Evaluation the Effect of Wild Mustard Densities and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Correlation between Traits
الموضوعات :
Nilofar Zande Vakil
1
(Agriculture and Natural Resources Engineering Disciplinary Organization, Ahvaz, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Weed density, Nitrogen agronomic efficiency,
ملخص المقالة :
In order to study the effects of wild mustard competition and different levels of nitrogen on effective traits of wheat yield, this research was conducted in Ahvaz, south west of Iran. The study was consisted of a split plot experiment, on the basis of Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications. Different levels of nitrogen (90, 150 and 210 kgN.ha-1) were assigned in the main plots and the sub-plots consisted of four wild mustard densities (0, 5, 10 and 15 weed plant.m-2). Result of analysis of variance showed the effect of nitrogen treatments on number of tiller per m2, number of spikelet per spike, seed yield, wild mustard biomass, wheat and wild mustard nitrogen agronomic efficiency was significant at 5% probability level and on number of seed per spike was significant at 1% probability level. Also effect of weed density on all measured traits (instead 1000-seed weight) were significant. But interaction effect of treatments on all traits was non-significant. Weed density had negative effects on nitrogen agronomic efficiency of wheat and positive effects on nitrogen agronomic efficiency of wild mustard. Seed yield was decreased in 0, 5 and 10 wild mustard densities per area unit. In the control plots by increasing nitrogen application wheat seed yield increased, but in wild mustard plots, with increasing nitrogen application loss of weed on economical yield increased. Generally, it seems that, wild mustard densities should be considered in determining the amount of nitrogen application, although 150 kgN.ha-1 recommended.
Armin, M., H. Gholami. and H. Miri. 2011. Effect of plant density and nitrogen rate on yield and yield components of wheat in wild oat-infested condition. J. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5(10): 3084- 3090.
Banisaeidi, A. K., E. Zand, A. Modhj, S. Lak. and M. A. Baghestani. 2014. Influence of nitrogen and plant density on spring wheat and oat competitiveness. Int. J. Bio-Sci. 4(2): 113-119.
Benbrook, C. M. 1996. Pest management at the crossroads. Yonkers, NY: Consumers Union. pp: 5-7.
Blackshaw, R. E. and E. H. Sturko. 1981. Effect of seeding date and densities of green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.) on the growth and production of spring wheat. Weed Sci. J. 29: 212-217.
Blackshaw, R. E., G. Semach. and H. H. Janzen. 2002. Fertilizer application method affects nitrogen uptake in weeds and wheat. Weed Sci. J. 50: 634-641.
Blackshaw, R. E., R. N. Brandt, H. H. Janzen, T. Entz, C. A. Grant. and D. A. Derksen. 2003. Differential response of weed species to added nitrogen. Weed Sci. J. 51: 532-539.
Carlson, H. L. and J. E. Hill. 1985. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) competition with spring wheat: Effects of nitrogen fertilizer. Weed Sci. J. 34: 29-33.
Chachar, Q. I., M. A. Chachar. and S. D. Chachar. 2009. Studies on integrated weed management in wheat. J. Agri. Tech. 5: 405-412.
Craswell, E. T. and D. C. Godwin. 1984. The efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizers applied to cereals in different climates. Plant Nutr. J. 1: 1–55.
Davis, A. S. and M. Liebman. 2001. Nitrogen source influences wild mustard growth and competitive effect on sweet corn. Weed Sci. J. 49: 558–566.
Donovan, J. O. 2001. Economical weed control in wheat. BASF Canada. 111 pp.
Hassan, G. and H. Khan. 2007. Effect of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) density on wheat yield and its components under varying nitrogen regimes. Pak. J. Bot. 39: 2585-2594.
Hesammi, E. 2011. Different densities of weeds and wild oats (Avena ludoviciana) and canary grass (phalaris minor) on yield and yield components of wheat cultivar Chamran. J. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5(11): 2497-2500.
Kazemeini, S. A., M. A. Ehsanjo, R. Moradi Talebeigi. and H. Sadeghi. 2014. Effects of nitrogen and rapeseed residues on seed yield and yield components of sunflower and weed growth.Iran Agri. Res. J. 33(2): 11-20.
