Feasibility Study on Reducing Lead and Cadmium Absorption in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) With Using Active Carbon
الموضوعات :
Solmaz Divani
1
(Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.)
Farzad Paknejad
2
(Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.)
Hossein Ghafourian
3
(Department of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
Mojtaba Alavifazel
4
(Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
Mohammad Reza Ardakani
5
(Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Heavy metals, Soil Pollution, Root dry weight,
ملخص المقالة :
In order to reducing the risk of heavy metals concentration in plant tissues which areamong the edible plants by human, find the active carbon ability in heavy metals removalfrom Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils and its effect on growthand nutrient absorption of Sweet basil, this greenhouse experiment was conducted inthe faculty of agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Iran. The experimentwas conducted in factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with fourreplications and three treatments: different levels of active carbon (0. 5, 10, 15 and 20g.kg-1soil), Lead (0 and 4 g.kg-1 soil) and Cadmium (0 and 0.08 g.kg-1 soil). Resultsshowed that active carbon significantly affected the sweet basil trials. It was observedthat the Pb and Cd absorption was reduced in soil contaminated with heavy metalwhen active carbon was applied. The optimum results were obtained through the applicationof active carbon in 20 g.kg-1 soil treatment. Totally, our results showed that activecarbon could improve the basil growth in heavy metal contaminated soil by inhibitionof Pb and Cd translocation into the plant tissues. Moreover, it was found thatSweet basil has a high ability in heavy metals removals in polluted regions.
Alloway, B. J. 1995. Heavy metals in soils. Springer Science and Business Media. 117 pp.
Badmus, M., T. Audu. and B. Anyata. 2007. Removal of lead ion from industrial wastewaters by activated carbon prepared from periwinkle shells (Typanotonus fuscatus). Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci. 31: 251-263.
Bansal, R. C., J. B. Donnet, F. Stoeckli. and M. Dekker. 1988. Active carbon. Newyork. 482 pp.
Bansal, R. C. and M. Goyal. 2005. Activated carbon adsorption: CRC Press. 520 pp.
Boonamnuayvitaya, V., C. Chaiya, W. Tanthapanichakoon. and S. Jarudilokkul. 2004. Removal of heavy metals by adsorbent prepared from pyrolyzed coffee residues and clay. Separation and Purification Technology. J. 35: 11-22.
Das, P., S. Samantaray. and G. Rout. 1997. Studies on cadmium toxicity in plants: A review. Environ. Pollution. J. 98: 29-36.
Diasa, M. J., M. C. M. Alvim-Ferraza, M. F. Almeidaa, J. Rivera-Utrillab. and M. Sánchez-Polo. 2007. Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: A review. J. Environ. Manag. 85: 833-846.
Garbisu, C. and I. Alkorta. 2003. Basic concepts on heavy metal soil bioremediation. Europ. J. Mineral Processing Environ. Protection. 3: 58-66.
Godt, J., F. Scheidig, C. Grosse-Siestrup, V. Esche, P. Brandenburg, A. Reich. and D. A. Groneberg. 2006. The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. J. Occup Med. Toxicol. 1: 1-6.
Goel, J., K. Kadirvelu, C. Rajagopal. and V. K. Garg. 2005. Removal of lead (II) by adsorption using treated granular activated carbon: batch and column studies. J. Hazardous Materials. 125: 211-220.
Grayer, R. J., G. C. Kite, F. J. Goldstone, S. E. Bryan, A. Paton. and E. Putievsky. 1996. Infraspecific taxonomy and essential oil chemotypes in sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum. Phytochemistry. J. 43: 1033-1039.
Halim, M., P. Conte. and A. Piccolo. 2003. Potential availability of heavy metals to phytoextraction from contaminated soils induced by exogenous humic substances. Chemosphere. J. 52: 265-275.
Hornok, L. 1992. Cultivation and processing of medicinal plants: John Wiley and Sons Pub. 117 pp.
Järup, L. 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin. 68: 167-182.
Joner, E. and C. Leyval. 1997. Uptake of 109 Cd by roots and hyphae of a Glomus mosseae/Trifolium subterraneum mycorrhiza from soil amended with high and low concentrations of cadmium. New Phytologist. J. 135: 353-360.
Kabata-Pendias, A. 2010. Trace elements in soils and plants: CRC press. 111 pp.
