اثربخشی آموزش پرما سلیگمن بر بهزیستی ذهنی، کیفیت و جهت‌گیری زندگی تک‌والد مادر
الموضوعات :
آیدا جلائی
1
(دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد ، گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده پزشکی، واحد علوم پزشکی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران، ایران)
پیمان یوسف زاده
2
(استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، واحد علوم پزشکی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)
pyousefzadeh@hotmail.com)
بیتا بهرامی
3
(استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، واحد علوم پزشکی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
تاريخ الإرسال : 03 الثلاثاء , جمادى الأولى, 1443
تاريخ التأكيد : 02 السبت , شعبان, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 28 الثلاثاء , ربيع الثاني, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
کیفیت زندگی,
بهزیستی ذهنی,
مدل پرما سلیگمن,
جهت‌گیری زندگی,
تک‌والد مادر,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مدل پرما سلیگمن بر بهزیستی ذهنی، کیفیت و جهت‌گیری زندگی تک‌والد مادر بود. روش تحقیق از نظر هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش گردآوری نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه آزمایش و کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل تمامی زنان سرپرست خانوار (تک‌والد مادر که به دلیل طلاق، سرپرستی خانواده را بر عهده دارد) مراکز مشاوره منطقه 5 شهر تهران در سال 1399 بود. نمونه پژوهش شامل 36 تک‌والد مادر بود که به شیوه در دسترس گزینش شد و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (18 نفر) و کنترل (18 نفر) همتا شد. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه‌های بهزیستی ذهنی (کییز و ماگیارمو، 2003)، فرم کوتاه کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی (1994) و جهت‌گیری زندگی (شییر و کارور، 1994) بود. آزمودنی‌های گروه آزمایش طی 10 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای تحت برنامه آموزش مدل پرما قرار گرفتند ولی گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون کوواریانس و نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام گرفت. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که آموزش مدل پرما بر بهزیستی ذهنی، کیفیت زندگی و جهت‌گیری زندگی تک‌والد مادر تأثیر دارد. بنابراین می‌توان استنباط کرد که آموزش مدل پرما، بهزیستی ذهنی تک‌والد مادر را افزایش داده، کیفیت زندگی و جهت‌گیری زندگی آنان را بهبود بخشیده است. ازاین‌رو با توجه به نتایج فوق می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که تمرینات پرما با تأکید و تمرکز بر پنج مؤلفه هیجانات مثبت، مجذوبیت، معنا، روابط مثبت و دستاورد بر مؤلفه‌های مزبور مؤثر واقع گردیده است..
المصادر:
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Amato, P.R., & Keith, B. (2011). Parental divorce and Adult well-being: A Meta- Analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, n. 1, p. 43-58.
Arshadi, N., Azadi, S., BassakNejad, S., Beshlideh, K., & Neisi, A. (2018). The effectiveness of flourishing training on psychological capital in female staff of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Quarterly Journal of New Psychological Research, 13 (50), 45-65. [in persian]
Arvidsson, B., et al. (2006). A nurse-led rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative study. Nurse Health Socia. 3, p. 133-139.
Asghari Soleimani, M., KhanMohammadi, A., Abbasi Asfajir, A., & Sadeghi, J. (2020). The effectiveness of flourishing education on anxiety, stress and stress of students of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Journal of Community Health, 14 (3), 65-75. [in persian]
Ayşe, E.B. (2018). Adaptation of the PERMA well-being scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability studies. Educational Research Review, 13, 129-135.
Banks, L. (2020). A Comparison of the Well-being of Childless Older Adults and Those with Children from the Perspective of the PERMA Model. A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Department of Psychology/Gerontology Northeastern Illinois University. ProQuest Number: 27837853.
Botey, A.P., & Kulig, J.C. (2014). Family functioning following wildfires: Recovering from the 2011 Slave Lake fires. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(8), 1471-1483.
Carr, A. (2012). Family Therapy: Concepts, Process and Practice, 3rd Edition. Wiley Series in Clinical Psychology. ISBN: 978-1-118-38427-5.
Choi, M.Y. (2021). Mental and Physical Factors Influencing Wellbeing among South Korean Emergency Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(1):70.
Coffey, J., Wray-Lake, L., Branand, B., & Mashek, D. (2014). Multi-Study Examination of Well-Being Theory in College and Community Samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1).
