تأثیر تنش خشکی و سلنیوم بر برخی خصوصیات رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی پیاز (.Allium cepa L) توده‌ی زرد اصفهان
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعینوشین حقانی 1 , معصومه عامریان 2 , محمود خرمی‌وفا 3
1 - دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: فنل کل, هدایت روزنه‌ای, فلاونوئید, قند محلول کل,
ملخص المقالة :
سلنیوم به‌دلیل داشتن خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و فیزیولوژیکی به‌عنوان یک عنصر میکرو در نظر گرفته می‌شود. نقش مثبت سلنیوم در کاهش تأثیرات شدید تنش های محیطی مختلف در گیاهان، هنوز ناشناخته بوده و نیاز به بررسی دارد. در این تحقیق تأثیر سلنیوم بر افزایش تحمل به خشکی پیاز توده‌ی زرد اصفهان به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در شرایط گلخانه‌ای، فاکتور اول شامل تنش خشکی در سه سطح (صفر، 50 و 25 % ظرفیت زراعی) و سطوح مختلف سلنیوم در سه سطح (صفر، 5 و 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنات سدیم) بود. محلول‌پاشی برگی سلنیوم طی دو مرحله، مرحله‌ی اول محلول‌پاشی در زمان شروع تنش (مرحله‌ی شروع تولید سوخ) و مرحله‌ی دوم دو هفته پس از شروع تنش (مرحله‌ی توسعه سوخ) انجام شد. در هر سه سطح تنش خشکی، با افزایش غلظت سلنیوم ارتفاع دانه رست (66/62 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد برگ (66/11) و وزن تر (82/36 گرم) و خشک سوخ پیاز (66/4 گرم) افزایش یافت. برخلاف تنش خشکی، سلنیوم خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی (فنل کل، فلاونوئید، قند محلول کل، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و هدایت روزنه‌ای) پیاز را افزایش داد. افزایش رشد پیاز در شرایط تنش خشکی به خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی سلنیوم نسبت داده می‌شود. با توجه به این‌که سلنیوم در غلظت‌های بالا به‌عنوان اکسیدان عمل کرده و رشد را کاهش می‌دهد، غلظت 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنیوم مشکلی برای پیاز نداشت و باعث افزایش رشد دانه رست و سوخ پیاز شد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، استفاده از سلنیوم می‌تواند سیستم دفاعی آنتی‌اکسیدانی را در شرایط تنش خشکی بهبود بخشد.
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· Hendry, G. 1993. Evolutionary origins and natural functions of fructanc. New Phytologist. 123: 3-14.
· Irigoyen, J.J., D.W. Emerrich, and M. Sanchez–Diaz. 1992. Water stress induction changes in concentrations of proline and total sugars in nodulated alfalfa. Plant Physiology. 84: 55–60.
· Jó´zwiak, W., and B. Politycka. 2019. Efect of selenium on alleviating oxidative stress caused by a water deficit in cucumber roots. Plants. 8(7): 217-235.
· Kumar, A., and D.P. Singh. 1998. Use of physiological indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in oilseed Brassica species. Annals of Botany. 81: 413-420.
· Kuznetsov, V.V., V.P. Kholodova, and B.A. Yagodin. 2003. Selenium regulates the water status of plants exposed todrought. Doklady Biolological Science. 390: 266-268.
· Lan, C.Y., C.Y.K.H. Lin, W.D. Huang, and C.C. Chen. 2019. Protective effects of selenium on wheat seedlings under salt stress. Agronomy Journal. 9(6): 272-286.
· Lobato, A.K.S., C.F. Oliveira Neto, B.G. Santos Filho, R.C.L. Costa, F.J.R. Cruz, H.K.B. Neves, and M.J.S. Lopes. 2008. Physiological and biochemical behavior in soybean (Glycine max cv. Sambaiba) plants under water deficit. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2: 25-32.
· Maali-Amiri, R., I.V. Goldenkova-Pavlova, V. Pchelkin, V.D. Tsydendambaev, A.G. Vereshchagin, A.N. Deryabin, T.I. Trunova, D.A. Los, and A.M. Nosov. 2007. Lipid fatty acid composition of potato plants transformed with the 12-desaturase gene from cyanobacterium. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 54: 678-685.
· Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press. London, 549-561.
· Maxwell, K., and G.N. Johnson. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany. 51: 659-668.
· Mirzakhani, M. 2014. Evaluation the effect of water stress and selenium application on stress susceptibility indices of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars in Markazi.Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 1(3): 65-80.
· Munne-Bosch, S., and L. Alegre. 2004. Die and let live: leaf senescence contributes to plant survival under drought stress. Funetional Plant Biology. 31: 203-216.
· Naeemi, M., G.A. Akbari, A.H, Shirani Rad, T. Hasanloo, G.A. Akbari, and M. Amirinejad. 2015. The effect of zeolite application and selenium foliar spraying under different moisture regimes on some physiological traits and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin.Journal of Crops Improvement. 17(3):635.647. (In Persian).
· Najafinezhad, H., Ravari, S.Z, and Javaheri, M.A. 2020. Variation of Forage Yields and some Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Kochia, Millet, Sorghum and Maize under Drought Stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 4(52): 535-554. (In Persian).
· Nawaz, F., R. Ahmad, M.Y. Ashraf, E.A. Waraich, and S.Z. Khan. 2015. Effect of selenium foliar spray on physiological and biochemical processes and chemical constituents of wheat under drought stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 113: 191–200
· Ordone, A.A.L., J.D. Gomez, and M.A. Vattuone. 2008. Antioxidant activities of Sechium edule swartz extracts. Food Chemistry. 97: 452-458.
· Pennanen, A., T. Xue, and H. Hartikainen. 2002. Protective role of selenium in plant subjected to severe UV irradiation stress. Journal of Applied Botany. 76: 66−76.
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