تبیین مولفه های شغل مناسب زنان مبتنی بر رویکرد فازی
الموضوعات :
علی اصغر سعدآبادی
1
(استادیار، گروه سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران،ایران. (نویسنده مسئول)a_sadabadi@sbu.ac.ir)
فاطمه سادات فهری
2
(دانشجوی دکتری کارافرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران ،تهران، ایران.)
کیارش فرتاش
3
(استادیار، گروه سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران،ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: دلفی فازی, اشتغال زنان, موانع اشتغال زنان, شغل مناسب زنان, تحلیل و توسعه گزینه استراتژیک(سودا),
ملخص المقالة :
هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه مولفه های شغل مناسب بانوان با رویکرد فازی از طریق استخراج مولفههای ناظر بر موانع اشتغال و پیشرفت زنان به همراه راهکارهای متناظر آن است. نوع این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و روش آن بر اساس نحوه گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی و از نوع اکتشافی است؛ ماهیت تحقیق نیز آمیخته است. جامعه آماری، کلیه خبرگان و متخصصان علمی و اجرایی در حوزه مسائل زنان و اشتغال آن‌ها است که 34 نفر از خبرگان در حیطه فوق به روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب گردیدند. در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا و دادهکاوی مؤلفه‌های ناظر بر موانع اشتغال بانوان و راهکارهای متناظر با آن‌ها استخراج شد. سپس با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی پرسشنامههایی که در اختیار خبرگان قرار گرفته بود، تجزیه و تحلیل گشت. به منظور تعیین ارتباط میان مؤلفه‌های مورد اجماع نخبگان، روش تحلیل و توسعه گزینه استراتژیک (سودا) به کار گرفته شد. سپس با ادغام نقشههای خبرگان، مدل واحدی اتخاذ شد و در نهایت از درون مدل نهایی پژوهش، 19 مولفه شغل مناسب بانوان که مورد اجماع خبرگان و هدف نهایی این پژوهش است، استخراج گشت که برخی از آن‌ها عبارتند از انعطاف پذیری در ساعت کار، حمایت زنان از سوی همکاران، ترمیم و احیای اعتماد به نفس و خودباوری بانوان ،عدم وابستگی همه مشاغل به مدارک آکادمیک دانشگاهی، وجود مهد یا مراکز نگهداری از کودکان در سازمان و وجود شغل عاری از کلیشههای جنسیتی و ایدئولوژیهای مردسالارانه.
¾ Abounouri, E., & Gholami, N. (2009). Women Employment Trend Versus That of Men and Factors Affecting Women's Employment Share in the Iranian Industrial Sector. Quarterly Journal of Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 7(1): 31-54. (In Persian)
¾ Ahmadnia, Sh. (2004). Employment Effects on Women Health. Social Welfare, 3(12): 158- 180. (In Persian)
¾ Alaedini, P. & Razavi, M. R. (2004). Women's participation and employment in Iran: a critical examination. Social Welfare, 3(12): 132-157. (In Persian)
¾ Alavizadeh, S. A. M., Shamsedini, A. & Hoseini, F. (2017). Studying the obstacles of rural women's employment in balavelayat village located in Kashmar city. Sociology of Women, 7: 195-218. (In Persian)
¾ Alizadeh, M. (2010). The Role of Women Employment in Social Development. Women and Culture, 2(5): 49-59. (In Persian)
¾ Alvani, M., & Zarghami fard, M. (2001) women's Role in Development. Tadbir Journal, 13: 63-66. (In Persian)
¾ Amancio, L. (2005). Reflection on science as a gendered endeavor: changes and continuities. Social science information, 44(1): 65-83.
¾ Ameri, Z., & Khosravi, A. (2018). Being Family-Oriented in Employment Laws: Opportunities and Challenges. The Islamic Journal of Women and the Family, 6(12): 101-127. (In Persian)
¾ Asadzadeh, A., Mirani, N., Ghazi khani, F., Esmail Darjani, N., & Honardoust, A. (2017). Investigating the Role of Employment and Education of Women on Economic Growth in Iran: Gravitational Search Algorithm and Firefly Algorithm Approach. Women in Development and Policy, 15(3): 359-381. (In Persian)
¾ Balali, E., Sayyah, M., & Mohebbi, S. F. (2015). Women entering male jobs: causes and consequences Qualitative exploration of experts’ views. Women in Development and Policy, 13(3): 399-424. (In Persian)
¾ Baratali, M., Yousefi, A., & Mirshah Jafari, S. E. (2010). Women, Employment & Higher Education. Journal of Higher Education ,3(2): 79-101. (In Persian)
¾ Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
¾ Bowling, A. (2002). Measuring health, Philadelphia: Open University.
¾ Bruns, A. (2019). The third shift: Multiple job holding and the incarceration of women's partners. Social Science Research, 80: 202-215.
¾ Chesterman, C., Ross-Smith, A., & Peters, M. (2005). Not doable jobs! Exploring senior women’s attitudesto academic leadership roles. Women’s Studies International Forum, 28: 163– 180.
¾ Crain, W. M., & Crain, N. V. (2020). Regulatory Barriers to Women in Business. Business and Public Administration Studies, 14(2): 15-21.
¾ Ellingsæter, A. L., & Jensen, R. S. (2019). Politicising Women’s Part-Time Work in Norway: A Longitudinal Study of Ideas. Work, Employment and Society, 33(3): 444-461.
¾ Estiri, L., Tafazoli, H., & Soltani, A. (2019). The Status of Women's Employment in the Macro Policies of the Country after the Islamic Revolution. The Islamic Revolution Approach, 49: 159-181. (In Persian)
¾ Fukaom, K., Miyagawa, T., Hak, P. K., & Hee, Rh. (2009). Estimates of Multifactor Productivity, ICT Contribution and Resource Reallocation Effects in Japan and Korea. Rieti Discussion Paper Series 09-E-021, 1-31.