Kolb, L. N., E. R. Gallandt. and E. B. Mallory. 2012. Impact of spring wheat planting density, row spacing, and mechanical weed control on yield, grain protein, and economic return in Maine. Weed Sci. J. 60: 244-253.
Liebman, M. and A. S. Davis. 2000. Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems. Weed Res. J. 40: 27-47.
Mesbah, A., S. D. Miller, K. J. Fornstorm. and D. E. Legg. 1995. Wild mustard (Brassica kaber L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) interference in sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.). Weed Tech. J. 9: 49-52.
Modhej, A., A. Naderi, Y. Emam, A. Aynehband. and Gh. Normohamadi. 2008. Effects of post anthesis heat stress and nitrogen levels on seed yield in wheat (T. durum and T. aestivum) genotypes. Intl. J. Plant Prod. 2(3): 257-268.
Mohajeri, F. and H. Ghadiri. 2003. Competition of different densities of wild mustard (Brassica kaber L.) with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 34: 527-537. (Abstract in English)
Mohammaddoust, H. R., A. M Tulikov. and M. A. Baghestani. 2006. Effect of long-term fertilizer application and crop rotation on the infestation of fields by weed. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 12(3): 221- 234.
Moradi Telavat, M. R., S. A. Siadat, Gh. Fathi, A. Zand. and Kh. Alamisaid. 2010. Effect of nitrogen and herbicide levels on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition ability against wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). Electronic J. Crop Prod. 2(3): 135-150. (Abstract in English)
Moosavi, K., M. Nasiri mahallati, H. Rahimian, A. Ghanbari, M. Banaian. and M. H. Rashed Mohasell. 2003. Seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer effects on wild mustard and winter wheat competition. J. Iranian Field Crop Res. 2(1): 107-119. (Abstract in English)
Movaghatian, A. and F. Khorsandi. 2014. Allelopathic effects of extracts from two growth stages of wheat on wild mustard germination characteristics. Int. J. Plant, Animal and Environmental Sci. 4(3): 454-458. In: Holethi, P., P. Lan, D. V. Chin. and H. K. Noguchi. 2008. Allelopathic potential of cucumber on barnyard grass. Weed Bio. Man. J. 2: 30-39.
Novoa, R. and R. S. Loomis. 1981. Nitrogen and plant production. Plant and Soil J. 58: 177–204.
Olsen, J. M., H. W. Griepentrog, H. W. Nielsen. and J. Weiner. 2012. How important are crop spatial pattern and density for weed suppression by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Weed Sci. J. 60: 501-509.
Pourreza, J. and A. Bahrani. 2015. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wild oat competition with wheat. 5th Int. Conf. Environ. Sci. Eng. pp: 67-72.
Puri, P., C. O. Qualset, M. F. Miller, K. G. Boghott, C. C. Jan. and C. D. Pace. 1985. Barley, wheat and triticale seed yield in relation to solar radiation and heat units. Crop Sci. J. 25: 893-900.
Ramezani, K. 2001. Competition of wild mustard and winter wheat at different nitrogen levels. MSc. Thesis. Agricultural College. Ferdowsi University. Iran. (Abstract in English)
Rastgoo, M., A. Ghanbari, M. Bannayan. and H. Rahimian. 2003. Investigation of amount and timing of nitrogen application effects on wild mustard impact on yield and yield components of winter wheat. Pajouhesh va Sazandegi. J. 57: 16-24. (Abstract in English)
Ross, D. M. and R. C. Van Acker. 2005. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and landscape position on wild oat interference in spring wheat. Weed Sci. J. 53: 869-876.
Thomas, J. B., G. B. Schaalje. and M. N. Grant. 1994. Height, competition and yield potential in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica. J. 74: 9-17.
Tulikov, A. M. and V. M. Sugrobov. 1984. Role of long-term application of fertilizer, lime and crop rotation in change of infestation in field by weeds. Izvestia ТСХА. J. 2: 32-36.
Yaghoobi, S., R. A. Ghalavand, M. Aghaalikhani. and E. Zand. 2011. Investigation of herbicide-nitrogen interaction on wheat yield in competition with L. holosteoides. Iranian Weed Sci. J. 7: 13-30. (Abstract in English)
Zadoks, J. C., T. T. Chang. and C. F. Konzak. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Res. J. 14: 415-421.