Feng, X., Lu, X., Li, Z., Zhang, M., Li, J., & Zhang, D. (2020). Investigating the Physiological Correlates of Daily Well-being: A PERMA Model-Based Study. The Open Psychology Journal, 13, 169-180.
GolestaniBakht, T. (2007). Providing a model of mental health and happiness in the population of Tehran. Specialized doctoral dissertation. Al-Zahra University . [in persian]
Goodman, , Disabato, D., Kashdan, T., & Kauffman, S. (2018). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321-332.
Greunke, J, MC. (2019). The relationship between parent role, parental stress, life satisfaction, and mindfulness on parental well-being. ProQuest
Hajihasani, S., Salehi, M., & Emami, S. (2012). Comparison Behavioral disorders among primary school boys raised in single- and two-parent of families. Family and Research Quarterly, 9(3), 121-138. [in persian]
Hamidifar, A., Abbasi, Gh., Pakzad, R., Beheshti, S.Gh. (2011). Investigating the relationship between family performance and arousal with antisocial behaviors on the last Wednesday of the year. Social Security Studies Quarterly, 2 (26), 157-175. [in persian]
Harkness, S., Gregg, P., & Fernandez-Salgado, M. (2020). The Rise in Single-Mother Families and Children’s Cognitive Development: Evidence from Three British Birth Cohorts. Child Development, Volume 91, Number 5.
Hemandra, H., Hidayat, R., Yendra, R., Mohd Saad, M.R., Anwar, KH., Afrizal, M., & Mansur, A. (2020). Achievement goals, PERMA and life satisfaction: A mediational analysis. Elementary Education Online, 19 (2) 853-864.
https://www.amar.org.ir (2021)
Kajbaf, M., Oreyzi, H., & Khodabakhshi, M. (2006). Standardization, Reliability, and Validity of Optimism Scale in Esfahan and a Survey of Relationship between Optimism, Selfmastery, and Depression. Psychological Studies, 2(1), 51-68.
Kern, M.L., Waters, L.E., Adler, A., & White, M.A. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework. Journal of Positive Psychology, 10:3, 262-271.
Kim, G. E. & Kim, E.J. (2020). Factors affecting the quality of life of single mothers compared to married mothers. BMC Psychiatry20(1), 1-10.
Lai, M.K., Leung, C., Kwok, Y.C., Hui, N.N., LO, H.M., Leung, T.J., & Tam, H.L. (2020). A Multidimensional PERMA-H Positive Education Model, General Satisfaction of School Life, and Character Strengths Use in Hong Kong Senior Primary School Students: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Path Analysis Using the APASO-II. Frontiers in Psychology, (9) 1664-1078.
Lambert D’raven, L., & Pasha-Zaidi, N. (2016). Using the PERMA Model in the United Arab Emirates. Social Indicators Research, 125, 905–933.
Lee, J., Krause, A.E., & Davidson, J.W. (2017). The PERMA well-being model and music facilitation practice: Preliminary documentation for well-being through music provision in Australian schools. Research Studies in Music Education, 39(1), 73 –89.
leimon A., & McMahon, G. (1952). positive psychology. Translated by Fariba Moghadam (2011). Tehran: Avand Danesh Publishing. [in persian]
Leontopoulou, S. (2020). Measuring well-being in emerging adults: Exploring the PERMA framework for positive youth development. Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 25(1), 72-93.
Maghsoodloo, F., & Amoopour, M. (2016). The effectiveness of positive thinking training on resilience and life satisfaction of divorced female-headed households under the support of Welfare District 5 of Tehran. Journal of Principles of Mental Health, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Recent Innovations in Psychology, Positive Thinking and Resilience, 19 (3), 270-261. [in persian]
Mirzakhani, P., Rezaei, A. M., Bidokhti, A., Najafi, M., & Rahimian Boogar, I. (2017). The educational effectiveness of flourishing on positive emotions, relationships, meaning, progress and fascination of young and elite researchers. Journal of Research in Educational Systems. 11 (36), 230-209. [in persian]
Nargiso, J.E., et al. (2012). Psychological, peer, and family influences on smoking among an adolescent psychiatric sample. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, n. 42, p. 310-318.
