بررسی و تحلیل رابطه خوشه ای شدن صنعتی و ارتقاء ظرفیت های یادگیری (مورد مطالعه: خوشه‌های صنعتی مبلمان و چاپ و نشر در شهر قم)
الموضوعات :
Hashem Dadashpoor
1
(
Assistant Professor,Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
)
Mahdi Pourtaheri
2
(
Assistant Professor,Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
)
Abolfazl Moarrefi
3
(
M.A Student in Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: همجواری, کلانشهر قم, Qom Metropolis, Proximity, خوشه‌های صنعتی, ظرفیت های یادگیری, خوشه مبلمان, خوشه چاپ و نشر, Industrial Clustering, Learning Capabilities, Furniture Industrial Cluster, Printing/ Publishing Industrial Cluster,
ملخص المقالة :
رویکرد خوشه های صنعتی، یکی از رویکردهای موفق در زمینه توسعه ی منطقه ای است که با فراخوانی همجواری های کالبدی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی، اقتصادی و نهادیِ فضای پیرامون، ارتقاء ظرفیت های یادگیری در محیط شهری و منطقه‌ای را موجب می‌شود. هدف مقاله حاضر، سنجش چگونگی رابطه میان خوشه ای شدن صنعتی و ارتقاء ظرفیت های یادگیری، در صنایع مبلمان و چاپ و نشر کلان شهر قم است. روش تحقیق در مقاله حاضر پیمایشی و رویکرد حاکم بر آن کاربردی بوده و حجم نمونه تحقیق بر اساس جدولِ حداقل اندازه ی نمونه برای جامعه‌ی آماری (94 بنگاه در صنعت مبلمان و 90 بنگاه در صنعت چاپ و نشر) و روش نمونه گیری احتمالی طبقه بندی شده تعیین شده و روایی ظاهری، روایی محتوایی و پایایی سازه های آزمون به ترتیب با استفاده از نظر کارشناسان، آزمون کرویت بارتلت و KMO و آزمون آلفای کرونباخ مورد تائید قرار گرفته است. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه ی 10 سوالی ظرفیت های یادگیری و پرسشنامه 36 سوالی برای شاخص های خوشه صنعتی می باشد. داده ها از طریق تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون تحلیل شد. یافته ها نشان داد که در خوشه صنعتی چاپ و نشر، همجواری های اجتماعی-فرهنگی و اقتصادی و در خوشه صنعتی مبلمان، تنها همجواری اجتماعی- فرهنگی با و خصوصیات عمومی بنگاه های هر دو صنعت (سطح تحصیلات مدیر/مالک بنگاه، تعداد شاغلین، قدمت بنگاه و متوسط میزان فروش سالانه ی بنگاه) با ارتقاء ظرفیت های یادگیری رابطه ی معنادار دارند. علاوه بر این به نظر می‌رسد که همجواری های نهادی، کالبدی، و اقتصادی در صنعت مبلمان و همجواری های کالبدی و نهادی در صنایع چاپ و نشر در ارتقاء ظرفیت های یادگیری خوشه‌های صنعتی فوق نقش ضعیفی دارند. توصیه تحقیق این است که برای موفقیت بیشتر این خوشه‌ها و ارتقاء ظرفیت‌های یادگیری و در نهایت تحریک توسعه منطقه‌ای نیاز است تا همجواری های نهادی، کالبدی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی اجتماعی این صنایع تقویت گردد.
1- Albu, M. (1997). Technological Learning and Innovation in Industrial Clusters in the South(Doctoral Dissertation). University of Sussex.
2- Adriani, P. (2003). Evolutionary dynamics of industrial clusters” In Mitleton-Kelly, E. (Ed) Complex systems and evolutionary perspectives on organizations: The application of complexity theory to organizations. E. Mitleton-Kelly Oxford, 73(2), 127–146.
3- Asheim, B. (1995). Industrial districts as ‘learning regions’. A condition for prosperity? European Planning Studies, 4(4) ,379-400
4- Bathelt, H. Malmberg, A. Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and Knowledge: Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation, Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31-56.
5- Beerpoot. (2007). Learning and entrepreneurship in the furniture cluster in Metro Cebu, the Philippines, International Development Planning Review, 29(1), 23-42.
6- Bellandi, M. (1994). Decentralized industrial creativity in dynamic industrial districts, in Technological dynamism in industrial districts: An alternative approach to industrialization in developing countries? Unctad, United Nations, New York and Geneva, 73-87.
7- Carrillo, J.F. (2006). “Knowledge Cities” ,Butterworth-Heinemann
8- Dadashpoor, H. (2009).Industrial Clusters, Learning, Innovation and Regional Development, Rahbord-E-Yas, 18(1), 53-73.
