بررسی مولفه های تاب آوری شهری با تاکید بر سوانح طبیعی (سیل) در شهر تبریز مطالعه موردی مناطق 2، 3، 4 و 7 شهر تبریز
الموضوعات :رضا قاسمی گنجه لو 1 , بختیار عزت پناه 2
1 - کارشناس ارشد مهندسی شهرسازی، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تاب آوری, سوانح طبیعی, انطباق پذیری, آسیب پذیری, کلانشهر تبریز,
ملخص المقالة :
مفهوم تاب آوری به سرعت در حال پیشرفت و توسعه در شهرها است. توسعه یک چارچوب ارزیابی برای ارزیابی میزان تاب آوری مناطق شهری می تواند یک روش موثر برای استفاده از مسائل مربوط به تاب آوری در فرآیند برنامه ریزی شهری باشد. براساس هدف پژوهش "بررسی مولفه های تاب آوری شهری با تاکید بر سوانح طبیعی (سیل) در شهر تبریز" مساله این تحقیق اندازه گیری میزان تاب آوری در ابعاد مدیریت شهری و اجتماعی، اقتصادی، نهادی و کالبدی به منظور مقابله با اثرات سوانح طبیعی (سیل) در شهر تبریز و تبیین عملی نقش تاب آوری و یا تقویت تاب آوری عوامل و مولفه های تبیین کننده وضعیت موجود است. روش تحقیق بصورت توصیفی-تحلیلی و پیمایشی می باشد. در همین رابطه جامعه ی آماری تحقیق جمعیت مناطق 2، 3، 4 و 7 شهر تبریز که حجم نمونه هم 382 نفر از ساکنین شهر تبریز می باشد. با توجه به جمع آوری داده ها، برای تحلیل آماری از روشهای آماری میانه، مد، میانگین، آزمون (On sample T-test) و از نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد. برای بررسی وضعیت مناطق مورد مطالعه شهر تبریز نسبت به در وضعیت تاب آوری شهری از مدل ANP استفاده گردید. باتوجه به یافته های تحقیق مشخص شدکه مدیریت شهری در تاب آوری شهری در مواجه با سوانح طبیعی سیل در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار ندارد و همچنین مشخص شد که الویت بندی مولفه های تاب آوری و بکارگیری آنها در زمان بروز سوانح طبیعی در بازگشت مناطق مورد مطالعه شهر تبریز به وضعیت قبل از سانحه سیل موثر است. همچنین مناطق (2، 3، 4 و 7) شهر تبریز نسبت بهم در وضعیت تاب آوری متفاوتی قراردارند.
Basiri M, Zeinali Azim A, (2019), The Impact of Urban Furniture on the Quality of the Urban Environment (Case Study of Imam Tabriz Street from Saat Square to Abersan), Geography (Regional Planning), 9(3), 229-248.
Bollettino, V.; Alcayna, T.; Dy, P.; Vinck, P. (2017), Introduction to Socio-Ecological Resilience. Oxford Res. Encycl. Nat. Hazard Sci. 2017, Vol. 4.
Brunetta, G, Ceravolo, R Barbieri, C.R, Borghini, A, Carlo F. de, Mela, A, Beltramo, S, Longhi, A, Giulia Lucia, J.D, Ferraris, S, Pezzoli, A, Quagliolo, C, Salata, S, Voghera, A, (2019), Territorial Resilience: Toward a Proactive Meaning for Spatial Planning, Sustainability, 11, 2286; doi:10.3390/su11082286, www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
Brunetta, G, Caldarice, O, Tollin, N, Casals Jordi Morató, M.R, (2019), Urban Resilience for Risk and Adaptation Governance Theory and Practice, Published of Springer.
Bush, J., & Doyon, A. (2019). Building urban resilience with nature-based solutions: How can urban planning contribute? Cities, 95, 102483. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.102483. www.elsevier.com/locate/cities.
Chakraborty, A, Chesher B, Dibis, F, Issa, N, (2019), Urban resilience: A look into global climate change impacts and possible design mitigation, An AESG insight into climate change impacts and design solutions towards helping governments and communities with their quest towards urban resilience. AESG – SEP- 2019. 00, 01, 1-34.
Coaffee, J., Therrien, M. C., Chelleri, L., Henstra, D., Aldrich, D. P., Mitchell, C. L., & Rigaud, É. (2018). Urban resilience implementation: A policy challenge and research agenda for the 21st century. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26(3), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12233. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jccm.
Deppisch, S. (2017), Resilience Thinking as Leitmotif in Urban and Regional Planning Dealing with Climate Change Impacts. In Urban Regions Now & Tomorrow: Between Vulnerability, Resilience and Transformation; Springer Nature: Wiesbaden, Germany, 165–188.