Nasiri, H. (2006). Evaluation of validity and short reliability of quality of life of the World Health Organization. The third national seminar on mental health of medical students throughout Iran. [in persian]
Pentti, S., Fegerlund, A., & Nyström, P. (2019). Flourishing families: Effects of a positive psychology intervention on parental flow, engagement, meaning and hope. International Journal of Wellbeing, 9(4), 79 96.
Rasa, J., Rezaei, A. M., & Bigdeli, I. (2017). Effectiveness of flourishing training on reducing psychological distress in high school students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9 (1), 39-50. [in persian]
Rogers, C.J., & Hart, R. (2021). Home and the extended-self: Exploring associations between clutter and wellbeing. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 73(10)15-53.
Rousou, E., Kouta, CH., Middleton, N., Karanikola, M. (2019). Mental health among single mothers in Cyprus: a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. BMC Women's Health 19, 67.
Ruini, Chiara. (2017). Positive psychology in clinical areas (research and practice). Translated by Farid Barati Sadeh & Afsaneh Sadeghi (2018). Tehran: Jafari Novin. [in persian]
Ryan, J., Curtis, R., Olds, T., Edney, S., Vandelontte, C., Plonnikoff, R.,Maher, C. (2019). Psychometric properties of the PERMA Profiler for measuring wellbeing in Australian adults. Journal pone, 14(12), e0225932.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). From happiness to maturity. Translated by Zohreh Ghorbani (2019). Tehran: Sayeh Sokhan Publishing. [in persian]
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). The flourishing of positivist psychology (a new understanding of the theory of happiness and well-being). Translated by Amir Kamkar & Sakineh Hojabrian (2018). Tehran: Ravan Publishing. [in persian]
Seligman, M. E. P., & Rashid, T. (2006). A Practical Guide to Positive Psychotherapy. Translated by Mehdi Khanjani (2019). Tehran: Avaye Noor Publishing. [in persian]
Seligman, M. E. P., Reivich, K. Jaycox, L., & Gillham, J. (1995). Optimistic child: A proven program to always protect children against depression. Translated by Forouzandeh Davarpanah (2009). Tehran: Roshd Publishing. [in persian]
Shaghaghi, F., Abedian, Z., Asgharipour, N., Mazloom, S. R., & Nikrahan, G. (2020). The effect of group training based on positivist psychotherapy on midwives' job ability: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Iranian Occupational Health, 17 (1), 170-160. [in persian]
Shahsavari, P., & Ismaili, M. (2017). The effect of Seligman flourishing intervention on social competence of female high school students with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 18 (4), 51-44. [in persian]
Sheikhi, M. (2009). Sociology of Women and the Family. Tehran: Publishing Company. [in persian]
Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2017). Positive Education for Young Children: Effects of a Positive Psychology Intervention for Preschool Children on Subjective Well Being and Learning Behaviors. Frontier in Psychology, 8,1866.
Spillers, R.L., Wellisch, D.K., Kim, Y., Matthews, A., & Baker, F. (2008). Family Caregivers and Guilt in the Context of Cancer Care. Psychosomatics, 49(6), 511- 519.
Tansey, T.N., Smedema, S., Umucu, E., et al. (2018). Assessing College Life Adjustment of Students with Disabilities: Application of the PERMA Framework. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 61(3), 131-142.
Wagner, L., Gander, F., Proyer, R.T., & Ruch, W. (2020). Character Strengths and PERMA: Investigating the Relationships of Character Strengths with a Multidimensional Framework of Well-Being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(2), 307-328.
World Health Organization. (2019). Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging Evidence, Practice.
_||_
Amato, P.R., & Afifi, T.D. (2006). Feeling Caught Between Parents: Adult Children's Relations With Parents and Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Marriage and Family. 68: 222-235.
Amato, P.R., & Keith, B. (2011). Parental divorce and Adult well-being: A Meta- Analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, n. 1, p. 43-58.
Arshadi, N., Azadi, S., BassakNejad, S., Beshlideh, K., & Neisi, A. (2018). The effectiveness of flourishing training on psychological capital in female staff of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Quarterly Journal of New Psychological Research, 13 (50), 45-65. [in persian]
Arvidsson, B., et al. (2006). A nurse-led rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative study. Nurse Health Socia. 3, p. 133-139.
Asghari Soleimani, M., KhanMohammadi, A., Abbasi Asfajir, A., & Sadeghi, J. (2020). The effectiveness of flourishing education on anxiety, stress and stress of students of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Journal of Community Health, 14 (3), 65-75. [in persian]
Ayşe, E.B. (2018). Adaptation of the PERMA well-being scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability studies. Educational Research Review, 13, 129-135.