9- Dadashpoor, H & Ahmadi, F. (2010). Regional Competitiveness as a new Approach to Regional Development, Rahbord-E-Yas, 22(1), 51-80.
10- Dadashpoor, H & Andrew, A. (2007). Industrial Clustering, Learning And Innovation in the Tehran Metropolitan Region: Empirical Evidence of the Electronics”, Studies in regional Science, 37(2), 471-499.
11- Dadashpoor, H & Andrew, A. (2010). “Industrial Clustering, Innovation and Competitive Advantage in the Metropolitan Regions: Evidence from the Auto-parts Cluster within the Tehran Metropolitan Region”, International Journal Humanities, 17(1), 19-46.
12- Ferreira .M.P. & Serra. F.A.R. (2008). Open and closed industry clusters: The social structure of innovation, Working Papers 24, global advantage, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria.
13- Fritsch, M, Kauffeld-monz, M. (2008). “The impact of network structure on knowledge transfer: an application of social network analysis in the context of regional innovation networks”, The Annals of Regional Science, 44(1), 21-38.
14- Grando, A, Belvedere, V. (2006). District’s manufacturing performances: A comparison among large, small-to-medium-sized and district enterprises, International. J. Production Economics, 104(2), 85-99.
15- Gulrajani, M. (2006). Technological Capabilities in Industrial Clusters: A Case Study of Textile Cluster in Northern India, Science Technology Society, 11(1).149-190.
16- Hatzichronoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification, OECD Science, Technology and industry Working Papers,1997/2, OECD Publishing.
17- lake. Peter William. (2004). business networks within a regional Industrial cluster (M.A. dissertation), university of Southern Queensland.
18- Loviscek, A. Louis. (1980). Inter-industry Linkages And Industrial Clusters: A Comparative Analysis (Doctoral thesis), Morgantown, West Virginia.
19- Maskell, Peter. (1998). Low-Tech Competitive Advantages and Role of Proximity: The Danish Wooden Furniture Industry, European Urban and Regional Studies, 5(2), 99-118.
20- Mehprpoya, A. & Majidi, J.(2004).External Economies And Cooperation In Industrial Districts, Rasa Peeress, First Edition, (Translated in Persian).
21- Morgan, J.Q.(2004). The role of regional industry clusters in urban economic development: an analysis of process and performance”, dissertation, North Carolina State University
22- Moarrefi, A. Ashtiyani, V. Ilanloo, M. (2013). Industrial Clusters, Theory and Applications in Urban and Regional Planning, Qom. Aien Mahmoud Press
23- Nateq, M.(2006). The Role of Clustering on Increasing Competitiveness of SMEs with Focus on Marketing Development, Institute for trade Studies Research, Tehran, First Edition
24- Palacios, Juan J.(2005). “Economic Agglomeration And Industrial Clustering In Developing Countries: The case of the Mexican Silicon valley”, Section three, Edited by Akifumi Kuchiki, Sun Jian, Juan J. Palacios.
25- Porter, M.(2000). Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy, Economic Development Quarterly,14(1) ,15-34
26- Schiavone, F. (2004a). The Industrial District Model: An Entrepreneurial Overview. Studia Negotia Review, 1/2004.
27- Simpson, H. (2007).”An Analysis of Industrial Clustering in Great Britain”, Final Report, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London
28- Singh, Indira and Evans, J. (2009) Natural Resource-Based Sustainable Development Using a Cluster Approach, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 59(1), 183-201.
29- Steinfield, C. (2005, March). When Do SMEs Benefit from E-Commerce in an Industrial Cluster? Evidence from a Biotech Cluster, at the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Symposium on Industrial Clustering, Taipei, March 8-9
30- Sull, Donald N. (2003). The co-evolution of technology and industrial cluster: The rise and fall of the Akron Tire Cluster”, Working Paper Harvard Business School Under preparation for submission to Industrial and Corporate Change
_||_
1- Albu, M. (1997). Technological Learning and Innovation in Industrial Clusters in the South(Doctoral Dissertation). University of Sussex.
2- Adriani, P. (2003). Evolutionary dynamics of industrial clusters” In Mitleton-Kelly, E. (Ed) Complex systems and evolutionary perspectives on organizations: The application of complexity theory to organizations. E. Mitleton-Kelly Oxford, 73(2), 127–146.
3- Asheim, B. (1995). Industrial districts as ‘learning regions’. A condition for prosperity? European Planning Studies, 4(4) ,379-400
4- Bathelt, H. Malmberg, A. Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and Knowledge: Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation, Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31-56.