Kadirvelu, K. and C. Namasivayam. 2003. Activated carbon from coconut coirpith as metal adsorbent: adsorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solution. Adv. Environ. Res. J. 7: 471-478.
Kopittke, P. M., C. J. Asher, R. A. Kopittke. and N. W. Menzies. 2007. Toxic effects of Pb2+ on growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Environ. Pollution. J. 150: 280-287.
Krupa, Z. and M. Moniak. 1998. The stage of leaf maturity implicates the response of the photosynthetic apparatus to cadmium toxicity. Plant Sci. J. 138: 149-156.
Kumar, P. N., V. Dushenkov, H. Motto. and I. Raskin. 1995. Phytoextraction: the use of plants to remove heavy metals from soils. Environ. Sci. Tech. J. 29: 1232-1238.
Lagriffoul, A., B. Mocquot, M. Mench. and J. Vangronsveld. 1998. Cadmium toxicity effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and activities of stress related enzymes in young maize plants (Zea mays L.). Plant and Soil. J. 200: 241-250.
Lewinsohn, E., I. Ziv-Raz, N. Dudai, Y. Tadmor, E. Lastochkin, O. Larkov, D. Chaimovitsh, U. Ravid, E. Putievsky. and E. Pichersky. 2000. Biosynthesis of estragole and methyl-eugenol in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L), developmental and chemotypic association of allylphenol O-methyltransferase activities. Plant Sci. J. 160: 27-35.
Liu, D., W. Jiang, C. Liu, C. Xin. and W. Hou. 2000. Uptake and accumulation of lead by roots, hypocotyls and shoots of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Bio-Res. Tech. J. 71: 273-277.
McIntyre, T. 2003. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils. In: Phytoremediation. Springer Pub. pp: 97-123.
Nilsen, E. T. and D. M. Orcutt. 1996. Physiology of plants under stress. Vol. 1: Abiotic Factors 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons. Pub. Newyork. USA. 673 pp.
Pilon-Smits, E. and M. Pilon. 2002. Phytoremediation of metals using transgenic plants. Critical reviews in plant sciences. 21: 439-456.
Pivetz, B. E. 2001. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response: Superfund Technology Support Center for Ground Water, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Subsurface Protection and Remediation Division, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center.
Putievsky, E. and B. Galambosi. 1999. Production systems of sweet basil. Basil: the genus Ocimum/toim. Raimo Hiltunen ja Yvonne Holm. ISBN: 9789057024320.
Rao, M. M., D. Ramana, K. Seshaiah, M. Wang. and S. C. Chien. 2009. Removal of some metal ions by activated carbon prepared from Phaseolus aureus hulls. J. Hazardous Materials. 166: 1006-1013.
Rao, M. M., A. Ramesh, G.P.C. Rao. and K. Seshaiah. 2006. Removal of copper and cadmium from the aqueous solutions by activated carbon derived from Ceiba pentandra hulls. J. Hazardous Materials. 129: 123-129.
Ricordel, S., S. Taha, I. Cisse. and G. Dorange. 2001. Heavy metals removal by adsorption onto peanut husks carbon: characterization, kinetic study and modeling. Separation Purification Tech. J. 24: 389-401.
Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. 1997. Activated carbon: Structure, characterization, preparation and applications. In: Marsh, H., Heintz, E.A., Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. (Eds.) Introduction to Carbon Technologies, pp: 35–101. Universidad de Alicante, Alicante.
Sandalio, L., H. Dalurzo, M. Gomez, M. Romero‐Puertas. L. and Del Rio. 2001. Cadmium‐induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of pea plants. Journal of experimental botany 52:2115-2126.
Sharma, P. and R. S. Dubey. 2005. Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian J. Plant Physiol. 17: 35-52.
Shu, X., L. Yin, Q. Zhang. and W. Wang. 2012. Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis in cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. Environ. Sci. Pollution Res. J. 19: 893-902.
Van Aken, B. 2008. Transgenic plants for phytoremediation: helping nature to clean up environmental pollution. Trends in Biotech. J. 26: 225-227.
Van Hulle, S., W. Audenaert, B. Decostere, J. Hogie. and P. Dejans. 2008. Sustainable wastewater treatment of temporary events: the Dranouter Music Festival case study.
Zheljazkov, V. D., L. E. Craker. and B. Xing. 2006. Effects of Cd, Pb and Cu on growth and essential oil contents in dill, peppermint, and basil. Environ. Exp. Bot. J. 58: 9-16.