¾ Gholipour, A., Rahimian, A., & Mirzamani, A. (2008). The Impact of Education and Organizational Employment of Women in Tehran. Women in Development and politics, 6(3): 113-132. (In Persian)
¾ Johnstone, M., & Lee, C. (2014). Lifestyle Preference Theory: No match for young Australian women. Journal of Sociology, 52(2): 249-265.
¾ Kilgour, M. A. (2012). The Global Compact and Gender Inequality: A Work in Progress. Business & Society, 52(1): 105 –134.
¾ Koc, A. (2019). Do Women Make Better in Tourism and Hospitality? A Conceptual Review from A Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality Perspective. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, DOI: 10.1080/1528008X.2019.1672234.
¾ Kodagoda, T. (2018). Working Long Hours and Its Impact on Family Life: Experiences of Women Professionals and Managers in Sri Lanka. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 25(1): 108–126.
¾ Looze, J. (2017). Why Do(n't) they leave? Motherhood and women's job mobility. Social Science Research, 65: 47-59.
¾ Matin, Z., & Vogdani, F. (2019). occupation and parenting based on Supreme leader’s view point. Islamic Perspective on Educational Science, 7(12): 83-102. (In Persian)
¾ Micic, L. (2017). Digital Transformation and Influence on GDP.Economics, 5(2): 135-147.
¾ Moeinian, N. (2017). A Sociological Study of the Effect of Gender-Stereotype Images in Occupational Discrimination over Women and the Origins of these Images in Iranian Culture. Women & Study of Family, 10(37): 163-179. (In Persian)
¾ Moghadam, V., & Momenirad, F. (2019). Indices of the desirable pattern for women employment based on the historical experience of early Islam. Islamic Economy, 18(72): 63-94. (In Persian)
¾ Mozayeni A. H., Sahabi, B., & Mamaleki M. (2019). Study of Cyber Space Development Impact on Women Participation in Iran’s Economy (A Case on Women’ s employment and Fertility Rate). Quarterly Sociology of Women, 10(37): 301-329. (In Persian)
¾ Nersisians, E., & Afghahi, M. (2012). Socio-Cultural Factors Hindering Women Occupying Senior Managerial Positions in Tehran University. Sociological Review, 19(40): 113-160. (In Persian)
¾ Norouzi, L. (2004). Gender Differences in Employment Structures. Women in Development and Politics, 2(1): 165-178. (In Persian)
¾ Pekkurnaz, D. (2020). Employment Status and Contraceptive Choices of Women with Young Children in Turkey. Feminist Economics, 26(1): 98-120.
¾ Perugini, C., & Vladisavljević, M. (2019). Gender inequality & the gender-job satisfaction paradox in Europe. Labour Economics, 60: 129–147.
¾ Rafat jah, M., & Kheirkhah, T. (2012). The Issues and Challenges of Women's Employment in Iran from the View Point of Working Managers. Journal of Socio-Cultural Development, 1(2): 130-156. (In Persian)
¾ Raskin, P. M. (2006). Women, Work, and Family Three Studies of Roles and Identity Among Working Mothers. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(10): 1354-1381.
¾ Rastegar Khaled, A. (2006). Employed Women and Strains of Domestic Works. Journal of Daneshvar Behavior, 13(19): 33-52. (In Persian)
¾ Sa'di, H., Yaghoubi Farani, A., Zoleikhaei Sayyar, L., & Ghahremani, F. (2017). Analyzing the Barriers and Limitations of Rural Women Employment (Case Study: Tuyserkan County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 6(17): 35-48. (In Persian)
¾ Sadeghi Fasaei, S., & Khademi, A. (2016). Employment of women: Meta-analysis of past four decade's studies. Journal of Woman in Culture Arts, 7(2): 243-256. (In Persian)
¾ Sharbatian, M.H. 2009. Social aspects & barriers of women's employment. Social Sciences, 7(3): 85-95.
¾ Taleghani, Gh. R, Pourezat, A.A., & Faraji, B. (2009). Survey on the effect of glass ceiling on decrease of women empowerment in Iran Power Development CO. (IPDC). Journal of Public Administration, 1(2): 89-102. (In Persian)
¾ Towhidi, A. R., & Mousavi Tbar, Z. (2019). Principles for The Employment of Women in The Framework of Legal Rules. Women and Culture, 10(39): 107-123. (In Persian)
¾ Torkaman, S., & Fathi, S. (2017). Study the Effect of Women's Employment Concerns Over the Quality of Their Lives. Quarterly Journal of Women & Society, 7(4): 13-25. (In Persian)
¾ Vijeyarasa, R. (2019). Making the law work for women: Standard-setting through a new Gender Legislative Index. Alternative Law Journal, 0(0): 1-6.
¾ Weiss C, Parkinson D, Duncan A (2015). Living longer on less: women, paid work, and superannuation in Victoria, Australia. SAGE Open 5(3), https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015597966
¾ Yousaf, R., & Schmiede, R. (2017). Barriers to women’s representation in academic excellence and positions of power. Asian Journal of German and European Studies, 2(2): 1-13. DOI:10.1186/s40856-017-0013-6.
¾ Zanganeh, M., Niazi, I., Mirkatooli, R., Ashouri, E., & Bagheri, R. (2013). Determinig the order of importance of factors affecting job creation by entrepreneur women using topsis (case study: the co-operative section in Khorasan Razavi Province). Pazhuheshname-ye
Zanan, 4(1): 83-110. (In Persian)
_||_