5- Beerpoot. (2007). Learning and entrepreneurship in the furniture cluster in Metro Cebu, the Philippines, International Development Planning Review, 29(1), 23-42.
6- Bellandi, M. (1994). Decentralized industrial creativity in dynamic industrial districts, in Technological dynamism in industrial districts: An alternative approach to industrialization in developing countries? Unctad, United Nations, New York and Geneva, 73-87.
7- Carrillo, J.F. (2006). “Knowledge Cities” ,Butterworth-Heinemann
8- Dadashpoor, H. (2009).Industrial Clusters, Learning, Innovation and Regional Development, Rahbord-E-Yas, 18(1), 53-73.
9- Dadashpoor, H & Ahmadi, F. (2010). Regional Competitiveness as a new Approach to Regional Development, Rahbord-E-Yas, 22(1), 51-80.
10- Dadashpoor, H & Andrew, A. (2007). Industrial Clustering, Learning And Innovation in the Tehran Metropolitan Region: Empirical Evidence of the Electronics”, Studies in regional Science, 37(2), 471-499.
11- Dadashpoor, H & Andrew, A. (2010). “Industrial Clustering, Innovation and Competitive Advantage in the Metropolitan Regions: Evidence from the Auto-parts Cluster within the Tehran Metropolitan Region”, International Journal Humanities, 17(1), 19-46.
12- Ferreira .M.P. & Serra. F.A.R. (2008). Open and closed industry clusters: The social structure of innovation, Working Papers 24, global advantage, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria.
13- Fritsch, M, Kauffeld-monz, M. (2008). “The impact of network structure on knowledge transfer: an application of social network analysis in the context of regional innovation networks”, The Annals of Regional Science, 44(1), 21-38.
14- Grando, A, Belvedere, V. (2006). District’s manufacturing performances: A comparison among large, small-to-medium-sized and district enterprises, International. J. Production Economics, 104(2), 85-99.
15- Gulrajani, M. (2006). Technological Capabilities in Industrial Clusters: A Case Study of Textile Cluster in Northern India, Science Technology Society, 11(1).149-190.
16- Hatzichronoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification, OECD Science, Technology and industry Working Papers,1997/2, OECD Publishing.
17- lake. Peter William. (2004). business networks within a regional Industrial cluster (M.A. dissertation), university of Southern Queensland.
18- Loviscek, A. Louis. (1980). Inter-industry Linkages And Industrial Clusters: A Comparative Analysis (Doctoral thesis), Morgantown, West Virginia.
19- Maskell, Peter. (1998). Low-Tech Competitive Advantages and Role of Proximity: The Danish Wooden Furniture Industry, European Urban and Regional Studies, 5(2), 99-118.
20- Mehprpoya, A. & Majidi, J.(2004).External Economies And Cooperation In Industrial Districts, Rasa Peeress, First Edition, (Translated in Persian).
21- Morgan, J.Q.(2004). The role of regional industry clusters in urban economic development: an analysis of process and performance”, dissertation, North Carolina State University
22- Moarrefi, A. Ashtiyani, V. Ilanloo, M. (2013). Industrial Clusters, Theory and Applications in Urban and Regional Planning, Qom. Aien Mahmoud Press
23- Nateq, M.(2006). The Role of Clustering on Increasing Competitiveness of SMEs with Focus on Marketing Development, Institute for trade Studies Research, Tehran, First Edition
24- Palacios, Juan J.(2005). “Economic Agglomeration And Industrial Clustering In Developing Countries: The case of the Mexican Silicon valley”, Section three, Edited by Akifumi Kuchiki, Sun Jian, Juan J. Palacios.
25- Porter, M.(2000). Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy, Economic Development Quarterly,14(1) ,15-34
26- Schiavone, F. (2004a). The Industrial District Model: An Entrepreneurial Overview. Studia Negotia Review, 1/2004.
27- Simpson, H. (2007).”An Analysis of Industrial Clustering in Great Britain”, Final Report, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London
28- Singh, Indira and Evans, J. (2009) Natural Resource-Based Sustainable Development Using a Cluster Approach, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 59(1), 183-201.
29- Steinfield, C. (2005, March). When Do SMEs Benefit from E-Commerce in an Industrial Cluster? Evidence from a Biotech Cluster, at the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Symposium on Industrial Clustering, Taipei, March 8-9
30- Sull, Donald N. (2003). The co-evolution of technology and industrial cluster: The rise and fall of the Akron Tire Cluster”, Working Paper Harvard Business School Under preparation for submission to Industrial and Corporate Change