Diaz-Sarachaga, J.M, (2019), Analysis of the Global Resilience Assessment Frameworks for the Urban Realm, ICSD 5th International Conference on Sustainable Development, 17-21 April 2019, Belgrade.
Dottori, F., Szewczyk, W., Ciscar, J.-C., Zhao, F., Alfieri, L., Hirabayashi, Y, Feyen, L. (2018). Increased human and economic losses from river flooding with anthropogenic warming. Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0257-z. www.nature.com/natureclimatechange.
EMDAT. (2019). The EMDAT website. [Online]. Available: www.emdat.be.
Elmqvist, T., Andersson, E., Frantzeskaki, N., McPhearson, T., Olsson, P., Gaffney, O., & Folke, C. (2019). Sustainability and resilience for transformation in the urban century. Nature Sustainability, 2(4), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019- 0250-1. www.nature.com/natsustain.
Faramarzi M, Zeynali Azim, A, (2018), Evaluation of Tabriz Performance Managerial City after the Establishment of Tabriz Islamic Council, Geography (Regional Planning), 9(1), 445-458.
Fastenrath, S, Coenen, L, Davidson, K, (2019), Urban Resilience in Action: the Resilient Melbourne Strategy as Transformative Urban Innovation Policy? Sustainability, MDPI, 11(693), doi:10.3390/su11030693 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability, https://sustainable.unimelb.edu.au/research/research-projects/urban-resilience-in-action.
Folke, C. (2016), Resilience. Ecology and Society, 21, 44. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26269991?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
Frantzeskaki, N., McPhearson, T., Collier, M. J., Kendal, D., Bulkeley, H., Dumitru, A, Pintér, L. (2019). Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Climate Change Adaptation: Linking Science, Policy, and Practice Communities for Evidence-Based Decision-Making. BioScience, 69(6), 455–466. doi:10.1093/biosci/biz042. https://academic.oup.com/bioscience.
Hosseini Amini, Hassan, Ebadi, Hossein, (2019), Explaining Strategic Crisis Management with an Urban Resilience Approach (Case Study: The Worn Tissue of Ahvaz), 8(8), 183-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22067/geo.v0i0.80239. [in Persian]
Ilgen, S, Sengers, F, Wardekker, A, (2019), City-To-City Learning for Urban Resilience: The Case of Water Squares in Rotterdam and Mexico City, water, 11(983), 1-22.
Jha, A. k., Miner, T. W. & Stanton-Geddes, Z., (2013). Building Urban Resilience-Principles, Tools, and Practice. Sly, The World Bank.
Jazayeri Al-Naz, Hataminejad, Hossein, (2019), Evaluation of urban resilience capacity against earthquake risk with emphasis on social and institutional dimensions (Case study: District 12 of Tehran Municipality), Urban Research and Planning, 10(30), 51-62. [in Persian].
Kontokosta, C.E.; Awais, M. (2018), The Resilience to Emergencies and Disasters Index: Applying Big Data to Benchmark and Validate Neighborhood Resilience Capacity. Sustainable Cities and Society 36, 272–285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.10.025. www.elsevier.com/locate/scs.
Leitner, H., Sheppard, E., Webber, S., & Colven, E. (2018). Globalizing urban resilience. Urban Geography, 1–9. doi:10.1080/02723638.2018.1446870. http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rurb20.
Ludin, S.M. Arbon, P.A. (2017), Improving Community Disaster Resilience through Scorecard Self-Testing. Disaster Prev. An International Journal, 26(1). 13 – 27, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/DPM-08-2016-0177, www.emeraldinsight.com/0965-3562.htm.
Markolf, S. A., Chester, M. V., Eisenberg, D. A., Iwaniec, D. M., Davidson, C. I., Zimmerman, R., Chang, H. (2018). Interdependent Infrastructure as Linked Social, Ecological, and Technological Systems (SETSs) to Address Lock‐in and Enhance Resilience. Earth’s Future, 6, 1638-1659. doi:10.1029/2018ef000926.
Meerow, S., & Newell, J. P. (2016). Urban resilience for whom, what, when, where, and why? Urban Geography, 1–21. doi:10.1080/02723638.2016.1206395. Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rurb20
Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., & Stults, M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 147, 38–49. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011. www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan.
Mehmood, A. (2016). Of resilient places: planning for urban resilience. European Planning Studies, 24, 407-419. https://doi. org/10.1080/09654313.2015.1082980. http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ceps20.
Moglia, M.; Cork, S.J.; Boschetti, F.; Cook, S.; Bohensky, E. (2018), Urban Transformation Stories for the 21st Century: Insights from Strategic Conversations. Glob. Environ. Chang, 50, 222–237.