Banks, L. (2020). A Comparison of the Well-being of Childless Older Adults and Those with Children from the Perspective of the PERMA Model. A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Department of Psychology/Gerontology Northeastern Illinois University. ProQuest Number: 27837853.
Botey, A.P., & Kulig, J.C. (2014). Family functioning following wildfires: Recovering from the 2011 Slave Lake fires. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(8), 1471-1483.
Carr, A. (2012). Family Therapy: Concepts, Process and Practice, 3rd Edition. Wiley Series in Clinical Psychology. ISBN: 978-1-118-38427-5.
Choi, M.Y. (2021). Mental and Physical Factors Influencing Wellbeing among South Korean Emergency Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(1):70.
Coffey, J., Wray-Lake, L., Branand, B., & Mashek, D. (2014). Multi-Study Examination of Well-Being Theory in College and Community Samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1).
Feng, X., Lu, X., Li, Z., Zhang, M., Li, J., & Zhang, D. (2020). Investigating the Physiological Correlates of Daily Well-being: A PERMA Model-Based Study. The Open Psychology Journal, 13, 169-180.
GolestaniBakht, T. (2007). Providing a model of mental health and happiness in the population of Tehran. Specialized doctoral dissertation. Al-Zahra University . [in persian]
Goodman, , Disabato, D., Kashdan, T., & Kauffman, S. (2018). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321-332.
Greunke, J, MC. (2019). The relationship between parent role, parental stress, life satisfaction, and mindfulness on parental well-being. ProQuest
Hajihasani, S., Salehi, M., & Emami, S. (2012). Comparison Behavioral disorders among primary school boys raised in single- and two-parent of families. Family and Research Quarterly, 9(3), 121-138. [in persian]
Hamidifar, A., Abbasi, Gh., Pakzad, R., Beheshti, S.Gh. (2011). Investigating the relationship between family performance and arousal with antisocial behaviors on the last Wednesday of the year. Social Security Studies Quarterly, 2 (26), 157-175. [in persian]
Harkness, S., Gregg, P., & Fernandez-Salgado, M. (2020). The Rise in Single-Mother Families and Children’s Cognitive Development: Evidence from Three British Birth Cohorts. Child Development, Volume 91, Number 5.
Hemandra, H., Hidayat, R., Yendra, R., Mohd Saad, M.R., Anwar, KH., Afrizal, M., & Mansur, A. (2020). Achievement goals, PERMA and life satisfaction: A mediational analysis. Elementary Education Online, 19 (2) 853-864.
https://www.amar.org.ir (2021)
Kajbaf, M., Oreyzi, H., & Khodabakhshi, M. (2006). Standardization, Reliability, and Validity of Optimism Scale in Esfahan and a Survey of Relationship between Optimism, Selfmastery, and Depression. Psychological Studies, 2(1), 51-68.
Kern, M.L., Waters, L.E., Adler, A., & White, M.A. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework. Journal of Positive Psychology, 10:3, 262-271.
Kim, G. E. & Kim, E.J. (2020). Factors affecting the quality of life of single mothers compared to married mothers. BMC Psychiatry20(1), 1-10.
Lai, M.K., Leung, C., Kwok, Y.C., Hui, N.N., LO, H.M., Leung, T.J., & Tam, H.L. (2020). A Multidimensional PERMA-H Positive Education Model, General Satisfaction of School Life, and Character Strengths Use in Hong Kong Senior Primary School Students: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Path Analysis Using the APASO-II. Frontiers in Psychology, (9) 1664-1078.
Lambert D’raven, L., & Pasha-Zaidi, N. (2016). Using the PERMA Model in the United Arab Emirates. Social Indicators Research, 125, 905–933.
Lee, J., Krause, A.E., & Davidson, J.W. (2017). The PERMA well-being model and music facilitation practice: Preliminary documentation for well-being through music provision in Australian schools. Research Studies in Music Education, 39(1), 73 –89.
leimon A., & McMahon, G. (1952). positive psychology. Translated by Fariba Moghadam (2011). Tehran: Avand Danesh Publishing. [in persian]
Leontopoulou, S. (2020). Measuring well-being in emerging adults: Exploring the PERMA framework for positive youth development. Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 25(1), 72-93.
