اساس مولکولی برهمکنش بین افکتور¬های بیمارگر¬های قارچی با گیاهان میزبان
امیر میرزادی گوهری
1
(گیاهپزشکی-دانشگاه تهران)
فرزانه لک
2
(گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: افکتور, بیمارگر¬های قارچی, نقش بیولوژیکی, تعاملات متقابل,
ملخص المقالة :
تعاملات مولکولی بین بیمارگر¬های قارچی و گیاهان میزبان یک فرآیند بسیار پیچیده و دینامیک است که به دو صورت مختلف، پاسخهای سازگاری و ناسازگاری، بروز مینماید. در حالت سازگاری، گیاهان در نتیجه حمله بیمارگر به بیماری مبتلا میشوند؛ در مقابل، در حالت ناسازگاری، گیاهان پس از حمله بیمارگر از خود مقاومت نشان میدهند. یکی از جنبههای کلیدی در این برهمکنشها، ترشح مولکولهای پروتئینی کوچک توسط بیمارگر¬های قارچی است. این مولکولهای کوچک، معمولاً به¬عنوان افکتور¬ها شناخته میشوند که طی فرگشت توسط بیمارگر¬های قارچی بدست میآیند. این افکتور¬ها نقش بسیار حیاتی در تغییر فیزیولوژی گیاهان میزبان و سرکوب پاسخهای دفاعی آنها ایفا مینمایند. این مقاله مروری به بررسی اساس ژنتیکی تعاملات مولکولی بین افکتور¬های بیمارگر¬های قارچی و گیاهان میزبان با تأکید بر پاتوسیستم متشکل از بیمارگر قارچی Cladosporium fulvum و گیاه گوجهفرنگی میپردازد. این بررسی میتواند به درک بهتر از نحوه ایجاد بیماری یا بروز مقاومت گیاهان میزبان در برابر بیمارگر¬های قارچی کمک کرده و پایهای جهت توسعه رویکرد¬های نوین در راستای کنترل بیماری¬های گیاهی را فراهم آورد.
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