمی آب در زراعت برنج، از خشک و تر کردن تناوبی به جای غرقاب نمودن دایمی جهت کاهش مصرف آب در شالیزارها استفاده می گردد. بدین منظور با هدف بررسی تاثیر روش های مختلف آبیاری و مقادیر کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و محتوای عناصر ریزمغذی برنج قهوه ای و سفید در دو رقم هاشمی و گیلانه در سال های زراعی 96-1395 و 97-1396 به صورت کرت های دو بار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در رشت اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آبیاری غرقاب، آبیاری با فاصله 7 روز و 14 روز در کرت اصلی، مصرف 50، 75 و 100 گیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن در کرت فرعی و ارقام هاشمی و گیلانه در کرت فرعی فرعی قرار داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سال بر عملکرد و تعداد خوشه در مترمربع معنی دار شد. برهمکنش سه عامل مورد مطالعه بر عملکرد در سال 1396 و 1397، تعداد خوشه در مترمربع در سال 1396، و محتوای عناصر ریزمغذی دانه از نظر آماری معنی دار گردید. افزایش فاصله آبیاری تعداد خوشه در مترمربع، تعداد دانه در خوشه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد شلتوک را کاهش داد، در حالی که مصرف 75 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن این صفات را در هر سه سطح آبیاری در مقایسه با سطح 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن افزایش داد. برتری عملکرد و تعداد دانه در خوشه و تعداد خوشه در مترمربع بالاتری را در رقم گیلانه نسبت به هاشمی در هر سه سطح آبیاری نشان داد. افزایش فاصله آبیاری بر محتوای عناصر ریزمغذی در برنج قهوه ای و سفید افزود. دو سطح کودی 75 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیز این صفات را نسبت به سطح دیگر کود نیتروژن افزایش دادند. در آبیاری با فاصله 14 روز و مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن بیش ترین محتوای Zn، Cu، Fe و Mn در برنج قهوه ای و سفید مشاهده شد. مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن در هر دو رقم توانست در هر سه سطح آبیاری، عملکرد کمّی و کیفی دانه را در مقایسه با دو سطح دیگر کود نیتروژن افزایش دهد و سطح مناسبی از کود برای تعدیل اثرات مضر افزایش فواصل آبیاری باشد.
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· Bouman, B. 2007. Water management in irrigated rice: coping with water scarcity: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
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· Chandel, G., S. Banerjee, S. See, R. Meena, D. Sharma, and S. Verulkar. 2010. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and native soil properties on rice grain Fe, Zn and protein contents. Rice Science. 17(3): 213-227.
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· Farooq, M., S. Basra, A. Wahid, Z. Cheema, M. Cheema, and A. Khaliq. 2008. Physiological role of exogenously applied glycinebetaine to improve drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 194(5): 325-333.
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· Samarah, N., R. Mullen, and S. Cianzio. 2004. Size distribution and mineral nutrients of soybean seeds in response to drought stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 27(5): 815-835.
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· Ashouri, M. 2014. Water use efficiency, irrigation management and nitrogenutilization in rice production in the north of Iran. APCBEE Procedia. 8: 70 – 74.
· Ashouri, M. 2015. The effect of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on some of rice growth analysis in north of Iran. International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Sciences. 3(1): 2320–4087.
· Bouman, B. 2007. Water management in irrigated rice: coping with water scarcity: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
· Castillo, E.G., T.P. Tuong, U. Singh, K. Inubushi, and J. Padilla. 2006. Drought response of dry-seeded rice to water stress timing and N-fertilizer rates and sources. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 52(4): 496-508.
· Chandel, G., S. Banerjee, S. See, R. Meena, D. Sharma, and S. Verulkar. 2010. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and native soil properties on rice grain Fe, Zn and protein contents. Rice Science. 17(3): 213-227.
· Chen, Y., M. Wang, and P.B. Ouwerkerk. 2012. Molecular and environmental factors determining grain quality in rice. Food and Energy Security. 1(2): 111-132.