Maghsoodloo, F., & Amoopour, M. (2016). The effectiveness of positive thinking training on resilience and life satisfaction of divorced female-headed households under the support of Welfare District 5 of Tehran. Journal of Principles of Mental Health, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Recent Innovations in Psychology, Positive Thinking and Resilience, 19 (3), 270-261. [in persian]
Mirzakhani, P., Rezaei, A. M., Bidokhti, A., Najafi, M., & Rahimian Boogar, I. (2017). The educational effectiveness of flourishing on positive emotions, relationships, meaning, progress and fascination of young and elite researchers. Journal of Research in Educational Systems. 11 (36), 230-209. [in persian]
Nargiso, J.E., et al. (2012). Psychological, peer, and family influences on smoking among an adolescent psychiatric sample. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, n. 42, p. 310-318.
Nasiri, H. (2006). Evaluation of validity and short reliability of quality of life of the World Health Organization. The third national seminar on mental health of medical students throughout Iran. [in persian]
Pentti, S., Fegerlund, A., & Nyström, P. (2019). Flourishing families: Effects of a positive psychology intervention on parental flow, engagement, meaning and hope. International Journal of Wellbeing, 9(4), 79 96.
Rasa, J., Rezaei, A. M., & Bigdeli, I. (2017). Effectiveness of flourishing training on reducing psychological distress in high school students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9 (1), 39-50. [in persian]
Rogers, C.J., & Hart, R. (2021). Home and the extended-self: Exploring associations between clutter and wellbeing. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 73(10)15-53.
Rousou, E., Kouta, CH., Middleton, N., Karanikola, M. (2019). Mental health among single mothers in Cyprus: a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. BMC Women's Health 19, 67.
Ruini, Chiara. (2017). Positive psychology in clinical areas (research and practice). Translated by Farid Barati Sadeh & Afsaneh Sadeghi (2018). Tehran: Jafari Novin. [in persian]
Ryan, J., Curtis, R., Olds, T., Edney, S., Vandelontte, C., Plonnikoff, R.,Maher, C. (2019). Psychometric properties of the PERMA Profiler for measuring wellbeing in Australian adults. Journal pone, 14(12), e0225932.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). From happiness to maturity. Translated by Zohreh Ghorbani (2019). Tehran: Sayeh Sokhan Publishing. [in persian]
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). The flourishing of positivist psychology (a new understanding of the theory of happiness and well-being). Translated by Amir Kamkar & Sakineh Hojabrian (2018). Tehran: Ravan Publishing. [in persian]
Seligman, M. E. P., & Rashid, T. (2006). A Practical Guide to Positive Psychotherapy. Translated by Mehdi Khanjani (2019). Tehran: Avaye Noor Publishing. [in persian]
Seligman, M. E. P., Reivich, K. Jaycox, L., & Gillham, J. (1995). Optimistic child: A proven program to always protect children against depression. Translated by Forouzandeh Davarpanah (2009). Tehran: Roshd Publishing. [in persian]
Shaghaghi, F., Abedian, Z., Asgharipour, N., Mazloom, S. R., & Nikrahan, G. (2020). The effect of group training based on positivist psychotherapy on midwives' job ability: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Iranian Occupational Health, 17 (1), 170-160. [in persian]
Shahsavari, P., & Ismaili, M. (2017). The effect of Seligman flourishing intervention on social competence of female high school students with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 18 (4), 51-44. [in persian]
Sheikhi, M. (2009). Sociology of Women and the Family. Tehran: Publishing Company. [in persian]
Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2017). Positive Education for Young Children: Effects of a Positive Psychology Intervention for Preschool Children on Subjective Well Being and Learning Behaviors. Frontier in Psychology, 8,1866.
Spillers, R.L., Wellisch, D.K., Kim, Y., Matthews, A., & Baker, F. (2008). Family Caregivers and Guilt in the Context of Cancer Care. Psychosomatics, 49(6), 511- 519.
Tansey, T.N., Smedema, S., Umucu, E., et al. (2018). Assessing College Life Adjustment of Students with Disabilities: Application of the PERMA Framework. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 61(3), 131-142.
Wagner, L., Gander, F., Proyer, R.T., & Ruch, W. (2020). Character Strengths and PERMA: Investigating the Relationships of Character Strengths with a Multidimensional Framework of Well-Being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(2), 307-328.
World Health Organization. (2019). Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging Evidence, Practice.