Muntele, I., Ungureanu, A., Rusu, C. (2018). Spaţiul geografic românesc la 100 de ani de la Marea Unire, Editura Universităţii "Alexandru Ioan Cuza", Iaşi.
Nop, S& Thornton, A. (2019). Urban resilience building in modern development: a case of Phnom Penh City, Cambodia. Ecology and Society, 24(2). doi:10.5751/es-10860-240223, https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol24/iss2/art23/.
Patel, N, Jindal, Ar.A, Jain Er.U, (2018), Understanding Flood Resilience in Urban Context, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(1), 1650-1652, www.irjet.net.
Quigley, M., Blair, N., & Davison, K. (2018). Articulating a social-ecological resilience agenda for urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 23(4), 581–602. doi:10.1080/13574809.2018.1440176. http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjud20.
Rizzi, P., Graziano, P., & Dallara, A. (2017). A capacity approach to territorial resilience: the case of European regions. The Annals of Regional Science, 60(2), 285–328. doi:10.1007/s00168-017-0854-1.
Roustay, Shahrivar; Hossein Haghi, Vahid; Jadari, Amir, (2019), Evaluation of physical resilience of urban environments against earthquakes (case study of Tabriz metropolis), Social Research, 43, 130-154. [in Persian]
Rozkani Alireza, Sheikh Al-Islami Alireza, Parizadi Taher, (2019), Analysis of urban resilience status against natural hazards (Study: Baqershahr city), Urban Research and Planning, 10(37), 41-54. [in Persian]
Šakić Trogrlić, R., Rijke, J., Dolman, N., & Zevenbergen, C. (2018). Rebuild by Design in Hoboken: A Design Competition as a Means for Achieving Flood Resilience of Urban Areas through the Implementation of Green Infrastructure. Water, 10(5), 553. doi:10.3390/w10050553
Sanchez A. X, Heijden, J.V.N, Osmond, U, (2018), The city politics of an urban age: urban resilience conceptualizations and policies, Palgrave Communications, 4(25), doi: 10.1057/s41599-018-0074-z /www.nature.com/palcomms.
Schlör, H., Venghaus, S., & Hake, J.-F. (2018). The FEW-Nexus city index – Measuring urban resilience. Applied Energy, 210, 382–392. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.026. www.elsevier.com/locate/apenergy.
Selchow S, (2017), Resilience and resilient in Obama’s national security strategy 2010: enter two ‘political keywords’. Politics 37(1):36–51.
Shamaei, Ali; Sasanpour, Farzaneh; Ali Hosseini, Rahman, (2019), Spatial Analysis of Urban Resilience in Neighborhoods of Central Tabriz, Geographical Research of Urban Planning, 7(2), 349-374. [in Persian]
Shin, S.; Lee, S.; Judi, D.R.; Parvania, M.; Goharian, E.; McPherson, T.; Burian, S.J. A, (2018), systematic review of quantitative resilience measures for water infrastructure systems. Water (Switzerland), 10(164).
Smed, E, Acuto, M. (2018), Networking Cities after Paris: Weighing the Ambition Urban Climate Change Experimentation. Glob. Policy, 4(9), 549–559. doi: 10.1111/1758-5899.12587, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.12587.
Suárez, M., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Benayas, J., & Tilbury, D. (2016). Towards an Urban Resilience Index: A Case Study in 50 Spanish Cities. Sustainability, MPDI, 8(8), 774. doi:10.3390/su8080774. www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability.
Sutley, E. J., van de Lindt, J. W., & Peek, L. (2017). Multihazard Analysis: Integrated Engineering and ocial Science Approach. Journal of Structural Engineering, 143(9), 04017107. doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001846, https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29ST.1943-541X.0001846.
Torgersen, G., Navrud, S., (2018). Singing in the rain: Valuing the economic benefits of avoiding insecurity from urban flooding. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 11, e12338. doi:10.1111/jfr3.12338.
Turriza M, Hernantes, J, Labaka, L, (2019), Coming to Action: Operationalizing City Resilience, Sustainability, MDPI, 11(3054); doi:10.3390/su11113054 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability.
Vlad L. B. (2019). Urban Resilience – A First Step Towards the City of the Future. Revista Română de Geografie Politică, 21(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.30892/rrgp.211102-325. http://rrgp.uoradea.ro/index.htm.
Wang, Z., Deng, X., Wong, C., Li, Z., & Chen, J. (2018). Learning urban resilience from a social-economic-ecological system perspective: A case study of Beijing from 1978 to 2015. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 343–357. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.128. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652618304402.
Zimmerman, R., Zhu, Q., de Leon, F., & Guo, Z. (2017). Conceptual modeling framework to integrate resilient and interdependent infrastructure in extreme weather. Journal of infrastructure Systems, 23(4), 04017034, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943- 555X.0000394.
_||_