· Emami, A. 1996. Methods of plant analysis (Volume I). Soil and Water Research Institue. 2(982). 128pp. (In Persian)
· Faraji, H., S.A. Siadat, Gh.A. Fathi, Y. Emam, H.A. Nadian, and A.R. Rasekh. 2006. Effect of nitrogen on wheat grain yield under terminal drought stress. The Science Journal of Agriculture. 29(1): 99-111. (In Persian).
· Farooq, M., S. Basra, A. Wahid, Z. Cheema, M. Cheema, and A. Khaliq. 2008. Physiological role of exogenously applied glycinebetaine to improve drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 194(5): 325-333.
· Gandebe, M., A. Ngakou, and R. Ndjouenkeu. 2017. Changes in some nutritional and mineral components of nerica rice varieties as affected by field application with mycorrhiza and chemical fertilizer in Northern Cameroon. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 8(8): 823-839.
· Gomaa, M., F. Radwan, E. Kandil, and M. Shawer. 2015. Impact of micronutrients and bio-fertilization on yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Middle East Journal. 4(4): 919-924.
· Gu, J., J. Chen, L. Chen, Z. Wang, H. Zhang, and J. Yang. 2015. Grain quality changes and responses to nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice cultivars released in the Yangtze River Basin from the 1950s to 2000s. The Crop Journal. 3(4): 285-297.
· Haefele, S., S. Jabbar, J. Siopongco, A. Tirol-Padre, S. Amarante, P.S. Cruz, and W. Cosico. 2008. Nitrogen use efficiency in selected rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under different water regimes and nitrogen levels. Field Crops Research. 107(2): 137-146.
· Haefele, S.M., Y. Kato, and S. Singh. 2016. Climate ready rice: augmenting drought tolerance with best management practices. Field Crops Research. 190: 60-69.
· Hamnér, K., M. Weih, J. Eriksson, and H. Kirchmann. 2017. Influence of nitrogen supply on macro-and micronutrient accumulation during growth of winter wheat. Field Crops Research. 213: 118-129.
· Hao, H.L., Y.Z. Wei, X.E. Yang, F. Ying, and C.Y. Wu. 2007. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in shoot and grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice Science. 14(4): 289-294.
· Kheyri, N., Y. Niknejad, and M, Abbasalipour. 2018. The Effects of using organic and biological fertilizer along with lower rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer on quality and quantity of rice yield. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 3(47): 445-460. (In Persian).
· Latifi, A. 2011. Effect of drying temperature and paddy final moidture on milling qulity of three rice varieties. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi). 102: 71-75. (In Persian)
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· Pan, J., Y. Liu, X. Zhong, R.M. Lampayan, G.R. Singleton, N. Huang, and K. Tian. 2017. Grain yield, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under different water management and fertilizer-N inputs in South China. Agricultural Water Management. 184: 191-200.
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· Sadati Valojai, S.T., Y. Niknejad, H. Fallah, and D, Barati Tari. 2020. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nano-fertilizers on growth and seed of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 1(57): 37-56. (In Persian).
· Samarah, N., R. Mullen, and S. Cianzio. 2004. Size distribution and mineral nutrients of soybean seeds in response to drought stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 27(5): 815-835.
· Shi, R., Y. Zhang, X. Chen, Q. Sun, F. Zhang, V. Römheld, and C. Zou. 2010. Influence of long-term nitrogen fertilization on micronutrient density in grain of winter wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). Journal of Cereal Science. 51(1): 165-170.
· Singh, B.R., Y.N. Timsina, O.C. Lind, S. Cagno, and K. Janssens. 2018. Zinc and iron concentration as affected by nitrogen fertilization and their localization in wheat grain. Frontiers in Plant Science. 9(307): 1-12.
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· Wang, Z., W. Zhang, S.S. Beebout, H. Zhang, L. Liu, J. Yang, and J. Zhang. 2016. Grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of rice as influenced by irrigation regimes and their interaction with nitrogen rates. Field Crops Research. 193: 54-69.
· Yamaji, E. 2011. Achieving more with less water: alternate wet and dry irrigation (AWDI) as an alternative to the conventional water management practices in rice farming. Journal of Agricultural Science. 3(3): 1-11.
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